Formative and structuralism criticism approach by Lucien Goldmann (1913-1970) is contemporary anthropocentric issues. This theory tries to discover hidden predominant rules on all human relations. The main aim of Goldmann by criticism is achieving work’s ideology More
Formative and structuralism criticism approach by Lucien Goldmann (1913-1970) is contemporary anthropocentric issues. This theory tries to discover hidden predominant rules on all human relations. The main aim of Goldmann by criticism is achieving work’s ideology and it’s relation with a specific social group. “The Grapes of Wrath” novel by John Steinbeck criticizes injustice and inequality in America’s labor society and economic crisis and depression. The mentioned novel owns many similarities with “Cloudy Years” novel by Darvishian which has precise viewpoint to poor classes in Reza Khaan era focusing labor literature and sociological damages in order to reform poor people’s lives. The main difference between “Cloudy Years” and “The Grapes of Wrath” is the complete description of problematic characters’ lives which is not in “The Grapes of Wrath” and just part of their lives are brought. Thus “Cloudy Years” is an expressive document of the proletariat life in delicate era of pre Islamic revolution battle. “Cloudy Years” expresses long and hazardous path of needy people and the way they become informed; since the heroes of “The Grapes of Wrath” are at the beginning of their class understanding.
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Grapes is one of the most important garden products in the entire world, but in Iran is reduced quality and quantity by Lobesia botrana (Tortricidae: Lepidoptera(. natural products are suite for replacing chemical pesticides. One of this is pheromones for controlling th More
Grapes is one of the most important garden products in the entire world, but in Iran is reduced quality and quantity by Lobesia botrana (Tortricidae: Lepidoptera(. natural products are suite for replacing chemical pesticides. One of this is pheromones for controlling this pest. This research has been done in 3 replicate, for studying efficiency pheromone traps to study seasonal population changes of L. botranaat three regions: Khondab (Hoseinabad, Jenga and Hesar), Enaj (Tourgir and Dehsad) and Khosbijan (Zalian). For this reason has been done sampling at different dates and places, with Delta yellow and white pheromone traps. The results showed the pest had 3 generation in all regions but there were different number of that Regards to climate. On the other side, both traps were affected on number of catches adults. So for controlling this pest in wild area of grapes, pheromone traps could be suggested in integrated pest management control programs.
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Economical predicaments have always been a suitable basis for social
changes and transformations. Literary authors who have not recognized themselves apart from people and society‟s progress for change have tried to record the social events and serve their duty as a so More
Economical predicaments have always been a suitable basis for social
changes and transformations. Literary authors who have not recognized themselves apart from people and society‟s progress for change have tried to record the social events and serve their duty as a social writer. The important point in studying the relationship between literature and society is similarities in which different authors from different cultures have responded the same reaction to the similar social upheavals.
White Revolution in Iran, for example, and its unsuccessful results has been depicted by Mahmud Dollatabadi, famous Iranian novelist. He shows a realistic literary account of this social-economical change to reflect its unsuccessful consequences in his novel Missing Slouch. On the other hand, John Steinbeck, well-known American novelist and literature noble prize winner, has written a novel in a very critical period of American history called The Great Depression. His novel is one the best literary record of this social-economical process. Social, economical and political similarities of these two events, White Revolution and The Great Depression, prove the similar way of thinking and approaching among writers to mirror the hidden realities of their society. Also, it proves the collective unconscious of human beings in dealing with ups and downs. This paper aims at, first, studying the common social and political origins of above mentioned events. Second, the common themes and characterization in Missing Slouch and The Grapes of Wrath are studied from Marxist point of view to prove the similarities found in two novels resulted from the common viewpoint and collective unconscious of the writers. The paper focuses on appreciating common themes, similarities in creating and developing the characters, changes in traditional structure of social unions to show the role of literature in recording and illustrating social processes.
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Due to agriculture is a risky activity and risk models is important in order to analyze the behavior of farmers, hence, in this study, the factors affecting risk-taking and risk aversion is the region grape growers. Data analysis was performed by using stochastic fronti More
Due to agriculture is a risky activity and risk models is important in order to analyze the behavior of farmers, hence, in this study, the factors affecting risk-taking and risk aversion is the region grape growers. Data analysis was performed by using stochastic frontier. Data gathered by questionnaires at three counties of Zabol, Hirmand and Zahak at 265 grape farmers in crop year of 2011-2012. The results showed that the cultivated area respectively for the county of Zabol and Zahak risk–reducing and risk-increases, labor Rental at Zabol county risks - reducing and animal manure for the county of Hirmand and Zahak was risk - Reducing respectively. Therefore, the positive and significant labor input on risk factor is production as a result of seasonality, It is suggested that the focus on seasonal labor and employment Rental through agencies or through the representatives of the Ministry of Labor and Social Affair.
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