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Open Access Article
1 - Evaluation the implications of rural resettlement due to the aggregation of flooded villages: the villages in East of Golestan province
masoomeh niyasati Seyed Amirhossein GarakaniThere are important choices to be made after the various accidents and the numerous financial and psychological effects of rural settlements, including decisions on how to intervene in rural settlements and the adoption of reconstruction policies. This intervention is i MoreThere are important choices to be made after the various accidents and the numerous financial and psychological effects of rural settlements, including decisions on how to intervene in rural settlements and the adoption of reconstruction policies. This intervention is identified as four types of identification, relocation, continuous development, or integration and integration for the reconstruction of damaged or destroyed villages due to natural hazards. Many scholars and scholars believe that among the above models, aggregation and integration have economic advantages in supplying facilities and services. The ruler's insight has led to less attention to its economic, social, physical and environmental implications. It seems that this indifference has led to the implementation and implementation of relocation and integration plans of rural settlements with the change in their vulnerability in the economic, social, physical and environmental dimensions and the development of the vulnerability of affected society Increase against future accidents. Extreme rainfall in the eastern province of Golestan province in August 2005 resulted in two devastating floods, one of the most damaging floods in the country. The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Housing Foundation has been providing housing for the affected population and in order to reduce the resettlement of villages due to the occurrence of future floods, the eleven villages in the city of Kalaleh, which had been damaged in recent floods in Golestan Province, were displaced. This research is descriptive-analytic and its data have been collected in two sections of library and field. The statistical population of this study is a collection of residents of the walled city and villagers who have returned to the villages of Chatal, Ghapan Oliya and Sofla. To test the vulnerability in two samples. However, the review of various experiences suggests that displacement of settlements, although effective in reducing physical morbidity, is mainly due to numerous social and economic consequences The displacement and consolidation of 11 villages of Golestan province in the post-flood Pishkamar site of 1384 were unsuccessful due to the lack of planning and designing, with macroeconomic and social costs, in reducing the dimensions of vulnerability of a settlement, including social and economic. This has led to the return of villagers to their old villages or citys. The quantitative results of this research also confirm the hypothesis that increasing the migration to cities, returning to old villages, ethnic conflicts, reducing production levels, increasing bank debt and the prevalence of insecurity in the outskirts of the Faragi city are one of the most important factors in increasing the vulnerability in the social and economic dimensions of the study area. The investigations indicate an increase in the amount of vulnerability in recreational areas in terms of economic and social dimensions and reducing its physical-environmental vulnerability to three villages. Since reducing the vulnerability of settlements is subject to control and reduction of damage and damage in all aspects, it seems that the reconstruction of rural settlements after the flood of 2005 in Golestan province has been effective in increasing the vulnerability of this area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Analysis of Factors Affecting the Ecotourism Development
Masoomeh Shemshad Iraj Malek Mohammadi -
Open Access Article
3 - Economic and Social Consequences of Changing the Cultivation Pattern in Golestan Province from Land Reforms until Now
Abdulmotalleb Mamashli Mohammad Reza Naeimi Rahmatollah Amirahmadi -
Open Access Article
4 - Economic and Social Consequences of Changing the Cultivation Pattern in Golestan Province from Land Reforms until Now
Abdulmotalleb Mamashli Mohammad Reza Naeimi Rahmatollah Amirahmadi -
Open Access Article
5 - Identifying Individual Barriers and Development Pattern of Rural Household Jobs with Emphasis on Eastern Regions of Golestan Province
Marzieh Bazrafshan Isa Hassanzadeh Alireza Esmaeeli -
Open Access Article
6 - Qualitative study of the development and change of organizational culture and identification of its leverage points with the approach to reforming work ethic (Case study: Government agencies of Golestan Privince)
Mojtaba Ranjabar Akbar Akbar Etenbariyan Khorasgani Mehraban Hadi PeykaniThe purpose of this study was to identify the leverage points of its organizational culture with the approach to reforming the work ethic and designing its development model and its transformation into governmental organizations of Golestan province. The type of qualita MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify the leverage points of its organizational culture with the approach to reforming the work ethic and designing its development model and its transformation into governmental organizations of Golestan province. The type of qualitative research and research method was grounded theory. The statistical population of the study consisted of 17 managers of governmental organizations in Golestan province. Data were gathered using interviews and information required for research. The findings were carried out in three stages: 1. open coding, 2. Axial coding, 3.Selective coding. Finding: 73 concepts were extracted from the interviews and divided into 7 main categories around the work ethics. The result of the research showed that the first category, the strategic approach to the reform of work ethics, (0.600), the second category, the management of the values of the organization (0.446); the third category, the management of the change (0.505); the fourth category, The transformational leadership skills (0.729); the fifth category the sponsoring staff (0.618); the sixth category, The knowledge and information management (0.730); and the seventh category, the proportional organization (0.664), each one has the highest and the least coefficient of path toward the consequences of reforming work ethic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Qualitative study of the development and change of organizational culture and identification of its leverage points with the approach to reforming work ethic (Case study: Government agencies of Golestan Province)
Mojtaba Ranjbar Akbar Etebarian Khorasgani Mehraban Hadi PeikaniThe purpose of this study is to identify the leverage points of its organizational culture with an approach of reforming the work ethics and designing its development model and its transformation into governmental organizations of Golestan province. The type of research MoreThe purpose of this study is to identify the leverage points of its organizational culture with an approach of reforming the work ethics and designing its development model and its transformation into governmental organizations of Golestan province. The type of research is qualitative and research method is grounded theory. The statistical population of the study consists of 17 experts of governmental organizations in Golestan province. The data are gathered using interviews and information required for research. The findings are carried out in three stages: 1. open coding, 2. Axial coding, 3.Selective coding. The finding show that 73 concepts are extracted from the interviews and divided into 7 main categories around the work ethics. The result of the research show that the first category, the strategic approach to the reform of work ethics, (0.600), the second category, the management of the values of the organization (0.446); the third category, the management of the change (0.505); the fourth category, The transformational leadership (0.729); the fifth category the sponsoring staff (0.618); the sixth category, The knowledge and information management (0.730); and the seventh category, the proportional organization (0.664), each one has the highest and the least coefficient of path toward the consequences of reforming work ethics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Study of Rural Settlements in the zonning flood-golestan province based on scs Model
Mozhgan Nadiri Jamshid Jedari EyvaziNatural hazards as an important factor for the environmental planners. These hazards areexacerbated by the Human Performance, However, flooding is not exempt from thisphenomenon. In this article the influence of various factors to determine the risk areas.However one of MoreNatural hazards as an important factor for the environmental planners. These hazards areexacerbated by the Human Performance, However, flooding is not exempt from thisphenomenon. In this article the influence of various factors to determine the risk areas.However one of the factors leading flooding hazard, the development of rural areas in thesurrounding rivers and floodplains.so The zoning maps, flood risk in the management, Thishazard can be very effective And the authorities used in order to assist planning . In thisstudy , methods use statistical data, analysis of spatial data and the use of Satellite images forpreparation curve number in model scs With GIS technique.in the step use CN map andpreparation layer,zoning potential Similar runoff are determined In Based on the results of themodel About 48% of the floor without a runoff, and the runoff is low, 36% moderate and 16%runoff classes are too severe. The severity of flooding is concentrated in the southern half ofthe province.In this part of the study, the mapping of these factors in the GIS By analyzing inthe buffering and danger zones with varying intensities determined Finally, the mostvulnerable villages in the region in terms of the severity of these risks are prioritized.Suchstudies can provide useful guidelines for the identification and assessment of natural hazardsand priorities Settlements also provide risk managers and planners will be responsible in thisregard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Comparative Comparison of Factors Affecting the Willingness and Participation of Donors in the Urban Uses Sector (Case Study: Development of Sports Facilities in Golestan and Tehran provinces)
Esmaeil Deldadeh Mehraban Zynalabedin Fallah Taher Bahlakeh Asra AskariIntroduction and Purpose: The important role of financial supporters and financial supporters in helping to develop different sectors of countries is quite obvious, and donors have found a special place in this regard. The purpose of this study is to identify and priori MoreIntroduction and Purpose: The important role of financial supporters and financial supporters in helping to develop different sectors of countries is quite obvious, and donors have found a special place in this regard. The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the will and participation of this group of individuals in the development of sports venues and promote related per capita. For this purpose, the components identified in the two provinces of Golestan and Tehran was compared and comparatively comparable. Method: The present study is a type of applied research and a descriptive-surrounding data collection. Key points were used to identify effective factors based on the foundation's data strategy and coding. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative section of the research included experts and specialists in the field of sports management. The FAHP technique was used to weight and prioritize components. Findings: A total of 112 initial codes were extracted from a total of 16 interviews, which were reduced to 13 subs -categories during the coding process, and finally 6 main categories were extracted on the basis of secondary open codes. In Golestan province, the "economic factors" category of 0.54884 had the highest importance and the "development" of 0.05222 had the lowest priority. On the other hand, the results for Tehran province showed that the category of "economic factors" weighing 0.72314 has the highest degree of importance and the "trusting" category of 0.06652 has the lowest priority. The important point is that in all two provinces that have the highest weight, the "economic conditions" are "economic conditions". Conclusion: In order to expand the qualitative and qualitative expansion of the charity culture in the community and to use the benefits and capabilities of the charity and encourage them to meet the sports needs of the community in different regions of the country, as well as guide and organize the charity's financial and specialized assistance, it is necessary to make a definite mechanism, Predict and adopt. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Analysis of the influencing factors on the behavioral intention of farmers in the acceptance of Arta tobacco
Abdolhalim Kor Reza Movahedi Hamid BalaliThis study was conducted with the aim of investigating the factors influencing the farmers' behavioral intention to accept Arta tobacco cultivation in the eastern regions of Gholston province. The research type was an applied research which was done by a surveying metho MoreThis study was conducted with the aim of investigating the factors influencing the farmers' behavioral intention to accept Arta tobacco cultivation in the eastern regions of Gholston province. The research type was an applied research which was done by a surveying method. The statistical population was 662 tobacco farmers in Minoodasht and Dozin regions located in the east of the province, of those 154 samples were selected as a sample population by using Cocheran's formula. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire. The questionnaire validity was assessed by discriminant and convergent validity methods and the questionaire reliability was evaluated by composite reliability method using PLS software. The hypotheses test and structural modeling equations results showed that the variables attitude with a coefficient of 0.717, personality with a coefficient of 0.322, perceived ease of use with a coefficient of 0.267, trust with a coefficient of 0.167 and perceived risk with a coefficient of 0.138 were the strongest determination of farmers' behavioral intention in accepting Arta tobacco, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Factors Influencing on Agricultural Knowledge and Information System view of Extension Experts in Golestan Province
Reza DinpanahThe aim of this study was to study influencing factors on agricultural knowledge and information system. The methodological approach of this study was descriptive- correlative. The research population consisted of 110 extension experts, which all them was census. Validi MoreThe aim of this study was to study influencing factors on agricultural knowledge and information system. The methodological approach of this study was descriptive- correlative. The research population consisted of 110 extension experts, which all them was census. Validity of the instrument was established by a panel of experts consisting of senior faculty members and research committee advisors. Also a pilot test was conducted to determine the reliability of the survey instrument. In this test, the mentioned questionnaires were given to 30 expert which were similar to statistical society in regional, economic, cultural and social conditions. Reliability analysis was conducted by using and Cronbach alpha formula and result was 0.85. The results showed that factors of interactions improvement of extension- education, extension- farmers, extension- research, extension-private companies, extension- agricultural organization, education- research, education- farmers and research- farmers with agricultural knowledge and information system had been relationship of positive and significant. The results of the multiple regression analysis (stepwise method) revealed that the factors of interactions improvement extension- research and education- farmers explained a variation of 38.9% of the agricultural knowledge and information system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Sustainability Analysis of Specialized Tobacco Cultivation System in Golestan Province
Aliakbar Abbasi Rostami Saeed Mohammadzadeh Amir AhmadpourThis study aimed to sustainability analysis of specialized tobacco cultivation system in Golestan Province. Research method adopted a causal- correlational approach. The population of this research were all oriental tobacco growers of Golestan province and based on a Co MoreThis study aimed to sustainability analysis of specialized tobacco cultivation system in Golestan Province. Research method adopted a causal- correlational approach. The population of this research were all oriental tobacco growers of Golestan province and based on a Cochran formula 140 people was selected. The data collection tool was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a panel of experts, and its reliability was measured through Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranging from 0.706 to 0.81. The findings results showed that 13% of sustainability of specialized tobacco cultivation system was very high, 40.8% was high, 28.6% was medium, 17.6% was low, and the most important effective factors on sustainability of specialized tobacco cultivation system was training and support service factors with path coefficient of 0.23 and 0.22. Also labor and economic empowerment status factors affected on Sustainability of specialized tobacco cultivation system in Golestan Province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Study on parasitic infections of native poultry in Golestan province
میثم Mamashly SH Rqnjbar-Bahadori ابوالقاسم Safdari رضا Aghaebrahimi-SamaniPoultry breeding in free environmental situation may cause an extensive band of parasiticinfection in them. In the present study, 110 native poultry from wet regions (Gorgan,Minoodasht, Azadshahr, Aliabad katool, Kalaleh, and Galikesh) and dry regions (Gonbad-eKavoos an MorePoultry breeding in free environmental situation may cause an extensive band of parasiticinfection in them. In the present study, 110 native poultry from wet regions (Gorgan,Minoodasht, Azadshahr, Aliabad katool, Kalaleh, and Galikesh) and dry regions (Gonbad-eKavoos and agh-ghala) in 2009 were collected randomly. After necropsy of trachea anddigestive system, its includings were checked by helminth existence and mucosal intestinesamples were checked by digestion prptozoa. Moreover, external coat and surface of poultrywere studied for presence of ectoparasites. Meanwhile, blood samples of poultry were studiedfor blood protozoa.Results showed that 97.27% of native poultry in Golestan province were infected to parasitesand isolated parasites were including: Heterakis galinarum (18.18%), Subulura brumpti(7.27%), Acuaria spiralis (5.45%), Capilaria sp (1.81%), Ascaridia galli (48.18%), Syngamustrachea (15.45%), Hymenolepis sp (2.73%), Choanotaenia infundibulum (11.81%), Railietinatetragona (53.63%), Railietina cesticyllus (14.45%), Railietina echinobothrida (25.45%),Drepanidotaenia lanceolata (1.81%), Menopon gallinae (72.72%), Argas persicus (13.63%),Menocanthus stramineus (0.9%), Goniodes dissimilis (1.81%), Dermanyssus gallinae (1.81%),Haemoproteus sp (1.81%), and Eimeria spp (2.73%). Therefore, it seems that it is necessary tocontrol of parasitic infection in poultry of Golestan province is possible by applying specificmanagement method and control of their vectors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Assessing the Socio – Economic Rural Development Level of Golestan Province Townships Using Topsis and Entropy Methods
Sahar Saeidi Abdolrassoul Salmanmahiny Sepideh Saeidi Background and Objective: The level of human life has always been in progress with the development of science and human knowledge, but this growth has not been uniform in all areas and consequently different communities with different socio - economic development More Background and Objective: The level of human life has always been in progress with the development of science and human knowledge, but this growth has not been uniform in all areas and consequently different communities with different socio - economic development levels have been created. Using regional planning seems to be a necessity to reduce these inequalities. The goal of the present research is to assess and rank the socio – economic rural development level of Golestan Province townships. Method: Entropy and TOPSIS methods were used to weight the criteria and prioritize the cities. Tweleve criteria in four main categories including population, transportation, welfare and healthcare were selected to measure the socio – economic rural development levels. Findings: The results showed that Gonbad Kavoos has the first rank with a coefficient of 0.92 and Bandar gaz has last rank with a coefficient of 0.12. After calculating the development rates, townships were divided into one of the high, medium, low and very low classes. Finally, sensitivity analysis with seven repetitions was implemented to ensure the consistency of the results. Discussion and Counclusion: The results of this research can be used as a model to design proper growth and development plans for Golestan Province townships. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Local names Aceraceae, Hamamelidaceae, Leguminosae, Fabales, Betulaceae, Ebenaceae, Fagaceae, Buxaceae, Juglandaceae trees in Iran
Ghassem Habibi Bibalani Prisa Mohamadpour Fatemeh Mosazadeh SayadMahalehObjectives: Social linguistics is a type of linguistic study that is known as a cultural subject that is closely related to the social relations of the community that speaks that language. The purpose of this study is to identify and record the different names used for MoreObjectives: Social linguistics is a type of linguistic study that is known as a cultural subject that is closely related to the social relations of the community that speaks that language. The purpose of this study is to identify and record the different names used for trees, shrubs and shrubs in different regions of Gilan, Mazandaran and Golestan provinces from Astara to Ramyan. These provinces also had local names registered. Materials and Methods: The present research has been done by field method and library study. Although all the researchers in this study are fully acquainted with the Gilaki language and dialect, however, to determine the exact Persian equivalent of words and tree-related entries in different local dialects, interview speakers of this language (especially people over 60 years of age Year) did. All the words and terms of this research are related to the most important words and terms related to the trees, shrubs and bushes of the families of the tribes of Aceraceae, Hamamelidaceae, Leguminosae, Fabales, Betulaceae, Ebenaceae, Fagaceae, Buxaceae, Juglandaceae in different regions of Gilan, Mazandaran and Golestan. Results: In this study, 102 local names for the trees of the genus Aceraceae (23 local names), Hamamelidaceae (2 local names), Leguminosae (14 local names), Fabales(18 local names), Betulaceae (9 local names), Fagaceae (20 Local names), Buxaceae (6 local names) and Juglandaceae (10 local names) in Iran, which are mainly the names used in the three provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran and Golestan in different dialects, were recorded. Based on the results of this research, Acer laetum with local names of Bezberg (in Gorgan), Mirzaberg (in Ramyan), Pellet (in Gilan), Milky (in Noor, Kojoor and Mazandaran) and Zbandar (in Bandar-e-Gaz); Acer opulifolium with the local names of Cerco (in Ramyan) and Sefid Cerco (in Katul); Acer platanoides with the local letters Kirk (in pilgrimage) and Kakum (in its length); Alnus glotinosa with the local names of Siatuse (in Lahijan), Tosa (in Rudsar), Tose (in Rasht), Alder (in Gorgan and Mazandaran) and Yellow (in Astara and Tavalesh) are called. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Local names Oleaceae, Rosaceae, Salicaceae, Tiliaceae, Ulmaceae trees in Iran
Ghassem Habibi Bibalani Fatemeh Mosazadeh SayadMahalehBackground: One of the types of social studies is the study of the indigenous languages of a region, which is a direct relationship with the relations of the members of a community who were in contact with each other in different eras. Since trees and shrubs have played MoreBackground: One of the types of social studies is the study of the indigenous languages of a region, which is a direct relationship with the relations of the members of a community who were in contact with each other in different eras. Since trees and shrubs have played an important role in the daily life of human societies, so has the need to use specific names for them in societies.Methods: In this study, we tried to survey different areas of Gilan, Mazandaran and Golestan provinces and conduct interviews also to study the authoritative sources of local names of trees and shrubs in the Oleaceae, Rosaceae, Salicaceae, Tiliaceae, Ulmaceae trees.Results: In this study, 106 local names for the trees of the genus Oleaceae (10 local names), Rosaceae (43 local names), Salicaceae (25 local names), Tiliaceae (6 local names) and Ulmaceae (22 local names) in Iran, which are mainly the names used in the three provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran and Golestan in different dialects, were recorded.Conclusion: Since in many of these areas the local language is fading for various reasons, the collection and registration of these local tree names is very importance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Assessing the potential of beekeeping and determination of attractiveness range plants used bee by using geographic information system in Char-Bagh summer rangelands, Golestan
Reza Yari Gholam Ali Heshmati Hamed RafieiThe aim of this study is to assess the potential of beekeeping and determination of attractiveness range plants used bee by geographic information system (GIS) in 2015 in Char-Bagh summer rangeland, Golestan. Accordingly, the final model of beekeeping potential of combi MoreThe aim of this study is to assess the potential of beekeeping and determination of attractiveness range plants used bee by geographic information system (GIS) in 2015 in Char-Bagh summer rangeland, Golestan. Accordingly, the final model of beekeeping potential of combining the four main criteria of nectar and pollen composition of plants (20 points), distance from water sources (10 points), roads and access routes (10 points) and the average temperature during the course of beekeeping (10 points) was determined. After the vegetation type’s floristic-physiognomic method, sampling the vegetation types in the area delimitation random-systematic method to deploy 3 transects 300 m and 30 plots were made according to the type of vegetation. Water resources map as well as the road map was drawn using Global position system (GPS), field visit and geographic information system (GIS). Nectar and pollen 134 plant species from 80 genera and 31 plant families’ favorite bee detected. Family Asteraceae, Lamiaceae and Fabaceae, respectively, with 29 (21.8%), 23 (29.17%) and 19 (14.28%) species with the highest frequency nectar and pollen plants in the region. The results showed that plants attractive class II and III, the most appearances (60.9%) and class V least of (2.3%) in the region and with regard to regular visits on the field and during the flowering period May to August are the most plants in Char-Bagh summer rangelands. The results show that using the GIS module beekeeping potential of the pasture area 17.62% (1562.4 hectares) average potential in the floor (S2), 72.41% (6419.76 hectares) on the low potential (S3) and 9.96% (883.5 ha) in the class of potential (N) is located. According to the results area of about 90.03% (7982.17 hectares) has been potential the principles of apiculture, beekeeping can be attempted with the principles and also earn money by reducing grazing pasture helped to revive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Evaluation of RapidEye satellite data for estimation some quantitative structure variables in the Caspian forests of Gorgan region
Noureddin Noorian Shaban Shataee Jahangir MohamadiEstimation of quantitative forest attributes is important for its applications in order to understand the forest condition and performance. The aim of this study was the estimation of some quantitative forest attributes (stand volume, basal area, and tree stem density) MoreEstimation of quantitative forest attributes is important for its applications in order to understand the forest condition and performance. The aim of this study was the estimation of some quantitative forest attributes (stand volume, basal area, and tree stem density) using the RapidEye satellite data (2011) and non-parametric algorithms in the part of Hyrcanian forests in the Gorgan region. For this purpose, 418 plots each with an area of 1000m2 were established using a simple random sampling method. In each plot, information including a position of plot center, diameter at breast height of all trees and height of selected trees were recorded. Based on which the standing volume and basal area per ha were derived. A RapidEye image was processed by different synthetic bands derived from rationing, principal component analysis, texture analysis, and Tasseledcap, and the pixel gray values corresponding to the ground samples were extracted from spectral bands. These were further considered as the independent variables to predict the Quantitative characteristics. Modeling was carried out based on 75% of sample plots as training set using K-Nearest Neighbor, support vector machine, and random forest methods. The predictions were cross-validated using the left-out 25% samples. The results showed Random forest comparatively returned the best estimates for stand volume, basal area and tree stem density with root mean square error of 39.83%, 29.71%, and 50.11% and relative bias of 0.01, 1.69 and 2.11 as well, respectively. The results of this study also showed that due to the heterogeneity and density of Caspian forests, RapidEye satellite spectral data have a moderate ability to estimate the quantitative forest attributes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Modeling land cover changes in Golestan province using land change modeler (LCM)
Fatemeh Salarian Mohammadreza Tatian Abdolazim Ghanghermeh Reza TamartashBackground and Objective In recent decades, land use change due to environmental and human factors has caused serious effects on the environment and the economy in Golestan province. On the other hand, wide rangelands and natural areas have been cultivated without obser MoreBackground and Objective In recent decades, land use change due to environmental and human factors has caused serious effects on the environment and the economy in Golestan province. On the other hand, wide rangelands and natural areas have been cultivated without observing ecological and scientific principles or have been exploited for special purposes and changing to other uses, while many of these lands are do not have the potential to become new land uses and they have a high potential for erosion, as a result of which we will see soil erosion, especially in sloping lands and the creation of destroyer floods. Therefore, it is necessary and essential to be aware of the type and manner of use and its possible changes over time, which will be important for planning and policy-making in the country. The aim of this study was to detection the land use changes in Golestan province during the years 1986 to 2019 and to predict the land use status of the region for 2050 using the Land Change Modeling (LCM) approach.Materials and Methods In order to monitor the trend of land use changes in the study area, Landsat 5 and 8 satellites (TM and OLI sensors for 1986, 2001, and 2019) were used. Interpretation and processing of satellite data were performed in ENVI software. The necessary pre-processing was performed on the images. First, the images were mosaic together and then cut according to the province boundary. In order to identify and separate the phenomena from each other, a false color image was created. Then, the supervised classification method with the maximum likelihood method was used. At this stage, five classes, including rangeland, agriculture, forestry, residential, and water areas were defined. Land use maps for 1986, 2001, and 2019 were prepared. Integration of land cover maps related to 1986, 2001, and 2019 was used as input of LCM model and digital elevation model (DEM) maps and road and stream layers to analyze area changes and prediction of land use changes of 2050. After the necessary analyzes in order to detect land use changes between the intended time periods, change maps and land use transfers were prepared. Finally, the amount of decrease and increase in each land use, the amount of net changes, the net change from other land uses to the desired class, areas without change and transfer from each land use to another land in different land cover classes in the form of maps and charts were prepared and analyzed.Results and Discussion The aim of this study was prediction and modeling of land use changes in a period of 33-years in Golestan province. According to the results during this period, the area of the rangelands has decreased a lot, equivalent to 181181.25 hectares. Much of the decline in rangelands is due to its conversion into agricultural, which can be attributed to population growth and the need to expand crop land. The area of forest lands during the mentioned years has decreased from 393018.75 to 349143.75 hectares in 2019, which has shown a decrease of 43875 hectares (2.2%). In general, the destruction of rangeland and forest areas is especially visible in developing countries due to population growth, technological growth and non-compliance with ecological principles and law enforcement. Also, the results of classified maps during the mentioned years show that the highest amount of changes in the region is related to agricultural lands, has increased to 173700 hectares equal to 8.5 % during the same period. The rate of land use changes related to the residential land class has also increased with the increasing trend from 18731.25 hectares in 1986 to 37518.75 hectares in 2019, which has increased by 18787.50 hectares (0.9%) during this period. Rapid growth of population has led to the development of residential and urban areas and the increase in this type of land use with a relatively steep slope, especially in recent years, which can be part of the government's plans for housing construction in the surrounding areas cities. This increase in the class of agricultural lands is more noticeable, especially in the central and eastern regions of the province, and can be a warning alarm for the future. It means that in an imperceptible trend, rangeland and forest lands become rainfed agricultural lands and after a while unprincipled exploitation, eventually become barren and unusable land. On the other hand, this could indicate an increase in population and demand for housing, and consequently securance of the needs of the residents of the region is a threat to rangeland lands which is necessary instead of increasing the agricultural and residential lands and turning rangeland lands into such land uses, the policy of increasing productivity in the agricultural sector should be pursued. About of water areas, it can be said that during this period, it has increased by 1.6% or 3268.75 hectares. This increase in water areas can be partly attributed to heavy rainfall and water intake and even floods in different parts of the province in 2019. Predicting the rate of land use change in 2050 indicates that in the coming years, the area of rangelands and forests will be reduced by 131906.25 and 291600 hectares, respectively, and in contrast to the area of agricultural land and residential areas will increase to 164137.50 and 25313.25 hectares, respectively. Therefore, the adoption of necessary measures and policies to further reduce forest and rangeland will be inevitable.Conclusion Understanding of the conditions of different land uses during the coming periods will facilitate planning for the future by creating information in terms of their spatial distribution pattern, but maintaining and creating sustainable conditions for the future both statistically and it is ecologically one of its limitations. These constraints play an important role in the safe use of different land uses in the planning process. Therefore, creating sustainable conditions in the region and modeling it in order to use the natural resources of a region regularly and sustainably is one of the preconditions for achieving upstream visions and documents, including the sustainable development plan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Biological study of olive leaf moth, Palpita unionalis Hbn. (Lep., Pyralidae) in Golestan province, Iran
J. AlaviThe olive leaf moth, Palpita unionalis Hubner, is one of the most important pest of olive trees in Golestan province. The larva attacks young shoots and feed on leaf parenchyma. In heavy infestations larvae also attack the fruits of late ripen cultivars. Biological stud MoreThe olive leaf moth, Palpita unionalis Hubner, is one of the most important pest of olive trees in Golestan province. The larva attacks young shoots and feed on leaf parenchyma. In heavy infestations larvae also attack the fruits of late ripen cultivars. Biological studies in controlled and field conditions, during 2001-2003, showed that the insect has six generations per year in Gorgan. Adults of overwintered larvae appeared by the end of winter and adults of the first generation appeared in mid-March. Insect overwintered as larva among leaves on olive trees. Eggs were laid on the lower surface of terminal rows of leaves, most of eggs were laid solitary. Results showed that, the present work, the mean number of eggs that was laid by each female, was 231. Eggs hatched after 2.5 days, the larva and pupa stage duration were 21.5 and 8.6 days, respectively. Nearly most of pupae were formed in cocoons in the soil. The average longevity of female and male adults was 14 and 13.6 days, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Study on diversity of rove beetles (Staphylinidae, Col.) in Golestan Province, Iran
N. Fathpour R. Vafaei-Shoushtari M. Yazdanian S. SerriDuring 2011 and 2013 an elementary study on the rove beetles of Gorgan (Golestan province in north of Iran) and adjutant areas was carried out. The specimens were collected by Berlese funnel, aspirator and also sifters in 14 collecting sites. As a result, 3 genera of Ox MoreDuring 2011 and 2013 an elementary study on the rove beetles of Gorgan (Golestan province in north of Iran) and adjutant areas was carried out. The specimens were collected by Berlese funnel, aspirator and also sifters in 14 collecting sites. As a result, 3 genera of Oxytelinae, 6 species of Steninae and one species and one genus of Tachyporinae were identified. Out of which, S. similis and S. piscator are the first record for the fauna of Golestan province. The name of genera and species are presented here: Subfamily Oxytelinae Fleming, 1821: Bledius Leach, 1819 Platystethus Mannerheim, 1830 Subfamily Steninae Macleay, 1825 Stenus caspius Puthz, 1972 Stenus machulkei Hromadka, 1977 Stenus lenkoranus Puthz, 1970 Stenus piscator Saulcy, 1865 Stenus similis Herbst, 1784 Stenus turk Puthz, 1972 Subfamily Tachyporinae Macleay, 1825: Tachyporus hypnorum Fabricius, 1775 Sepedophilus Gistel, 1856 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Providing a Model of the Enterprise Market Capabilities with an Emphasis on Organizational Entrepreneurship
Fatemehsadat Hosseini Astaraei Samereh shojaie Parviz Saeidi Mahmood Reza Mostaghimi -
Open Access Article
23 - ارزیابی مدل شیرازی در برآورد فرسایش پذیری خاک های لسی
نادر جندقی مجتبی قره محمود لو حجت قربانی واقعیبرای انجام این تحقیق، پس از بررسی اولیه اجزای واحد اراضی در محدوده مورد مطالعه (شامل تراس رودخانه ­ای، فلات لسی و تپه) به عنوان واحد کاری انتخاب شدند. برای این منظور 48 نمونه سطحی (عمق 0 تا 10 سانتی­متر) جمع ­آوری شد. برخی خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی خاک شامل بافت Moreبرای انجام این تحقیق، پس از بررسی اولیه اجزای واحد اراضی در محدوده مورد مطالعه (شامل تراس رودخانه ­ای، فلات لسی و تپه) به عنوان واحد کاری انتخاب شدند. برای این منظور 48 نمونه سطحی (عمق 0 تا 10 سانتی­متر) جمع ­آوری شد. برخی خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی خاک شامل بافت خاک در آزمایشگاه اندازه­ گیری شد. سپس مقادیر فرسایش ­پذیری خاک به روش شیرازی برآورد شد. در این تحقیق، فرسایش ­پذیری واقعی خاک با استفاده از شبیه­ ساز باران در مزرعه (در کرت­ های 1 متر مربعی) اندازه­ گیری شد. سپس با استفاده از نرم­ افزار GIS و از روش درونیابی (IDW) تغییرات مکانی فرسایش ­پذیری خاک در منطقه مورد مطالعه ترسیم شد. نتایج نشان داد در هر 3 تیپ خاک این حوزه، استفاده از مدل شیرازی نسبت به داده ­های واقعی بیشبرآوردی داشته است. مقدار این بیش­برآوردی در تیپ تراس آبرفتی، فلات لسی و تپه به ترتیب 56/8، 66/14، 6/10 برابر مقادیر اندازه­ گیری بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The study of sedimentological and mineralogical loess sediments as raw material for produce Brick and other industrial products in Golestan Province
Mansoor khajeh Hossein Tuluian Araz- Mohammad mofidi- khajeh Mansoor RahmatiIn recent years, many industries activities such as refining crude oil, aluminum and zinc production, ship repairand construction, loading and unloading of minerals and chemicals, etc. As a development center in BandarAbbas, southern Iran, which formed the subject exace MoreIn recent years, many industries activities such as refining crude oil, aluminum and zinc production, ship repairand construction, loading and unloading of minerals and chemicals, etc. As a development center in BandarAbbas, southern Iran, which formed the subject exacerbate pollution load destruction of sensitive ecosystemscoastal waters region. Therefore, measures to identify and measure heavy metals and trace elements with regardto harmful effects on marine ecosystems including aquatic and consequently affects puts man in sediments ofcoastal waters is an important. Based on this in this study the amount of heavy metals Zn, Cr, Ni and Cd insediments in coastal areas target Bandar Abbas apparatus flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) wasmeasured. All stages of sample and digestion of sediment according to standard methods (MOOPAM) were.Thus, the average concentration of heavy metals Zn, Cr, Ni and Cd in sediments, respectively 89.1 ± 0.3, 90.4 ±0.3, 27.9 ± 0.3 and 2.1 ± 0.2 (µg g-1) dry weight sediment, respectively. This value with an average concentrationof elements in sediments above and other global internal and external areas were analyzed and compared.Statistical analysis (ANOVA: Single Factor) showed that the average concentration of heavy metals Zn, Cr, Niand Cd in sediment are significant differences between the crossings. Two elements Cd and Zn with a correlationcoefficient of 0.7651 have the highest correlation and then the order of elements Ni and Cr with the coefficientcorrelation 0.7410, Cd and Cr with the coefficient correlation 0.599, Zn and Cr coefficient correlation 0.5603and Ni and Zn with the coefficient correlation 0.1704 are. With coefficient significant and positive correlationbetween Cd and Zn, Cd and Cr, Zn and Cr and finally be determined that the source of pollution in the sedimentsof these elements is the same. The results show there are no statistically significant correlations for Cd, Nicoefficient. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Challenges of applying research findings in education and upbringing in Golestan province
Mohadese Javadi far Negin Jabbari The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating and identifying the challenges of applying research findings related to education in Golestan province. The research method was qualitative. The statistical population of this research is all offici More The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating and identifying the challenges of applying research findings related to education in Golestan province. The research method was qualitative. The statistical population of this research is all officials related to the field of education research in Golestan province and researchers who have worked in the field of education. The snowball method was used to select the sample, and 10 officials related to education research in the province were selected and semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted with them. In this research, with the aim of validating the research process and ensuring the quality of the data and interpretations made, a combination of interpretative research evaluation criteria including reliability, transferability, verifiability, truthfulness, comprehensibility, generality and controllability was used. The results of this research showed the main challenges of applying research findings in Golestan province have four main dimensions. These challenges are in order of importance: Lack of financial credits, lack of budget and opportunities in the economic dimension, Giving less importance to research and the weakness of culture building in trusting the path-breaking of research, the lack of local experts and experts in the cultural dimension, Politicization of education and some legal loopholes in terms of law and politics, Inefficient management of the research field, lack of a coherent information system, lack of a long-term plan and vision for research, concentration of the educational system in the aspect of management and decision-making. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The effect of ethnic policies in the Islamic Republic of Iran on the process of convergence of ethnic groups in Golestan province
Mahmoud Abil masoud motallebi aa aaAbstractEthnic policy is a set of government strategies to regulate relations at three levels: intra-ethnic, inter-ethnic, and between ethnic groups and the government. The purpose of the research is the impact of ethnic policies on the convergence process of ethnic gro MoreAbstractEthnic policy is a set of government strategies to regulate relations at three levels: intra-ethnic, inter-ethnic, and between ethnic groups and the government. The purpose of the research is the impact of ethnic policies on the convergence process of ethnic groups in Golestan province. The research is applied in terms of purpose, quantitative in terms of data nature, and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the population over 18 years of age in Golestan province, whose number according to the 1395 census is about 1,250,000 people. The sample size based on Cochran's formula was 384 people, and the subjects were studied in the form of cluster sampling in the form of available samples. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, whose validity was based on the agreement of the judges and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis was done by spss26. The results of using the T-Test showed that the average score of the total convergence of the respondents based on the 6 historical, geographical, economic, social, cultural and political dimensions is 13.12 which is lower than the assumed average of 15, and this indicates that the policies of the Islamic Republic did not play an effective role in strengthening the convergence of ethnic groups in Golestan province, the ANOVA test results showed that there is no significant difference between the ethnic groups of Golestan province in terms of the degree of convergence.Key words: ethnic policies, convergence, Golestan province Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - The impact of social capital on the dimensions of national identity of the youth of eastern Golestan province
Abolfazl Hosseini Nia Azar Esandari Shahrazad Bazarafshan rahmatollah amirahmadiThe concept of identity as a social category is the most important psychological needs of human beings and the prerequisite of any social life, which has different dimensions and levels, including national, cultural, social, religious, civilizational, etc. This thesis a MoreThe concept of identity as a social category is the most important psychological needs of human beings and the prerequisite of any social life, which has different dimensions and levels, including national, cultural, social, religious, civilizational, etc. This thesis aims to study the impact of social capital on the dimensions of national identity of the youth of eastern Golestan province with a statistical population of 280 thousand people, 18-30 years old residents of eastern Golestan province, using the Georgian Morgan table with a sample size of 390 people by means of a questionnaire and The survey method has been studied. The findings of the research show that the average social capital in the studied community is 3 out of 5, which indicates that the social capital is higher than average. The results of the statistical tests show that there is a relationship between the social capital and the national identity dimensions of the youth. The relationship between social capital and the "national, ethnic, modern and religious" dimensions of youth social identity is medium and positive, but its relationship with the ethnic dimension of youth social identity is stronger and more positive. The results of the path analysis test also showed that the dimensions of social capital It has a direct and significant relationship with the respondents' social identity. According to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that social capital plays a key role in strengthening national identity, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Ecological indices of diversity, richness, dominance and evenness of zooplankton community at warm water fishes ponds at East of Golestan Province (Gonbade Kavous city)
مهرداد Kamali Sanzighi1 امیر رحیمی افشین قلیچیThe aim of this study was estimated the ecological indices of diversity, richness, dominance and evenness of zooplankton community of warm water fish ponds in Gonbade Kavous city at east of Golestan Province. The sampling was done during one culture period from June to MoreThe aim of this study was estimated the ecological indices of diversity, richness, dominance and evenness of zooplankton community of warm water fish ponds in Gonbade Kavous city at east of Golestan Province. The sampling was done during one culture period from June to November 2011. The results showed that, there is no significant differences between diversity, dominance and evenness ecological indices at 6 ponds observed (P>0.05) but there is significant differences between richness index at 6 ponds (P<0.05). Diversity, richness, dominance and evenness indices value ranged from 0.43-0.77, 0.25-0.61, 0.54-0.72 and 0.36-0.73 respectively. Although, the diversity, richness, dominance and evenness indices showed higher association in ponds 2, 1, 3 and 2 but the lower association occurred in ponds 3, 4-6 commonly, 2 and 1. The correlation analysis between zooplankton community and ponds water physico-chemical parameters showed that total density of zooplankton community had significant correlation with NO3, PO4 and P-PO4 -0.926, 0.939 and 0.952 respectively. Other ecological indices had no correlation relative with other ponds water physico-chemical parameters. The results showed that diversity, richness, dominance and evenness ecological indices of zooplankton community in fish ponds affected by ecosystem management, climate condition and grower fishes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Downscaling of satellite-based precipitation considering the spatially heterogeneous relationship between precipitation and environmental variables
Arman Abdollahipour Hassan Ahmadi Babak AminnejadThe satellite-based precipitation products are one of the sources of rainfall estimation. Nonetheless, for usage in the local regions and, or for parameterizing of meteorological and hydrological models at basin scales, their spatial resolution is often coarse. Therefor MoreThe satellite-based precipitation products are one of the sources of rainfall estimation. Nonetheless, for usage in the local regions and, or for parameterizing of meteorological and hydrological models at basin scales, their spatial resolution is often coarse. Therefore, in this study, a downscaling– calibration method was developed for global precipitation measurement (GPM) satellite estimates (at 0.1° spatial resolution), for one year from 01/04/2014 to 31/03/2015, by considering the spatial heterogeneity of the relationship between precipitation and the environmental variables using the mixed geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model for Golestan province. In obtaining improved precipitation data with 1 km spatial resolution at an annual scale, the results showed that (1) the proposed method not only improved the spatial resolution of precipitation but also increased accuracy; (2) the downscaled and calibrated precipitation data (CC = 0.74, bias = 0.23) performed better than the original data (CC = 0.58, bias = 0.35) against ground observations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Investigating the views of forest-dwelling communities regarding the causes of the fire crisis in the forests of Chehl Chai watershed in Golestan province
mouhammadreza shahraki ehsan zamanishourabi khadige mahdaviThis research is descriptive-applied and was conducted as a survey by stratified random sampling method. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The validity of the research tool was confirmed using the opinion of experts and specialists in this field, and its reliabi MoreThis research is descriptive-applied and was conducted as a survey by stratified random sampling method. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The validity of the research tool was confirmed using the opinion of experts and specialists in this field, and its reliability was examined based on the results of Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the main variables of the research (0.859). The statistical population of the research also included rural households in three villages of Deruk, Terse and Chamani in the Chehlchai watershed in the province (N = 400), and 200 people were interviewed as a sample size using Cochran's formula. Today, the role and importance of renewable natural resources, especially forest areas, is not hidden from anyone. Forest fire prevention or control is one of the main issues in forest resource management. Many factors are effective in the creation and escalation of forest fires, and the identification of each of them can play a significant role in the management of fire crisis as well as the sustainability of forest management. In this regard, the present research sought to identify the factors influencing the creation of the fire crisis as well as its escalation and development in the forests of the Oghan watershed in Golestan province. This research is descriptive-applied and was conducted as a survey by stratified random sampling method. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The validity of the research tool was confirmed using the opinion of experts and specialists in this field, and its reliability was examined based on the results of Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the main variables of the research (0.859). The statistical population of the research also included rural households in three villages of Deruk, Terse and Chamani in the Chehlchai watershed in the province (N = 400), and 200 people were interviewed as a sample size using Cochran's formula. The findings of the research indicate that the respondents with 74.5% income dependence on the forest, 57.5% were related to natural resources experts. The results showed that extreme dryness of plants and high air temperature, among natural factors, and the remaining of fire and charcoal in the forest and dropping lit cigarette butts in the forest, among human factors, are the highest with an average of 4.63 and 4.36, respectively. They have had the effect of causing fires in the forest. In addition, the respondents consider natural factors to be more effective than human factors in causing fires. As the results show, the type and density of vegetation, size of fire, season of the year, and fire prevention training for people, respectively, with the highest average of 4.77, 4.37, 4.59, and 4.32 of According to the respondents, they were evaluated as the most important variables in the escalation and development of fires in the forests of the region. Also, the findings show that the natural state of the fire site had the greatest impact and the manpower and firefighting facilities had the least impact on the escalation and development of the fire in the studied area. Considering the fire crisis in the study area, which is often derived from economic and social challenges, identifying the views and opinions of local communities in line with the causes and development of fire can help in crisis management planning. Fire should be used in the forests of the province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Autecological study of Bothriochloa ischaemum in Golestan province, Iran
Gh Abarsaji امرعلی Shahmoradi صدیقه ZarekiaStudying of autecology of Bothriochloa ischaemum with the aim to find and use the applicable information in rangeland improvement and development programs were carried out. The first was provided habitat. Then were selected two different areas (Tangrah and Gorgan) as st MoreStudying of autecology of Bothriochloa ischaemum with the aim to find and use the applicable information in rangeland improvement and development programs were carried out. The first was provided habitat. Then were selected two different areas (Tangrah and Gorgan) as study sites. Sampling was carried out by random-systematic method. The ecological characteristics (topographic, climatic, edaphic), canopy cover, density, frequency were investigated. Root system, phenology, preference value and Forage quality were measured. Result showed Bothriochloa ischaemum is grown in these sites as pure and homogeneous. The rainfall in tangrah and Gorgan sites are 866 and 533 mm and mean temperature is 15.66 and 17.8 degree centigrade. Bothriochloa ischaemum is grown on rocky regions and southern slopes 25-80% at 239-1660 m from sea. Soil studies showed that Bothriochloa ischaemum appears on soils with silt–loam and loam texture. Mean canopy cover in Gorgan and Tangrah sites are 88.5 and 78% and density is 1800 and 1600 in hectare. Root system is weaved intensity and it penetrates in the soils to 50 cm. Initial growth occurs end of February, flowering early July, seed ripening end of august and seed falling at the middle of September. Regeneration very good and germination percent is more than 80%. Thousand seeds weigh is 0.23 gr. Seed planting accomplished in original site and most of seeds germinated. This species is heavily grazing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - A study on the morphological and physiological traits of Stabragh (Calotropts procera L.) under drought and saline area of Golestan province
mostafa hamidi Saeid Navabpour abolfazl mazandarani ahad yamchi ali asghar nasrolahnejadStabragh belongs to the Asclepiadaceae family and is resistant to high levels of drought and salinity. Its organs have been used for the treatment of various diseases. In order to study the adaptation and stability of this plant under drought and saline conditions in Go MoreStabragh belongs to the Asclepiadaceae family and is resistant to high levels of drought and salinity. Its organs have been used for the treatment of various diseases. In order to study the adaptation and stability of this plant under drought and saline conditions in Golestan province, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, plant seeds were cultivated in Gorgan, Gonbad, and Aghghala under different degrees of salinity and drought in February, March and April during 2014 and 2015. Plant height, leaf number and area, leaf dry weight, and proline and chlorophyll contents were measured were significant on all traits. Important traits such as proline, chlorophyll, fresh weight, dry weight, and plant height were introduced as the most important traits during the growth season. Data analysis was done through combined analysis of randomized complete block design. Results showed that the effect of regions on plant height, leaf area and dry weight, and also proline content were significant. Also, the effect of year was significant only for height and number of leaves. Effects of planting date and sampling in the adaptation of stabragh to saline and drought environments. Gorgan was the most suitable area for cultivation. Variations in the cultivation dates led to changes in the plants’ level of adaptation and stability. The best planting date was April. The findings suggest that the plant can tolerate dry and saline conditions of the region and we can consider it as an alternative plant in arid and saline areas of the province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Ethnobotany and chemical compositions of essential oil from different parts of Tanacetum parthenium L. in Deraznoo mountain in south west of Golestan province
م Mazandarani Gh Naseri mb Rezaee s.m Kassaei This survey was undertaken in Golestan province in order to inventory of Tanacetum parthenium L. in traditional medicine for treatment of headache, cold, fever, menstrual, arthritis, anti infection and rheumatic pain. Flowers and leaves were collected in August More This survey was undertaken in Golestan province in order to inventory of Tanacetum parthenium L. in traditional medicine for treatment of headache, cold, fever, menstrual, arthritis, anti infection and rheumatic pain. Flowers and leaves were collected in August 2006 from Deraznoo Mountain in south west of Golestan province and were water distilled to produce the oils in the yields of 0.66% (v/w) in flowers and 0.12 % (v/w) in leaves, respectively. The oils were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. In two regions, the major components in flower essential oil were camphor, alpha- pinene and alpha- bissabolol oxid-B, but camphor, alpha-pinene and piperiton were the major components in leaves of this plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Variation bioactive metabolites of Tanacetum parthenium L. in two regions in North of Iran.
معصومه Mazandarani gh Naseri mb RezaeiTanacetum parthenium L. is one of the most important medicinal herbs, has been used by the rural people of Golestan province for sedative pain, fever, headache, arthritis, asthma, toothache and menstrual disorders.Variation in bioactive components of Tanacetum partheniu MoreTanacetum parthenium L. is one of the most important medicinal herbs, has been used by the rural people of Golestan province for sedative pain, fever, headache, arthritis, asthma, toothache and menstrual disorders.Variation in bioactive components of Tanacetum parthenium L. were studied and compared for their essential oil, flavonoids and alkaloids of different parts of plant in two geographical regions of this province. Results showed T. parthenium which originated from 2200m produced the highest essential oils, flavonoids and alkaloids, especially in leaves but with low quality and quantities and reduced in flowers. Further more stem have not any bioactive components in two regions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Antibacterial survey of different extracts of Peganum harmala L. different parts in North east of Golestan province (Inche Borun)
معصومه Mazandarani E.A Ghaemi فاطمه GhaffariPeganum harmala L. belongs to Zigophyllaceae family is one of the most important medicine plants with wild distribution in stepic and semi stepic of Golestan province. In this research, after phenology ethnopharmacological data obtained from turkman rural people. Differ MorePeganum harmala L. belongs to Zigophyllaceae family is one of the most important medicine plants with wild distribution in stepic and semi stepic of Golestan province. In this research, after phenology ethnopharmacological data obtained from turkman rural people. Different parts of plant were collected in May to late of September 2008 in dry stepic region of North east of Golestan province (Inche Borun). Aqueous, infusion and ethanolic extract were obtained by percolation method and their antibacterial effect was evaluated by disc diffusion and well methods. Inhibition zone after 24h incubation of 37 and their antibacterial activity were assessed by Pearson chi-square (P<0.05). Ethnopharmacological data in this research showed, it has been used by the Turkmen rural healers in North east of Golestan province as strong anti air infection, sedative, anti bacterial and skin inflammation to treatment fungal, gastro intestinal infection and dysmenorrhea. Ethanol extracts of root and seeds had the most efficacy against tested bacteria, especially in well method (P<0.001), another extracts had no any antibacterial effect. 78.8% of gram positive and negative bacteria (Bacillus licheniformis, Staphylococcus epidermisis, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus loteus, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysentria) were the most sensitive bacteria against ethanol extract, but gram negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Proteus loteus were the most resistant bacteria (P<0.001). Rural people were interested to take seed and smok for air disinfection, sedative and calming, can be a good candid for chemical analysis of antibacterial activity in animal and clinical models for formulation and production of natural antibacterial drug. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Phytochemical and antioxidant activity of Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz. essential oil in different habitats of Golestan province
Masoumeh MazandaraniTanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz. with a worldwide reputation as af ever reducer, pain reliever, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory has similar therapeutic uses in the natural habitats of Golestan province. In this research, to investigate the phytochemical and antioxida MoreTanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz. with a worldwide reputation as af ever reducer, pain reliever, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory has similar therapeutic uses in the natural habitats of Golestan province. In this research, to investigate the phytochemical and antioxidant properties the plant leaves were collected from two different habitats of Golestan province, 990 meters (Ziyarat) and Deraz Nu (2200 meters), located in the southwest of the province at full flowering stage (July 2018). Essential oils were evaluated and analyzed by using the water distillation (Celvenger apparatus) and GC/MS methods, respectively. Extraction was obtained by using maceration method, the total phenol and flavonoids as well as evaluation of antioxidant performance of the extract samples were measured using DPPH and spectrophotometry methods, respectively. Based on the results more than 30 compounds were in both samples, which accounted for 97.3% the camphor (43.12-54.8 %), camphene (6.9-10.04 %), bornyl acetate (6.06-3.1 %), 1-8-cineol and p-cymene (3.1-3.36 %) that were the most important components of essential oil in both habitats. With the increase in altitude in the habitat of 2200 meters the total flavonoid and total phenol increased up to 148.2 ± 0.7 mg GAE /gr and 218.7 ± 218.7 mg GAE /gr, respectively, while the highest antioxidant activity was also up to 89.5 ± 1.1% in DPPH free radicals. The findings shows that secondary metabolites was increased in high altitude habitats and this issue has been documented in the scientific documentation of medicinal uses of this plant in high altitudes as anti-inflammatory, pain reliever and treatment of infections. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Forsight of Golestan province tourism industry: scenario and Suggested solutions
zahra aldaghi abdolhamid ebrahimi samereh shojaee hossein didehkhaniThe purpose of this research is to Forsight of tourism industry of Golestan province with a scenario approach. This research is in terms of its purpose, in terms of the method, a combination of documentary and scrolling methods and in terms of nature, based on new metho MoreThe purpose of this research is to Forsight of tourism industry of Golestan province with a scenario approach. This research is in terms of its purpose, in terms of the method, a combination of documentary and scrolling methods and in terms of nature, based on new methods of futuristic, analytical, and explorative science. The statistical population of this research includes all theoretical and experimental experts. The non-probabilistic sampling method is using two methods for judging and snowball sampling. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire and an interview with experts. The results of the first stage led to the identification of five factors And 24 variables related to the future of the tourism industry in Golestan province. And in the results of the second stage of the research (the interaction matrix) based on the output of the Mick Mac application were identified 8 effective factors. The eight factors were used in uncertainty questionnaire Based on the twofold "uncertainty" and "importance" Four scenarios were identified and selected from the combination of two axes: "Tourism entrepreneurship" and "Tourism acceptance culture". Finally, there are suggested solutions for each scenario. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The role of geotourism attractions in attracting tourists to rural areas (case study of Golestan province)
hajar mazidi mohammadbagher masoudi Asieh pourkhederThe methodology employed in this research is descriptive-analytical with an applied goal. To gather information, both documentary (library) and survey methods have been utilized. The statistical population consists of 400 tourists who visited geotourism attractions in G MoreThe methodology employed in this research is descriptive-analytical with an applied goal. To gather information, both documentary (library) and survey methods have been utilized. The statistical population consists of 400 tourists who visited geotourism attractions in Golestan province, with a particular focus on locations such as Naftliche geysers, Qaniariq Tepe, Inche Barun, and Gamishan city in Golestan province during the year 1401. The sample size for this research was determined to be 197 individuals based on the calculation using Cochran’s formula. Cluster random sampling was the method used for selecting the participants. Data collection was done through the use of a questionnaire. To analyze the data, inferential tests related to the research objectives, such as binomial T-test and multivariate regression analysis, were employed. The research findings demonstrate that geotourism has a significant impact on various dimensions of sustainable tourism indicators (including economic, social, cultural, political, technological, and ecological aspects), as well as its ability to attract tourists to rural areas within Golestan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Identifying and Analyzing Indicators of Satisfaction of Tourists in Border Areas (Case study: Golestan Province)
sadegh barzegar vahid kiani Mohammad Baghar Masodi Amane Alizade GharjagheIntroduction: Today, the tourism industry, as one of the largest industries in the world, has an undeniable impact on the economic and social well-being of the host society. These conditions are very significant and important in areas such as Golestan province, which ha MoreIntroduction: Today, the tourism industry, as one of the largest industries in the world, has an undeniable impact on the economic and social well-being of the host society. These conditions are very significant and important in areas such as Golestan province, which have good capabilities in relation to tourism, and especially in its border areas. Therefore, it is necessary to plan and manage it purposefully.Aim of the research: The present article has been compiled with the aim of identifying and analyzing indicators for measuring the satisfaction of tourists in the border province of Golestan.Research methodology: The research method was descriptive-analytic and data collection was done by library and field method. Data analysis was performed using the Akama model, Kolmogorof-Smirnof test, Friedman test and factor analysis.Geographical area of the study: The geographical area of the study includes all tourist areas in the border areas of Golestan province.Findings and Discussion: Findings from the survey and measuring the dimensions of satisfaction showed that all the indicators are suitable indicators to assess the level of satisfaction of visitors. In this research, while revealing the attitude pattern of the research sample as a representative of tourists in Golestan province, the indicators affecting the level of tourist satisfaction have been identified in order of priority.Research results: The results of this study showed that five factors of being reliable, reliability, accountability, tangible elements and empathy index are effective in assessing the satisfaction of tourists. Also, among the indicators evaluated by Friedman test, the "confidence" index has the highest rank and the "empathy" index has the lowest rank. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Investigating the level of housing indicators in the cities of Golestan province
Mohammad Reza Salimi SobhanIntroduction: The favorable situation of the housing sector is one of the important indicators of social and economic development. Planning in the housing sector in order to achieve the desired situation requires identifying and analyzing the broad dimensions of this se MoreIntroduction: The favorable situation of the housing sector is one of the important indicators of social and economic development. Planning in the housing sector in order to achieve the desired situation requires identifying and analyzing the broad dimensions of this sector. One of the most important steps in housing planning is awareness and review of the current housing situation. One of the important ways to be aware of the current housing situation in order to plan housing is to use housing indicators. These indicators, on the one hand, indicate the quantitative and qualitative status of housing in each period of time, and on the other hand, are an effective guide for improving housing planning for the future (a key tool for charting the future of housing).Objective of the research: The present study is the ranking and leveling of the cities of the province using housing indicators.Research methodology: The approach of the present study is applied and the research method used is descriptive-analytical. In order to collect information from the documentary and library methods used and the required information of housing sector indicators, has been extracted from the results of the general population and housing census of 2016 in Golestan province. In order to analyze the data, TOPSIS technique and cluster analysis and in order to show the spatial levels of the studied cities, Arc Gis software has been used.Geographical area of the research: The geographical area of the present study is the cities of Golestan province, which includes 14 cities of Gorgan, Gonbad, Aq Qala, Bandar-e Turkmen, Minoodasht, Kalaleh, Azadshahr, Ramian, Aliabad, Kordkoy, Bandar-e-Gaz, Gomishan, Galikesh and Maraveh Tappeh.Findings and Discussion: The research findings show that among the cities of the province, the cities of Gorgan, Ramyan, Aliabad and Gonbad are among the most enjoyable and Maraveh Tappeh, Galikesh, Minoodasht and Turkmen are among the most deprived cities of the province in terms of indicators. Are housing.Results: The general conclusion of this study indicates that the distribution of housing indicators in the province is unequal and cities that are far from the center of the province have more inequality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Comparative assessment of tourism in the aim villages of Golestan Province
Khadije Buzar jomehri Mehdi modudi arkhodiUnemployment and lack of employment opportunities as the main problem in rural areas, while driving a significant portion of human resources in rural areas , has been imposed undesirable effects on population structure, social and economic urban and rural areas has been MoreUnemployment and lack of employment opportunities as the main problem in rural areas, while driving a significant portion of human resources in rural areas , has been imposed undesirable effects on population structure, social and economic urban and rural areas has been imposed. Status of agriculture in the future reflect the reality that, increasing employment in rural areas requires the development of industry and services sectors and therefore one of the main strategies to solve rural problems is, structural and functional diversification of rural economy. Rural tourism as an empowerment strategy and having comparative advantage can cause economic development through entrepreneurship and private investment, and create the necessary background for development of small and medium businesses. Precondition for the realization of this case is identifying the centers that have advantages of tourism attraction. This study has been done for identifying the potential for sustainable tourism in the aim villages of Golestan Province and prioritize them for necessary investments. This research is applied and based on the descriptive-analytical methods.The population of the study in clouds 30 relevant experts and 384 households determined by Cochran formula. Data collected have been possible through library resources and field survey and prioritization of villages based on (Topsis) model. Research findings shows that there is not an effective agreement between the level abilities of natural, cultural-historical tourism villages of zone, with the infrastructure level of them. On the other hand a significant correlation between the volume of tourist and infrastructure potential, shows that enjoyment of natural, cultural-historic potential of villages is not possible without improving infrastructure potential of them. Using topsis model and rating tourism capabilities was specified that from thirteen tourist villages in Golestan provinceZeearat village from Gorgan county, Pa qale from Ramian county and Afratakhte in Ali Abad county have the most tourism potential.to increase the number of tourists Of the goal villages improving the basic facilities and gradation of the accessibility have been suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Erosion zoning using EPM model in Golestan province
behrooz dehzad alireza shakiba amin hosseini asl khadije meshginThe main aim of the paper is to determine the erosion hazard using Experimental Model (EPM) in Golestan province. To achieve the aim, the model uses four different effective parameters such as watershed erosion coefficient (Ψ), land use coefficient (Xa), coefficient MoreThe main aim of the paper is to determine the erosion hazard using Experimental Model (EPM) in Golestan province. To achieve the aim, the model uses four different effective parameters such as watershed erosion coefficient (Ψ), land use coefficient (Xa), coefficient of rock and soil susceptibility to erosion (Y) and average basin slope (I). According to their importance to erosion, first the variables were classified to different layers and then standardizing operations on the layers were applied in GIS environment. Finally, combined layers were input in EPM and erosion hazard zoning map was produced. The results of the research showed that 57% area of the province is in extreme severe, 14% in severe, 5% moderate, and 24% in very low and low classes. The southern and northeastern parts of the province due to stones with low resistance and high slope are more sensitive to erosion. The results of the research also showed that in the north-west section of the area, despite a high sensitivity of geological formation to erosion, the rate of erosion is considered to be low because of lands with low slop. This case specifies the important of slop in making erosion rather than geological formation in the region Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Analyzing spatial distribution population in city hierarchies of golestan province (time period 1986-2006)
ایوب بدراق نژاد مجتبی حسین نژاد سمیه خسرویInresnt years nature and rate of population changes in the cuntry have caused first inharmenious urban population growth at the various sectious of time and secandly inharmenious distaribution of its growth in different provinces with notice to provincial conditio MoreInresnt years nature and rate of population changes in the cuntry have caused first inharmenious urban population growth at the various sectious of time and secandly inharmenious distaribution of its growth in different provinces with notice to provincial conditions and increasing and rapid growth trand. To clarifying many preblems such as causes and quality of relocation labor force and capital between cities , population high concentration in one region and decline in orders, studing urban network in urbanazation reserches has a considerable importence. In this regard with a quantitative- analytical opproach beased on statictical datas and library information this survey has analyzed urban network of golestan provinc Using spatial analysis such Rank-Zipf, Entropy coefficient, Varation coefficient, urban concentration and Primate city index, logarithmic distaribution , the distaribution Pattern of urban sethemamts indeues. Survey population includes all citys of the province golestan in three nose count from 1365- 1385 .Finding Reaserch are that urban concentration and Primate city index of the province have been increasing since 1375. RN index in the province golestan equals 1.75 which indicate random scattering with tendency to regulation pattarn. ResultS of the survey indicate that sustainable development and optimum urban and spatial hierarchy can be only attened by balanced distaribution of facilities and services and creation of equal opportunities for all cities of province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Study the Qualitative and Quantitative Indicators and Estimating Needed Home in Rasht City until 1400
ایرج غمخوار علیرضا کشوردوست رضا حسن پور پری موسی پور میاندهیMost cities of (our) country have been changed due to population increase in recent decades, and this reason has increased the importance of paying attention to urban and home planning. Thus home standard indicators are among the most key and important tools in home pla MoreMost cities of (our) country have been changed due to population increase in recent decades, and this reason has increased the importance of paying attention to urban and home planning. Thus home standard indicators are among the most key and important tools in home planning and with their study it is possible to define the effective parameters in home field and facilitating its planning and decision making. Quantitative indicators are family density, number of homes, family growth rate, density index of person per home, room average per home, room average per each family, individual average per each room. Research Qualitative indicators are as follows: forms of home occupation, types of building materials, facilities, equipment and quality of homes. Home situation is determined by studying the qualitative and quantitative indicators of home in Rasht. Based on findings of research during 1345-85 qualitative and quantitative indicators of home have been improved. In spite of all internal and external constructions in city, there are still 8331 homeless families based on comprehensive results of General Census of Population and Housing of Rasht city in 1385. According to population estimations, resident families in Rasht will reach 225244 up until year 1400 and family aspect decrease to 3.36. Assuming that the favorite density is 1.1 families per each home, then needed homes for satisfying population demands will be 191457 units. At the end, according to existing potential in urban suburb of Rasht (ruined places) it is clear that using maximum of these places with a proper progressive pattern, part of future needs inside the city will be satisfied. The research method is descriptive-analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Irrigation Water Pricing in Iran: The Gap between Theory and Practice
Morteza Tahamipour Mohammad Kavoosi Kalashami Amirhossein ChizariPricing policies play an important role in water demand management and its optimal allocation. Determining proper water price leads to optimal allocation of water especially in agricultural consumptions. Applying new subsidy targeting law in Iran which insists on pricin MorePricing policies play an important role in water demand management and its optimal allocation. Determining proper water price leads to optimal allocation of water especially in agricultural consumptions. Applying new subsidy targeting law in Iran which insists on pricing water based on its supply cost, will effects considerably on water resource management in agriculture sector. So, in this study, different Irrigation water pricing methods is investigated and proper irrigation water price is determined using survey data for 2010-2011 farming year in Golestan Province of Iran. At the first step using econometric approach, economic value of irrigation water in different agriculture crops is determined that shows demand side price for water. Then, supply cost of surface and ground water is calculated using accounting approach which shows supply side price for irrigation water. Finally, economic value and supply cost of irrigation water compared and different water pricing methods is evaluated. Results indicated that, weighted average of economic value and supply costs of irrigation water in Golestan province were 1795 and 1399 IRR per cubic meter, respectively. So, improvement of water demand and supply management could be achieved using price policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - The Attitude of Baloochs toward Social Justice in Comparison with other Tribes in Golestan Province
Habibollah Shahbazi Ghorban-Ali Ganji -
Open Access Article
47 - Food regim of wild Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Golestan Provise, Gomishan coastal area (Caspian Sea)
A. Vosoughi R. Mousavi Nodoushan E. Abbasi E. Zaree F. Alasvandi ToghyanThis research was conducted based on fishing season (autumn and winter) from October 2009 till March 2010 on 180 Wild Common carps (Cyprinus carpio) captured in the coast of Gomishan area in Golestan province,locate sout-east of Caspian Sea.Specimens were collected duri MoreThis research was conducted based on fishing season (autumn and winter) from October 2009 till March 2010 on 180 Wild Common carps (Cyprinus carpio) captured in the coast of Gomishan area in Golestan province,locate sout-east of Caspian Sea.Specimens were collected during 6 months (at least 6 times per month). All specimens were collected from beach seines in the field. Biometric parameters such as total length and weight were measured from all 180 collected specimens and registered in biometric forms. The autopsy was done and the guts were placed in 4 % formalin and transported to Biology Lab of Marine Science and Technology Faculty, North Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University. The the content of gut was emptied and examined. The gut relative length factor (RLG), gut vacuity Index (VI), gut fullness Index (GSI), frequency index (FP) of consumed food items & condition of factor (K) were determind. Statistical analysis was done using T-test and oneway ANOVA. Graphs were made software. The average of relative length of gut of all age groups (2+-10 years) was 1.67 ±0.11 cm; the results of statical tests were not significantly differents during various seasons (P> 0.05). The average of gut fullness index was 22.63 ±9.99; the results were significantly different during various seasons (P< 0.05). The (VI) was calculated 71.11%, which shows these species are abstemious. Gut content included Ploychaeta, Oligochaeta, Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Ostracoda, Foraminifera, Gobiidae fish remains, Invertebrate eggs, Crab and Parts of plants. Greatest value of (FP) among all age groups belonged to Polychaeta (63.89%).Values of the index showed no significant different in the period (P>0.05). Polychaeta(63.89%) were the main food (FI>50%); Bivalvia(35.00%) , Parts of plants(34.11%) ,Balanus(16.11%) , Crab(32.22%) , Fish remains(44.22%), Oligochaeta(11.67%) , Invertebrate eggs(42.78%) , Gastropoda(36.67%) , Trematod(25.54%) and Ostracoda(12.78%) were occasional food (10%<FI<50%) , Cumacea(6.67) , Amphipoda(2.78), , Foraminifera(3.33) were random food (FI<10%). The average of index of (K) was 1.39 during the period which shows good nutrition in Wild Common carp. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Detection of Fire-Prone Areas Using the PROMETHEE Decision-Making Method (Case Study: Watershed Basin of Shourdareh, Golestan Province, Iran)
Amirreza Mesbah Khadijeh Mahdavi Mahshid Souri Mohammad Reza Javadi -
Open Access Article
49 - Effect of Three Operation Systems of Contour Furrow, Pitting and Enclousure on Rangeland Improvement (Case Study: Golestan Province, Iran)
Abdollah Chamani Manijeh Tavan Seid Ali Hoseini -
Open Access Article
50 - Determination of Soil Salinity in Frankenia hirsuta L. Habitat (Case Study: Saline and Alkaline Rangelands of Golestan Province)
Ghasem Ali Abarsaji Mohammad Mahdavi Mohammad Hassan Jouri -
Open Access Article
51 - Determination of Sodium Chloride in the Plant Species of Frankenia hirsuta L. in the Saline and Alkaline Rangelands of Golestan Province (A Case Study of Inche-Shorezar Rangeland)
Ghasem Ali Abarsaji Mohammad Mahdavi Mohammad Hassan Jouri -
Open Access Article
52 - Effect of Grazing Intensity on Soil Density of Inchehbroon Rangelands (Golestan province, Iran)
Seid Ali Hoseini Adel Sepehri Hossein Barani Abdolreza Bahremand Manijeh Tavan -
Open Access Article
53 - Studying the Vegetation Changes of Natural Rangelands in Inche Shorezar of Agh Ghala, North Golestan Province, Iran
Seyyed Ali Hosseini Jamshid Khatir Namany Morteza Akbarzadeh -
Open Access Article
54 - The Study of Carnivorous Mammals Skull in Golestan Province
نصرت الله موحدی حاجی قلی کمی هومن شجیعیOne of the best ways for a good study about the carnivorous mammals is considering their skeleton system specially their skull; because the quantity of the skull is permanent. According to their teeth morphology and size of their skull, we can recognize their cheek. In MoreOne of the best ways for a good study about the carnivorous mammals is considering their skeleton system specially their skull; because the quantity of the skull is permanent. According to their teeth morphology and size of their skull, we can recognize their cheek. In this study, at first we should remove skin and muscle of the skulls, and then put them in 400C water with pepsin enzyme for about 5-6 hours .and then remove the remained skull muscle and wash it carefully. Then put it in hydrogen peroxide 50%; when skull become shine again we should wash it. The tools for this study are: collies, compass and ruler .in this case 25 skulls of carnivorous in Golestan province were studied. Results shows that these skulls are belong to five families: Felidae, Canidae, Ursidae, Mustelidae and Hyaenidae and belong to ten genders and ten types. Biometric tables, photos and maps prepared for each skull. Finally, with considering the wild life in Golestan Province, the skulls size of mammals in this province is bigger than the other ones in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Antibacterial Resistance Patterns of Escherichia coli Isolated from Broilers Colibacillosis of Broilers chicks in Golestan Province
پیام Haghighi Khoshkhoo ایمان Ali-NezhadThe aim of this study was to determinate the drug resistance patterns of avian E.coli isolates from cases of colibacillosis in Golestan Province, Iran. One hundred and fifty isolates of E. coli from pericarditis lesions (5 samples per farm and in 30 farms) submitted MoreThe aim of this study was to determinate the drug resistance patterns of avian E.coli isolates from cases of colibacillosis in Golestan Province, Iran. One hundred and fifty isolates of E. coli from pericarditis lesions (5 samples per farm and in 30 farms) submitted to the microbiology laboratory. After sampling and confirmation by biochemical reactions, the E.coli isolates were tested for their susceptibility to a panel of 15 antibacterial agents using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The drug susceptibility test showed that all isolates were resistant to Nalidixic acid, Erythromycin, Flumequine and were susceptible to Gentamicin and Ceftiofur. More than 80% of the isolates were resistant to Colistin, Tetracycline, Sulfadiazine + Trimethoprim, Enrofloxacin, Cyprofloxacin, Danofloxacin, Lincospectin, Difloxacin, Sulphachlorpyridazin + Trimethoprim and Doxycycline. There were 29 drug resistance patterns among 150 E.coli isolates. Eighty eight percent of isolates belonged to more than one pattern, whereas the rest (12%) of isolates, each isolate belonged to one pattern only. The results of this study confirmed the possibility of indiscriminate abuse and misuse of antibacterial agents in poultry industry and this could be dangerous for public health as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Investigating the Relationship between Knowledge capabilities and Orientation Entrepreneurship with Considering the mediating role of social capital in the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee of Golestan Province
حمید رضائی مهسا زمانیThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between knowledge capabilities and entrepreneurial orientation with Considering the mediating role of social capital. This is a descriptive-correlational study that was conducted as a survey. The statistical MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between knowledge capabilities and entrepreneurial orientation with Considering the mediating role of social capital. This is a descriptive-correlational study that was conducted as a survey. The statistical population included the staff of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Golestan province with a volume of 750 people and the sampling method was simple random. The sample size was 256 based on the Krejcie-Morgan table. To collect data, Knowledge Capabilities Questionnaires Patrick and Sonia (2009), Entrepreneurial Orientation Antonik and Hisrich (2003) and Social Capital Nahapit and Gushal (1998) were used. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and the construct validity was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis and the reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test and combined reliability. Then, the collected data were analyzed using Smart PLS software through correlation matrix, structural equation testing and model fit. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between knowledge acquisition and social capital. There is a significant relationship between knowledge creation and social capital. There is a significant relationship between knowledge storage and social capital. There is a significant relationship between knowledge distribution and social capital. There is a significant relationship between knowledge retention and social capital. There is a significant relationship between social capital and entrepreneurship orientation. Therefore, special attention to the capabilities of knowledge and social capital as a competitive advantage in the 21st century, will make the organization more successful in achieving its goals and leading to increase entrepreneurial capacity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Effect of irrigated rice cultivation on some physical and chemical properties of soils in Gonbad-e- Kavus, Iran
Ali Akbar Hosseini Shahla Mahmoodi Mohammad Hasan MasihabadiSoil waterlogging and puddling operations affect many soil parameters which may cause major changes in many soil properties. In order to evaluate the effect of irrigated rice cultivation on some physical and chemical properties of soils in Gonbad-e- Kavus, Iran, six pro MoreSoil waterlogging and puddling operations affect many soil parameters which may cause major changes in many soil properties. In order to evaluate the effect of irrigated rice cultivation on some physical and chemical properties of soils in Gonbad-e- Kavus, Iran, six profiles were dugged in rice cultivation areas, dryland cultivation, and pasture. These areas had identical conditions in terms of parent material, climate, and topography. After dissecting the profiles, a number of important parameters affecting soil quality including texture, structure, organic carbon percentage, percentage of neutralized solutes, saturated mud acidity, cation exchange capacity, and electrical conductivity were studied. Results showed that rice cultivation using puddling operation and waterlogging method changed many soil properties. Soil processes were intensified in the surface layer of lands under rice cultivation due to moisture and suitable temperature. It caused an increment in clay and CEC, and lime percentage was increased in deep parts of the soil, which led calcic horizons formation. Microbial activity in irrigated rice cultivation areas decreased pH in surface layer of the soil by increasing organic matter and carbon dioxide. The electrical conductivity of the surface layer of soils under rice cultivation was also more than that in dry cultivation and pasture, due to more water evaporation and salts remains. Therefore, rice cultivation decreases the performance of the plants which are in rotation with rice by creating limitation for them. Manuscript profile
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