Foreign Direct Investment

Open Access Article

1 - A Survey of the Relationship between Foreign Direct Investment, Clean Energy, Trade Liberalization, Economic Growth with Energy Demand in Iran
Ahmad Ali Asadpour Elena Eskeroochi

Energy is one of the most important inputs for development and production. Trying to efficient use of energy in all the advanced countries of the world is the most important factor for sustainable industrial development. Determine the relationship between economic growt More

Energy is one of the most important inputs for development and production. Trying to efficient use of energy in all the advanced countries of the world is the most important factor for sustainable industrial development. Determine the relationship between economic growth, foreign direct investment and trade liberalization in the energy, not only considerable political implications, but it is essential to achieve sustainable development goals.The present study investigated how foreign direct investment, clean energy, trade liberalization, economic growth are related to energy demand in Iran over 1976-2012. Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) and Vector Error Correction Model were used to determine long-term relationships. Empirical results indicated that foreign direct investment, trade liberalization, CO emissions, and economic growth are directly correlated with energy demand. In addition, the results from Vector Error Correction Model indicated the slow trend of adjustment towards equilibrium. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Foreign trade and foreign direct investment economic impact of the OIC Member States: Emphasis on management of import and export
Anayatulah Najibzadeh - Seyyed Rouhollah Seyyedi Mehdei Aram Bon Isaac Sediq Salekdeh

This study has investigated the effectiveness of trade and foreign direct investment on economical growth the countries belong to islamic conference members. According to Bhagwati event, economical growth will affect on foreign direct investment under economical strateg More

This study has investigated the effectiveness of trade and foreign direct investment on economical growth the countries belong to islamic conference members. According to Bhagwati event, economical growth will affect on foreign direct investment under economical strategies which has been examined since 2000 to 2012. Based on the obtained resources, economical openness plays a positive and meaningful role on foreign direct investment. Therefore, it has been recommended developed countries of islamic conference member have to utlize extroversion strategies in order to be more effective in these investments and exploitation of their benefits and also provide an appropriate condition for export. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - The effect of FDI on Economic Growththrough the Channel of Financial Development in the MENA region
مانی موتمنی فائزه آریانی

This study is to show that the financial development in the MENA region is animportant prerequisite for the impact of FDI on economic growth. For this purpose, thefinancial impact of FDI on economic growth for 15 countries in the region (Jordan,Algeria, United Arabic Em More

This study is to show that the financial development in the MENA region is animportant prerequisite for the impact of FDI on economic growth. For this purpose, thefinancial impact of FDI on economic growth for 15 countries in the region (Jordan,Algeria, United Arabic Emirates, Iran, Bahrain, Tunisia, Oman, Morocco, Egypt, Yemen,Turkey, Libya, Qatar Malta and Saudi Arabia) between 2001 and 2010 by the dynamicand static panel data models and generalized moments estimator (GMM) is evaluated.The results of this study show that, In the MENA region, the impact of FDI on economicgrowth through the development of financial markets is positive and significant. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - The Effects of Financial Liberalization on Market Capitalization Ratio
اعظم احمدیان مهدی تقوی

This paper evaluates the effects of financial liberalization on Market Capitalization Ratio, from 1990 to 2008, for a sample of 6 countries. These countries are of the MENA region: Egypt, Oman, Saudi Arabia,, Iran Islamic Rep, Jordan, Tunisia. We used the Foreign Direc More

This paper evaluates the effects of financial liberalization on Market Capitalization Ratio, from 1990 to 2008, for a sample of 6 countries. These countries are of the MENA region: Egypt, Oman, Saudi Arabia,, Iran Islamic Rep, Jordan, Tunisia. We used the Foreign Direct Investment as financial liberalization index. The finding shows that financial liberalization spurs Market Capitalization Ratio. Unfortunately this effect is low. Some of reasons are economic instability , visit constraint for foreign investment and securities expansion to them. Economic stability and substructure provisions and precaution for securities expansion to foreign investment are precondition to liberalization Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - survey of Economics factors affecting the absorption in the oil producer middle eastern countries
فرهاد غفاری جابر اکبری

Foreign direct investment entering the country in addition to financing investment projects, Accelerate the process of technology development, education, human capital increase productivity, improve quality and standards of the domestic goods, Expand trade with other co More

Foreign direct investment entering the country in addition to financing investment projects, Accelerate the process of technology development, education, human capital increase productivity, improve quality and standards of the domestic goods, Expand trade with other countries, reducing the unemployment and increase production in the host country. Given the importance of attracting this type of investment, in this study, the analysis of FDI and Algebraic and graphing and macro-economic indicators affected by it, Paid to economic factors affecting foreign direct investment in the oil producer middle eastern countries during the period (2010-1995) in the panel data econometric methods .The study shows that the results estimate the degree of economic openness, economic Security , has a significant positive effect on attracting foreign direct investment in the countries studied but market size and labor force alone, no significant effect on attracting foreign direct investment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The effect of foreign direct investment on environmental pollution in selected countries
فاطمه زندی سیما کلامی

During recent decades, as a result of globalization, we have witnessed unprecedeted increase in Foreign Direct Investment. Nevertheless, Foreign Direct Investment in pollutant industry is effective in inspiring the trend of economic growth, although it is known as one o More

During recent decades, as a result of globalization, we have witnessed unprecedeted increase in Foreign Direct Investment. Nevertheless, Foreign Direct Investment in pollutant industry is effective in inspiring the trend of economic growth, although it is known as one of the most important sources of disturbing the environment in the host country. In this respect, the main objective of this research is to explore the relation between FDI and the quality of environments (chemical pollution of water). To do so, firstly countries are divided in terms of development into two groups, including OECD countries and Non-OECD countries, and then using panel data method for period 1996-2007, the relationship between FDI and chemical pollution of water has been investigated. The results show that FDI inflows cause environmental problems in Non-OECD countries. In other words, the positive relationship between FDI inflows and pollution has been confirmed in these countries, while the negative relationship between the mentioned variables is confirmed in OECD countries.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Examining the Instability and Asymmetry Model of Attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Iran
کامبیز هژبر کیانی محمدرضا ناهیدی

In the past few decades several countries in the world have attracted foreign direct capital as one of the instruments needed for financing the increasing level of internal investment. In this connection, the economic conditions of host countries for increasing the leve More

In the past few decades several countries in the world have attracted foreign direct capital as one of the instruments needed for financing the increasing level of internal investment. In this connection, the economic conditions of host countries for increasing the level of FDI have been considered as an important factor in achieving their objective. In this study, the impact of some macro-economic variables on FDI is examined in detail in Iran. The period selected is 1352-1388 years and the econometric technique used in this article is the Generalized Auto-Regressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity(GARCH) for evaluating the conditions of instability and Power Generalized Auto-Regressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (PGARCH) for the conditions of asymmetry. The estimated results of  the model show that under conditions of instability, increasing the exchange rate has a negative impact on FDI, whereas raising labor productivity, protecting investment security and keeping the degree of openness of the economy has a positive effect on attracting FDI. The estimated outcomes obtained under the unstable conditions, due to the type of impact that the explanatory variables may put on the dependent ones, are similar with those under the stable short-run and long-run model with different effective coefficients[1] and that on the other hand they show a positive effect of the shock caused under the unstable conditions on net decrease in FDI. In sum, the results show the asymmetric effects of the shocks on net FDI.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The study of relationship between financial liberalization and economic growth at Middle East and South Africa
مریم خوشنویس اعظم احمدیان فاطمه مهربانی

This paper aims to delineate the dynamics of financial liberalization and economic growth in mena region (Middle East and North Africa) based on data entailing the period of 1996-2007, using group pooled technique. In doing so, the technique has employed some potential More

This paper aims to delineate the dynamics of financial liberalization and economic growth in mena region (Middle East and North Africa) based on data entailing the period of 1996-2007, using group pooled technique. In doing so, the technique has employed some potential and actual indicators of financial liberalization to measure the impact on economic growth of financial liberalization, for example, the flow of foreign direct investment has been used as a proxy for actual financial liberalization index. As such the paper has investigated the casual relation between economic growth and financial development on one hand and that of financial development and financial liberalization on the other hand. The result indicate that in the former case one way relation exist i.e. economic growth exert its impact on financial development but in the latter case no casual relationship has not been noticed. Moreover, it has been found that economic liberalization has rendered a positive impact on economic growth Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Investigating the Economic Growth Response of Developing Countries to Shocks Caused by Financial Development and the Accumulation of Human Capital
Sediqe Toutian Asadollah Mehrara Mohammad Ali Mahmoudi Hashemi

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Open Access Article

10 - The Effect of Information and Communication Technology and Foreign Direct Investment on Green Productivity in Iran
Behnaz Mashayekhi Kambiz Hojhabr kiani Farzaneh Khalili Farid Asgari

10.30495/jest.2019.36983.4354

Background and Purpose: Effective protection of the environment and optimal use of natural resources is one of the most important pillars of sustainable development. Green productivity is a strategy to increase environmental productivity and performance in order to soci More

Background and Purpose: Effective protection of the environment and optimal use of natural resources is one of the most important pillars of sustainable development. Green productivity is a strategy to increase environmental productivity and performance in order to social and economic development. The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) revolution has severely affected all countries in terms of economic, social, political, cultural aspects as well as security, employment, health, the environment, and many other macro variables; so that, the technology has become the main driving force of the world's economy and sustainable development in today's world. According to the importance and the impact of Foreign Direct Investment and Information and Communication Technology on green productivity, this paper uses the Johansen-Joselius coherent test of the relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Information and Communication Technology and the Green Productivity Index in Iran. Materials and Methods: The effect of Information and Communication Technology and Foreign Direct Investment on green productivity has been investigated in Iran using the Johansen-Joselius coherent test during the period of 1980-2013. Findings: According to the research findings, the Information and Communication Technology and Foreign Direct Investment have a positive and significant and a negative and significant effect of on the Green Productivity Index in Iran, respectively. Also, the vector error correction model shows that the adjustment process is slowing towards the equilibrium. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the obtained results, and considering the negative and significant effect of Foreign Direct Investment on green productivity, which could be as a result of increased pollution, it is suggested that is possible to provide a ground to improve green productivity by adopting policies to reduce the destructive effects of Foreign Direct Investment, including the replacement of green energy. It is also recommended that environmental regulations and standards be imposed upon the entry of Foreign Direct Investment which could be done with less environmental pollution. The effect of Information and Communication Technology index on Green Productivity Index is positive and significant in Iran. Therefore, it can be surely said that the use of Information and Communication Technology, as a solution for green productivity institutionalization is essential for implementing the continuous and effective process of green productivity improvement. It is also suggested to determine criteria, for the development and implementation of the green productivity concept, that fully cover the qualitative patterns of economic growth and development. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Productivity Growth with Emphasis on Human Capital and Institutional Quality in Iran: An Application of Wavelet Analysis.
Fatemeh Sadat Alavi Nazar Dahmardeh

The examination of correlation between foreign direct investment (FDI) and total factor productivity growth is one of the controversial issues in economy. Total factor productivity is one of the most important sources of economic growth in many countries, but it remains More

The examination of correlation between foreign direct investment (FDI) and total factor productivity growth is one of the controversial issues in economy. Total factor productivity is one of the most important sources of economic growth in many countries, but it remains at low level in Iran's economy. On the other hand, foreign direct investment can be effective in increasing productivity by transferring technology, provided that there are absorption capacities in the host country. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the idea that FDI in interaction with human capital and institutional quality, as absorptive capacities, has a significant impact on productivity growth. For this purpose, in this study, data from 1989-2017 period in Iran and continuous wavelet analysis in content software were used to provide a new insight into time-frequency analysis. The results show that FDI alone in the short and medium term stimulates productivity growth in a limited way. In terms of human capital and institutional quality, long-term foreign direct investment (over 6 years) has a direct and significant impact on productivity growth. According to the findings of the study, skilled human capital and institutional reforms are needed to attract foreign investment and influence its productivity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Glibalization and its impact on foreign direct investment in developing and develoed countries
Kourosh Shams Fraydoon Rahnamay Roodposhti Hashem Nikoomaram Zahra Pourzamani

The present study aims to study the effect of globalization on foreign direct investment. To do this, the data of 2001-2011 of twenty countries (Ten developing countries and ten developed countries), multi-variate regression and pooled data model are used. The results o More

The present study aims to study the effect of globalization on foreign direct investment. To do this, the data of 2001-2011 of twenty countries (Ten developing countries and ten developed countries), multi-variate regression and pooled data model are used. The results of study at developed countries showed that improvement of globalization index led into the increase of foreign direct investment in Iran and this increases the increase of growth capacity and development of country. Also, it improves capital market index and increases foreign direct investment in the country and also it collects capital in the country. On the other hand, the results of study in developing countries showed that improvement of capital market index led into the increase of foreign direct investment in the country and this collected capital in the country and improved good governance index and increased foreign direct investment. This also improves the wage of citizens and increases governance accountability. The growth of urban population leads to the reduction of foreign direct investment in the country and development conditions are not improved with the improvement of human resources. Also, improvement of GDP leads to the reduction of foreign direct investment in the country and this doesn’t increase growth and development. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Designing Investment conditions uncertainty index
Ezatollah Abbasian Tahmaseb Mazaheri Saied Sehhat Mehri Akbari

Economic uncertainty and foreign investment have always been the focus of researchers, policymakers and investors, but what has been overlooked is the measurement of economic uncertainty with a focus on foreign investment. Therefor the purpose of this study is to design More

Economic uncertainty and foreign investment have always been the focus of researchers, policymakers and investors, but what has been overlooked is the measurement of economic uncertainty with a focus on foreign investment. Therefor the purpose of this study is to design an investment conditions uncertainty index by identifying the economic factors affecting FDI inflows in the largest owners of gas reserves including. For this purpose, first the economic variables affecting foreign direct investment are modeled and identified using annual data from 1997 to 2017 of Russia, Iran and Qatar and the Feasible Generalized Least Squares method in the data panel. According to the results, GDP growth, inflation, real interest rate, stock market capitalization and trade openness have significant effect on foreign direct investment. After identifying influential variables, using monthly and seasonal data for the maximum available time period, after estimating the types of GARCH models and determining the optimal model for each variable, the optimal criterion of their fluctuations is calculated. Finally, using the obtained criteria and weighting based on the results of the panel model, Investment conditions uncertainty index for each country is constructed. According to the results, Trend of mentioned index clearly shows the fluctuations due to economic changes in different countries and its compliance with macroeconomic, monetary and fiscal policies adopted by governments, so that, it can be a useful guide for our country's policymakers, It also provides an appropriate scale for assessing the uncertainty of countries by policymakers, investors and researchers at macro and micro level. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - A game-theoretical approach to evaluating foreign direct investment in the manufacturing sector due to the economic and social index
Hamed Amini Morteza Rasti-Barzoki

The global increase in the volume of foreign direct investment in recent decades has been the focus countries on it. The effects of foreign direct investment in sustainability indices has led many researchers to assess various aspects of this type investments. In the Fo More

The global increase in the volume of foreign direct investment in recent decades has been the focus countries on it. The effects of foreign direct investment in sustainability indices has led many researchers to assess various aspects of this type investments. In the Foreign direct investment have two agents that are decision makers. They are the investor and the host country. So had to use the multi-agents decision makers’ methods for this kind of investment. This study for the first time examines foreign direct investment using game theory as an efficient tool in multi-agents decision-making. For this purpose has been paid to mathematical modeling and then using stackelberg game to solve the model in the different strategy. In Continue provide a numerical example and analyzed and finally, extracted Managements tips. The results of this study can be used as a decision support tool in the field of foreign direct investment.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Examining the relationship between development of Islamic Financial Systems and Foreign Direct Investment
Gholamreza Amini Khiabani Karim Hamdi

International business and corporations’ development are influenced by economic variables, so we are going to investigate the relationship between Islamic Financial System Development (IFSD) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) based on the methods named data panel More

International business and corporations’ development are influenced by economic variables, so we are going to investigate the relationship between Islamic Financial System Development (IFSD) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) based on the methods named data panel techniques including Panel Unit Roots, Panel Co-integration Test, Panel Multivariate Error Correction Model, and Panel Granger Causality. In this research, foreign direct investment related data are gathered from an informational package containing global development factors published by World Bank and UNCTAD informational database in 2015. Meanwhile, four indexes including balance, integration, acceptance, and continuity are available to analyze Islamic Financial System Development based on Islamic development bank latest reports. Result showed an analytical positive and meaningful correlation between foreign direct investment and Islamic Financial System Development during long term and short term periods. Moreover, other evidence explains Granger Strong Causality relationship between the two stated variables. Finally, in order to take more benefit, it is suggested that the exact rule and policy should be run and the fixed exchange rate should be stablished during a financial period.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - The impact of financial and money market developments on foreign direct investment in Iran
Gholamreza Zomorodian Farhad Hanifi Babak Mahboubi

Foreign direct investment is one of the most important economic variables that due to its features can have a positive impact on economic growth. It will be useful Identifying the factors effecting foreign investment in countries that have failed in good use of FDI. In More

Foreign direct investment is one of the most important economic variables that due to its features can have a positive impact on economic growth. It will be useful Identifying the factors effecting foreign investment in countries that have failed in good use of FDI. In this paper, we investigate the effects of financial markets (money and capital markets) on foreign direct investment in Iran’s Economy during the period 1350 to 1393 ; using the form of an econometric model and a Auto Regressive Distributed Lag method. The results show that firstly long-term balance for foreign direct investment is established. Second, In the short-term development of financial markets has a direct positive impact on foreign investment; This impression is confirmed in long term money markets, but the market will not be approved. Third, the real exchange rate and the development of money and capital market has a positive impact and Conversely, capital stock, tariffrates and the nominal wage index has a negative impact on foreign investors.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - The Impact of the Quality of Human Resources On attracting Foreign Direct Investment A Case Study of the South East Asian countries and Iran
Azam Asadnezhad Taghi Torabi Reza Radfar

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is of the major factors in the field of increasing international economic interactions. Utilizing this type of investment will lead into technology improvement, management skill development in order to improve the quality of domestic work More

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is of the major factors in the field of increasing international economic interactions. Utilizing this type of investment will lead into technology improvement, management skill development in order to improve the quality of domestic work labor, increasing domestic production standards, expanding export markets and transition into market economy. Hence, government plays a major role in order to make domestic industries and entrepreneurs to attract FDI (for capital or technology) This study evaluates the impact of the quality of human resources along with other factors such as currency exchange rates, openness, market size and economic stability on attracting foreign direct investment in developing countries of the South-East Asia (Thailand, South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and China) during 1995 to 2012 And Iran from 1980 to 2012.hence, the research model has been selected by implementing data panel for selected countries of South-East Asia. Moreover, time series has been used, in order to model the data for Iran to compare the results with the south East Asian countries models. The results show that in Iran and other developing countries, attracting FDI has direct relation with quality of human resource. Hence, it is necessary for the decision makers of the country to increase their focus on the development of human resource specially improvement of education and training level and scope in different age groups. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Absorptive Capacity Effects on the Relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Malaysia
Siti Norbaya Yahaya Mohd Hafiz Bakar Nusaibah Mansor Amiruddin Ahamat

10.22094/joie.2023.1999691.2115

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Open Access Article

19 - A Study of the Role of Productivity Managament and Foreign Direct Investment in Non-Oil Export in Iran
Mohammad Reza Nahidi Mehrnaz Hosein pour

Today, the level of a country's development is directly related to itsinternational trade volume. Using the export-oriented development strategy,countries can achieve growth in national production and therefore increaseemployment.The necessity to develop non-oil exports More

Today, the level of a country's development is directly related to itsinternational trade volume. Using the export-oriented development strategy,countries can achieve growth in national production and therefore increaseemployment.The necessity to develop non-oil exports in Iran's economy toachieve these goals and to solve the problems due to economy's dependenceon oil revenues, particularly in the current period is important. Developmentof investment and the growth in non-oil exports are important factors inrealizing national production goals. Accordingly, the role of science in theeconomy, due to creating expertise and improving the productivity ofproduction factors, has long had been the focus of attention. Therefore, thepresent study, by using time series data and Vector Auto Correction (VAR)Model, has tried to investigate the effects of the efficiency of productionfactors, information and communication technology, and foreign directinvestment on non-oil export growth during 1971-2008. The results confirmthe impact of the mentioned factors on non-oil exports and clarifies the waysto consider those factors with regard to trade policies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - The effect of Labor Productivity, Investment Security, Exchange Rate, and Economic Openness on Foreign Direct Investment in Iran under Stable and Nonstable Conditions
Kambiz Hojabr Kiani Mohammadreza Nahidi

The main Purpose of this study is to examination the effect of the main economic variables on the foreign direct investment in Iran under stable and nonstable conditions during 1973-2006. The study of stable conditions is based on Auto Regressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) More

The main Purpose of this study is to examination the effect of the main economic variables on the foreign direct investment in Iran under stable and nonstable conditions during 1973-2006. The study of stable conditions is based on Auto Regressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) models, and the study of nonstable conditions is based on Hitrosidacity group (GARCH) models. The study examines the effect of Positive and negative shocks on the net foreign direct investment under nonstable conditions. The results indicate the positive effects of labor productivity, economic openness and investment security, and the negative effect of the exchange rate on the net foreign direct investment under stable and nonstable conditions.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - Investigating the Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Renewable Energy on Environmental Disasters in OECD Countries
Abdulrahim Hashemi dizaj Zahra Faturechi Hamed Najafi

Today, economic growth and development in all countries, although positive and constructive goals appear, but has negative effects on other sectors and areas, including the environment. In recent years, a topic that has attracted much attention is the discussion of the More

Today, economic growth and development in all countries, although positive and constructive goals appear, but has negative effects on other sectors and areas, including the environment. In recent years, a topic that has attracted much attention is the discussion of the negative side effects of globalization and trade liberalization and its effects on environmental degradation. It has made the environment more obvious. On the other hand, energy demand and economic development are increasing due to the need to meet basic human needs and productivity. However, efforts to meet global energy demand have led to the use of unsustainable environmental energy resources that have had an impact on environmental degradation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of foreign direct investment in non-renewable energy on environmental degradation by examining the pollution shelter hypothesis in OECD member countries during the years 1990-2019. For this purpose, PMG ARDL test was used to obtain long-term and short-term relationships between research variables and Granger causality test was used to investigate the causal relationship between variables using composite data. Increased foreign direct investment in non-renewable energy and economic growth, along with education and population size, support the pollution shelter hypothesis, but foreign direct investment in renewable energy in OECD countries has rejected the halo hypothesis. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - عوامل موثر بر انتقال فناوری از طریق سرمایه‌گذاری مستقیم خارجی(FDI) شاهد تجربی: صنعت نانو فناوری ایران
حسین خسروپور مریم میرافشار

انتقال فناوری، علاوه بر کشورهای در حال توسعه، بسیاری از مجامع پژوهشی غرب را نیز به خود مشغول داشته است. از روشهای معمول برای انتقال فناوری، سرمایهگذاری مستقیم خارجی می&lrm;باشد. از آنجایی که تاکنون مطالعات خاصی در زمینه بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر انتقال فناوری از طری More

انتقال فناوری، علاوه بر کشورهای در حال توسعه، بسیاری از مجامع پژوهشی غرب را نیز به خود مشغول داشته است. از روشهای معمول برای انتقال فناوری، سرمایهگذاری مستقیم خارجی می&lrm;باشد. از آنجایی که تاکنون مطالعات خاصی در زمینه بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر انتقال فناوری از طریق سرمایهگذاری مستقیم خارجی در نانو فناوری صورت نگرفته است، بنابراین هدف از این مطالعه شناسایی موضوعات موثر بر فرآیند انتقال فناوری از طریق سرمایهگذاری خارجی است که پس از بررسی ادبیات انتقال فناوری و FDI، 26 متغیر اثرگذار برای سرمایه&lrm;گذاری مستقیم خارجی شناسایی گشت. پس از توزیع پرسشنامهای حاوی متغیرهای مذکور، میان طیف&lrm;های درگیر در سرمایه&lrm;گذاری مستقیم خارجی ، از تکنیک آماری تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی به جهت بررسی سوالات پژوهشی در زمینه اولویت شاخصهای مرتبط با ابعاد استفاده گردید که در نهایت 22 عامل عمده اثرگذار شناسایی و اولویت&lrm;بندی شد. در پایان بر اساس موضوعات شناسایی شده راهبردهایی جهت انتقال فناوری از طریق سرمایه&lrm;گذاری مستقیم خارجی پیشنهاد گردید.     Manuscript profile

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23 - The impact of economic sanctions on foreign direct investment in Iran: A fuzzy approach
Mostafa Elmimoghaddam Mostafa Shokri Yaqub Mahmoudian

10.30495/eco.2023.1987500.2760

Foreign direct investment stands as a crucial economic variable, influenced by various factors that contribute to its attraction. Empirical studies reveal that both visible and invisible elements play a role in shaping FDI in any given country, often eluding straightfor More

Foreign direct investment stands as a crucial economic variable, influenced by various factors that contribute to its attraction. Empirical studies reveal that both visible and invisible elements play a role in shaping FDI in any given country, often eluding straightforward inclusion in economic models. This research, recognizing the significance of this subject, delves into the impact of economic sanctions on the attraction of foreign direct investment in Iran over 44 years, employing a fuzzy approach. The findings underscore the substantial and moderate economic sanctions, characterized by high and robust fuzzy coefficients, exerting a notable negative effect on the allure of foreign direct investment in Iran. Additionally, the study reveals that variables such as the budget deficit, inflation rate, mild economic sanctions, adverse exchange rates, alongside factors like gross domestic product, economic openness, domestic interest rates, foreign direct investment with interruptions, governance quality index, and the effective tax rate on company profits, have exhibited a positive influence on the attraction of foreign direct investment in Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Effective Factors on Absorbing Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in MENA Region
Sanaz Khatabi Akbar Komijani Teymour Mohamadi Abbas MemarneJad

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effective factors associated with FDI inflows to MENA region (11 selected countries in Middle East and North Africa).  The two-stage least squared pooling method was used for selected MENA countries to a More

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effective factors associated with FDI inflows to MENA region (11 selected countries in Middle East and North Africa).  The two-stage least squared pooling method was used for selected MENA countries to analyze the data for 2002-2014.  Based on the results of analysis, positive effect of economic growth, rate of inflation, and market openness and a negative effect of good governance on foreign direct investment obtained.  The results, also, showed that countries with fixed exchange rate regime were more successful in attracting FDI inflows. Based on the findings of this study, and to attract FDI inflows, MENA member countries should implement policies aimed at, improving public’s perceptions of governance, decreasing the inflation, increasing economic growth, creating stable foreign exchange rate regimes, and increasing trade openness. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - The Effect of Manufacturing Products and Foreign Direct Investment on Co2 Emission in D8 Countries
Mohammad mehdi Barghi oskoee Firooz fallahi Sona zhendeh khatibi

In this research, we will study the effects of different variables such as energy consumption, manufacturing products, foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic development on the emission of Co2 in D8 countries during 1990-2007 as an econometric model estimated by u More

In this research, we will study the effects of different variables such as energy consumption, manufacturing products, foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic development on the emission of Co2 in D8 countries during 1990-2007 as an econometric model estimated by using Panel Data and GMM. The results represent that, in Fixed Effect method, all variables under the examination except FDI have a positive and significant effect on Co2 emission. In GMM, all variables estimated are positive and significant too.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Analyzing the effect of foreign direct investment on economic growth in developing countries
Mahnaz Rabiei Maryam Behifar Ghasem Azadi Ahmadabadi

In many developing countries, faced with the need to promote and strengthen the economy's long-term access to new technology, management know-how in many cases significantly associated with lack of resources, have floundered. Strengthen the local economy with a potentia More

In many developing countries, faced with the need to promote and strengthen the economy's long-term access to new technology, management know-how in many cases significantly associated with lack of resources, have floundered. Strengthen the local economy with a potential role in the shortage of foreign direct investment on economic growth in these countries is long-term. Therefore, this article tries to account 17 during the period 1990 to 2019 to analyze the impact of developing country foreign direct investment on economic growth in these countries will be discussed.In this study, the effect of labor variables, gross domestic fixed capital formation, the rate of economic openness and foreign direct investment on economic growth is estimated to selected countries.Also, although initially positive effect of FDI on economic growth, but this effect was reversed a year break and have a negative impact on the economy, which could be due to leakage of finance, technology, communications, human resources and vulnerability to be closed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Investigating the Factors Affecting Foreign Direct Investment Involvement with Emphasis on Institutional and Structural Variables in OPEC Selected Countries
Azin Sadat Ostadramezan Maryam Bazraei Mojtaba Karimi

In the new literature, the role of institution quality in economic development has been considered. The distribution of foreign direct investment, as well as how it is absorbed and its impact on the economies of the countries is strongly influenced by the quality of ins More

In the new literature, the role of institution quality in economic development has been considered. The distribution of foreign direct investment, as well as how it is absorbed and its impact on the economies of the countries is strongly influenced by the quality of institutions and the economic, political and host country's position. In the present article, the impact of institutional and structural variables on attracting foreign direct investment in the selected OPEC member countries is conducted using the Generalized Torque (GMM) dynamic panel method from 1998 to 2012. The results indicate a positive and significant effect of good governance and natural resources on attracting foreign direct investment. Also, the results of the model's estimation show that natural resources have a dominant influence on the relationship between direct governance and foreign direct investment; in other words, due to the impact of natural resources, good governance in selected OPEC countries does not facilitate the flow of direct foreign investment, but rather Reducing the attraction of foreign direct investment also Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - The Corruption Effect on Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries
عبدالرحیم کردی مهدی خدا پرست مشهدی

A country's investment environment is affected by Political, Institutional, and Economic Factors. These factors are determinants of quality of institutional environment across countries. Corruption often viewed as consequence of inappropriate institutions. Results of Mo More

A country's investment environment is affected by Political, Institutional, and Economic Factors. These factors are determinants of quality of institutional environment across countries. Corruption often viewed as consequence of inappropriate institutions. Results of Most studies show that high cost and uncertainty created due to corruption affect attractiveness of host country to investors and destroys incentives for foreign investment. Yet, some studies could not find significant relationship between the corruption and foreign direct investment flows. Regard the lack of experimental study, the present research highlight the relationship between subcomponents of corruption and the flows of foreign direct investment in developing countries. The result of regression using panel data of 50 countries for time period 1996 – 2012, show that different forms of corruption have separately effects on the flows of foreign direct investment. So, corruption in the field of import/export permits has a positive and significant impact on FDI inflows, whereas corruption in the fields of annual tax payments, access to public utilities and judicial decisions have negative impact on FDI.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - The Effects of Doing Business Improvement on Export and FDI Absorption (case study some selected countries in G77 )
ابو الفضل شاه آبادی یونس سلمانی سید آرش ولی نیا

  Abstract In modern literature of international trade, institutional function and issuing efficient regulation from trade perspective are considered as the major reasons for economic development of the countries. Foreign direct investment (FDI) accumulation and More

  Abstract In modern literature of international trade, institutional function and issuing efficient regulation from trade perspective are considered as the major reasons for economic development of the countries. Foreign direct investment (FDI) accumulation and export are the key determinant of foreign trade which lead to economic development in some countries. In this study, the effects of improving the Doing Business and other variables on FDI accumulation and export have been investigated between 2006 and2012 in G77 countries. The key factors in accumulation of FDI include: Doing Business, plenty of natural resources, Good Governance and Economic Freedom. Moreover, the determining factors in export development are as follows: Doing Business, accumulation of FDI and real foreign currencies exchange rate. The results further indicate that improvement of Doing Business and Good Governance has a positive relationship with accumulation of FDI; however, plenty of natural resources have a negative relationship with accumulation of FDI. The results of this study show that improvement of Doing Business, accumulation of FDI and real foreign currencies exchange rates have a positive relationship with the export development of selected G77 countries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - An Investigation of the effects of transportation infrastructure on foreign direct investment in Iran (5874-2117)
Armin Rajabzadeh Mina Mahjoub laleh Mohammad Reza Abbasi Astamal

Strong infrastructure cause reduction in transportation costs that this reduction is a motivation for entering regional and multinational firms and attraction of foreign investment. The aim of this research is to study the effect of transportation infrastructure on fore More

Strong infrastructure cause reduction in transportation costs that this reduction is a motivation for entering regional and multinational firms and attraction of foreign investment. The aim of this research is to study the effect of transportation infrastructure on foreign direct investment in Iran during 5874-2117. By using time series econometric measuring; Johansen Co integration method the long-run relationship has been investigated and according to Error Correction method the short-run relations have been studied. The results show that transportation infrastructure has significantly and positive effect on foreign direct investment by coefficient of 2ه22. But in short-run there is no causative relationship between capital stock of transportation on foreign direct investment Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - تأثیر عوامل مؤثر بر جذب سرمایه‌گذاری مستقیم خارجی با تأکید بر متغیرهای نهادی و ساختاری
غلامرضا گرایی نژاد علیرضا دقیقی اصلی آذین سادات استاد رمضان

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Open Access Article

32 - Effect of Domestic Investment and doing business index on foreign direct investment in selected country
Negar Jafari Fesharaki Abbas Memarnejad seyed shamseddin hosseini kambiz hojabr kiani

10.30495/fed.2024.709357

Abstract Investment is one of the main component of aggregate demand in economy which plays a crucial role in the economic fluctuations and economic growth of each country So economist and policymakers focused on interpret of Investment behavior.  One of the most More

Abstract Investment is one of the main component of aggregate demand in economy which plays a crucial role in the economic fluctuations and economic growth of each country So economist and policymakers focused on interpret of Investment behavior.  One of the most important factors in the decision to invest in both domestic and foreign investment is the existence of a secure environment. in other words, the most important factors is the proper investment environment and what has been interpreted as the ease of doing business. In such a way that improving the ranking of countries in business environment indicators is one of the prerequisites for attracting domestic and foreign capital and as a result investment. The main goal of this study is to investigate the effect of indicators of ease of doing business and domestic investment on foreign direct investment in selected countries. For this purpose, based on the division of the World Bank, four groups of countries are considered by their income level, including low-income countries, lower middle-income countries, upper middle-income countries and high-income countries, and the effect of domestic investment and indicators of ease of doing business have been evaluated using a Panel data model. The result shows that the level of development of countries and their income influences the magnitude and effect of domestic private investment and indicators ease of doing business on FDI. In a low-income, lower middle income and high-income countries, the effect of investment on foreign direct investment is positive, and in the upper middle countries, this has a negative effect. Meanwhile, the effect of each indicator of ease of doing business on foreign investment varies depending on the income level of countries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - The role of intellectual property,ruled and agreements in Iranian FDI attraction, with a focus on technology transfer
seyyed mohammad ali akrami rad Zadollah Fathi hemid tabaiezadeh fesharaki

AbstractIntellectual property (IP) is one of the factors influencing the attraction of foreign direct investment (FDI). Even though previous research has focused extensively on the relationship between FDI attraction and intellectual property, the categories of technolo More

AbstractIntellectual property (IP) is one of the factors influencing the attraction of foreign direct investment (FDI). Even though previous research has focused extensively on the relationship between FDI attraction and intellectual property, the categories of technology transfer, governments' legal protection, and membership in international conventions have received less attention. Therefore, the present study seeks to explain how IP and legal protections contribute to FDI attraction, focusing on technology transfer. This study included 1236 managers and macro-planning experts in the statistical population. According to Krejcie and Morgan's table, 213 individuals were included in the study. A simple random sampling method was used to select respondents. A questionnaire was used for data collection. Data analysis was conducted using the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) technique. It was found that IP plays a multidimensional role in FDI attraction. According to the findings, IP facilitates the attraction of FDI through technology transfer. Furthermore, the results indicate that adopting international laws and agreements (e.g., membership in conventions) plays a significant role in attracting FDI.Keywords: foreign direct investment, FDI, intellectual property, IP, technology transfer Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - The effect of capital, commodity and services markets on foreign direct investment, in developed and developing countries
Kourosh Shams Frydoon Rahnamay Roodposhti hashem nikoomaram zahra pourzamani

As a critical key point of development all over the world, investment has been an arguing issue for years, the importance of economical achievements has been reflected in different markets especially financial ones. In this study the effect of markets -capital, commodit More

As a critical key point of development all over the world, investment has been an arguing issue for years, the importance of economical achievements has been reflected in different markets especially financial ones. In this study the effect of markets -capital, commodities and services - on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has been surveyed in all countries listed in Word Bank (WB). Considering statistical population, among the countries, membered in world bank, 10 developed and also 30 developing countries which had the most adequate data, were selected as sample . The 22-year data of these countries (since 2000 till 2021) were investigated for data analysis. Multivariable regression and panel data has been used for statistical hypothesis testing. Findings of this study showed that the capital market index had significant and direct effect on foreign direct investment in selected countries, meanwhile Gross National Production had significant and also negative effect on FDI. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - The Effect of Foreign Direct Investment on Domestic Private Investment in Iran (In Two Sectors of Building and Machinery)
Roohollah Babaki Mahnaz Efati

The effects of foreign direct investment in host countries are one of the topics discussed in economics. By studying of the impacts of foreign direct investment on economic development, a key question is that attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) has a positive eff More

The effects of foreign direct investment in host countries are one of the topics discussed in economics. By studying of the impacts of foreign direct investment on economic development, a key question is that attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) has a positive effect on domestic investment or not; in other words, have they complementary or substitute effects. Therefore, in this paper, the impact of foreign direct investment on domestic private investment has been investigated in two sectors of building and machinery in Iran by using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method between 1970 and 2020. The results of this study show that the foreign direct investment has a positive and significant effect on private investment in both sectors of building and machinery. So, foreign direct investment could be a complement commodity for domestic private investment in Iran Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

36 - Estimation of the Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Trade Flows of Industrial Sector in OECD Countries
K. Azarbayejani H. Karimi-Hasnicheh S. Nagheli

Foreign direct investment(FDI) can increase the capacity for producing export goods.The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of FDI to industrial trade flows (ITF) in the OECD countries by using gravity model and pooled data for the years of 2000 to More

Foreign direct investment(FDI) can increase the capacity for producing export goods.The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of FDI to industrial trade flows (ITF) in the OECD countries by using gravity model and pooled data for the years of 2000 to 2007. The results showed that there was a positive and statistically significant relationship of FDI to ITFin the countries under study. Also, such other factors as national income and size of population had positive and statistically significant effects on ITF. Geographical distances had negative effects, however. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

37 - Effects of FDI and Institution Quality on Domestic Investment in Iran Outlook Document Countries
Karam Jafari parviz khanloo

According to importance of foreign direct investment effects on domestic investment financing, growth and development, countries attempt to attract foreign direct investment by creation of infrastructures. But literature indicates that foreign direct investment can affe More

According to importance of foreign direct investment effects on domestic investment financing, growth and development, countries attempt to attract foreign direct investment by creation of infrastructures. But literature indicates that foreign direct investment can affect domestic investment negatively. However, a key question is whether foreign direct investment crowd in or out domestic investment, and how foreign direct investment affects domestic investment in good governance and political freedom situation? So that, the aim of this paper is to research effects of foreign direct investment and good governance and political freedom on domestic investment in IRAN outlook documents countries by GMM model in 1996-2016 periods. Detected results indicate that foreign direct investment has crowding out effects on domestic investment in model without good governance and political freedom and model with political freedom index. In the model with good governance index foreign direct investment has neutral effect on domestic investment in IRAN outlook documents countries.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - The Miderating Effect of Bilateral Investment Treaty Stringency on the Relationship between Political Instability and Subsidiary Ownership
mostafa heidari haratemeh

10.30495/afi.2022.1947757.1079

Developed industrialized countries use bilateral investment treaties to protect the rights of companies when investing in uncertain markets but developing and emerging countries are concluding BITs to attract more foreign direct investment and compete for a larger share More

Developed industrialized countries use bilateral investment treaties to protect the rights of companies when investing in uncertain markets but developing and emerging countries are concluding BITs to attract more foreign direct investment and compete for a larger share of FDI. a range of developing and newly industrialized countries with a sample of 156 in a 15-year period from 2004 to 2019 with an average of 3 new foreign investments per year were selected and analyzed using binary logistic regression. The results showed: a) The effect of political instability variables and BIT stringency is not significant in non-interactively, but interactively with increasing political instability, BITs reverse the priorities of MNEs to choose majority ownership over minority ownership. b) At higher levels of political instability, greater BIT stringency increases the likelihood of increasing MNE selection from stocks. C) The stringency of BIT acts to moderate the relationship between political instability and the choice of sub-ownership in host countries. And more stringent BIT, as political instability increases, encourages the MNE to choose majority ownership over minority. Thus, more stringent bilateral investment treaties encourage multinational corporations to choose majority stocks as political instability increases. Manuscript profile

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