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Open Access Article
1 - The environmental effects of Uromieh lake road
نادر Habibzadeh منصور BadrifarUromieh lake, located in the interface of West Azarbaijan and East Azarbaijanprovinces, is one the unique habitats in all around the world creating breathtaking andpicturesque landscape in this area. The instruction of a suitable road, consideringenvironmental issues, c MoreUromieh lake, located in the interface of West Azarbaijan and East Azarbaijanprovinces, is one the unique habitats in all around the world creating breathtaking andpicturesque landscape in this area. The instruction of a suitable road, consideringenvironmental issues, can turn this region to one of the tourist attraction centers inIran. By the way, apart from the foregoing advantage this proceeding will facilitatetransportation between capital cities of two important provinces, namely WestAzarbaijan and East Azarbaijan thereby pave the way for the progress of this region.However even though, considering the vulnerable and sensitive ecosystems, theimplementation of this project will result in some deleterious effects from theviewpoint of environmental and social-economic aspects. Therefore, environmentalimpact assessment of this project is really inevitable. In this research theenvironmental threats related to this project along with the effects of Uromieh lakewatershed on the construction of this road have been examined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Evaluating of planning process and regional impacts national construction plan (Case study ;Kārūn-3 Dam)
رحمت الله Farhoodi مجید AbdolahiMain efforts for executing national prosperity and construction plans includes,programming, budget securing, operation& monitoring; are usually handled bygovernmental department. Because of national targets and necessity of executing basicprograms with regard to str MoreMain efforts for executing national prosperity and construction plans includes,programming, budget securing, operation& monitoring; are usually handled bygovernmental department. Because of national targets and necessity of executing basicprograms with regard to strategic action plans in national development; large scale andnational projects should be programmed by government.For this point of view and up to down programming procedure in performingsuch plan, causes enormous change in local, regional and also national geographicalboundrise.Dam constructing is one of the government development program in order toprovide water for drinking and agriculture. These projects have many environmental,economical and social impact in local scale.In iran kārūn- 3 dam plan ,generates electricity, control flood water in upper basinyield and also provide fresh water for agriculture targets. The plan fesibility studybegan in 1961 and was exploited in 2003.The following paper not only evaluates Kārūn-3 dam planning process with dueattention to planning theory, but also make clear the project impact in regional andlocal scales. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - An economic model for food packaging waste management with a sustainable development approach
avideh Asadollahi Hamid Tohidi Ahmad ShojaBackground and Objective: Today, food packaging waste management is a challenge on a global scale that has faced many economic constraints in developing countries. If this waste is not managed properly, it will have irreparable consequences on the quality of the environ MoreBackground and Objective: Today, food packaging waste management is a challenge on a global scale that has faced many economic constraints in developing countries. If this waste is not managed properly, it will have irreparable consequences on the quality of the environment and human health. The purpose of this paper is to select sustainable scenarios for packaging waste management based on product design. Material and Methodology: In this research, by simulating a mathematical model, the costs of waste management scenarios and at the same time the detrimental effects on environmental quality and human health have been minimized. The proposed model, which can be used in various industries, has been implemented using binary genetic optimization algorithm, taking into account the design details, life cycle analysis and end-of-life options (in the form of 9 management scenarios). Findings: In general, estimating the optimal solution of the proposed model in each product group, shows the winning scenario appropriate to the optimal design alternative, which is an economic option with the least destructive effects on the environment and human health. The results of model implementation for a real example show in seven product groups defined four scenarios (25% source reduction, 25% recycling and 45% incineration and only 5% landfill) and scenario five (source reduction by 60% and incineration of 30% of waste and 10% landfill) are the winning options for optimal designs in most product groups. Discussion and Conclusion: The simulated model helps manufacturers to have a proper estimate of the environmental and economic consequences of the designed product. This research also enables decision makers and policy makers to achieve the goals of sustainable development, by legislating more manufacturers to accept responsibility for end-of-life management of their products as well as municipalities to set up a network. Encourage urban waste management systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Application of Life Cycle Assessment Method to Compare Environmental Impacts of a Green Roof and a Normal Roof
Elma Mohammadi Seyed Hamed Mirkarimi Marjan Mohammadzadeh Introduction: Green roof is one of the options to improve environmental problems of urban areas. Meanwhile there are some worries about the environmental impacts of creating green roofs, as despite the benefits of vegetation, some layers of green roofs like wate More Introduction: Green roof is one of the options to improve environmental problems of urban areas. Meanwhile there are some worries about the environmental impacts of creating green roofs, as despite the benefits of vegetation, some layers of green roofs like waterproof membrane, are made from polymers. In this survey, environmental impacts of an extensive green roof in its lifetime were compared with a normal roof. Materials and Method: In this survey, life cycle assessment method was used. Since there are various methods to implement a green roof, first different methods of implementation and different materials that can be used in its layers were studied and collected. Then some of these methods were chosen to investigate their environmental impacts in order to find the optimized option to create a green roof. On the next step, life cycle assessment of optimized option and normal roof was conducted. The open LCA software was used to compare environmental impacts of different implementing methods, and also optimized option and normal roof. Results and Discussion: Results showed that the green roof has less environmental impacts than normal roof, during its lifetime. In addition, it was indicated that in some impact categories that the environmental impacts of green roof was more than normal roof the reason was using PVC and geotextile (glass fiber and polyester) in its layers. Results of this paper can be improved by measuring benefits of creating a green roof (such as reducing quantity and quality of run off amounts), and also using materials with less environmental impacts in green roofs layers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Geopolitical and environmental study of artificial islands in the Persian Gulf (From the perspective of international law)
sona ghasemi Seyed-Abbas Poorhashemi ali zare parvin farshchi hermidas bavandAccording to the 1982 convention of the seas, constructing artificial islands is permitted, and countries can build artificial islands in their own territory. However, creating artificial islands in the Persian Gulf area makes the countries in the region, especially Ira MoreAccording to the 1982 convention of the seas, constructing artificial islands is permitted, and countries can build artificial islands in their own territory. However, creating artificial islands in the Persian Gulf area makes the countries in the region, especially Iran, pursue the issue more sensitively. Moreover, according to principles of International Environmental Law, the countries that construct artificial islands should provide other countries with the required information regarding the construction and properties of their own artificial islands.Today, artificial island construction is being increased, and this has caused many environmental crises, including the increase of water darkness and pollution and transport of coastal sediments. This article analyzed the destructive impacts of constructing artificial islands in the Persian Gulf environment, the effect of development of new land space from geopolitical view, and building artificial islands from the viewpoint of International Law of the seas are being reviewed. Moreover, because the notion of governance in modern International Law has been modified regarding the use of the environment and sustainable development, the countries constructing these islands and coastal countries will have limited rights to build artificial islands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Thermodynamic and Environmental Simulation and Analysis of Tehran Petroleum Refinery Power and Steam Plant
Mohammad Hasan Khoshgoftar Manesh Mohammad TolamiBackground and Objectives: Oil refineries are the most energy-intensive industries and produce a lot of pollutions. So, thermodynamic simulation is important for performance analysis of equipment, estimation of emissions and environmental impacts. In this paper, simulat MoreBackground and Objectives: Oil refineries are the most energy-intensive industries and produce a lot of pollutions. So, thermodynamic simulation is important for performance analysis of equipment, estimation of emissions and environmental impacts. In this paper, simulation and thermodynamic and environmental analysis of Tehran refinery power and steam plant have been studied. Method: In this regards, two scenarios for performance improvement of steam and power system have been proposed for Tehran refinery. Thermodynamic simulation of each main component has been performed in Matlab Environment. To verification of simulation results, Thermoflex and Star software have been employed. Also, Sima Pro software has been used for estimation of environmental impacts based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Findings: Results show the accuracy of the thermodynamic simulation is very high. The power of steam turbines has been increased by 8.87 % in the second and third scenarios. Also, the environmental impacts have been reduced 16 % in second and 60% in third scenarios. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the proposed scenarios and optimization of Tehran Refinery steam network, the efficiency of the network increases energy consumption and production of pollutants is significantly reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - A Survey of the Production of Paste Tailing in Agh-Darreh gold beneficiation complex and its Environmental Impacts
Sajad Haghir Chehreghani Hojat Hossein Zade Reza Samifard Aref AlipourTailings from metal mining operations were conventionally disposed of as slurry in an engineered surface impoundment near a mine-mill complex. Such disposal can lead to a variety of environmental and other hazards, such as dust generation, dam failure, and leakage. Addi MoreTailings from metal mining operations were conventionally disposed of as slurry in an engineered surface impoundment near a mine-mill complex. Such disposal can lead to a variety of environmental and other hazards, such as dust generation, dam failure, and leakage. Additional disadvantages may result from the requirement for large amounts of land with limited long-term beneficial use, as well as aesthetic impacts. Paste and thickened tailings technology is becoming recognized as an alternative for minimizing the engineering and environmental challenges commonly associated with the disposal of mineral wastes conventional tailings storage facilities. Paste is simply dewatered tailings with little or no water bleed that are non-segregating in nature. This paper focuses on some environmental and operational benefits associated with disposal of tailings in paste form. The environmental benefits of surface disposal of paste can be divided into two main categories; first, very little free water is available for generation of a leach ate, thereby reducing potential impacts on receiving waters and biological receptors. Second, the paste production technology allows for production of an engineered material by modifying the paste geochemistry in such a manner that environmental benefits result. Because of environmental risks related to gold beneficiation, a Paste Production and Storage Mechanism (PPSM) were installed in Agh-Darreh gold beneficiation complex. Research results are as follows: 34%reduction in tailing volume, 14% reduction in fresh water and required Sodium cyanide, 2 million U.S $ economic saving in construction of tailing dam, and decrease of environmental pollution of beneficiation complex. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Human Security and Challenges to the Development of Renewable Energies in Iran, with Emphasis on Environmental Security
Seyed Masoud Mousavi shafaee Younes Noorollahi Ahad Rezayan Ghayahbashi Hossein Yousefi Ali Hossein RezayanBackground and Objective: Environmental security, as one of the seven dimensions of human security, has a close connection with the way of using energy resources. Energy management has an important role in achieving the sustainable development by reducing environmental MoreBackground and Objective: Environmental security, as one of the seven dimensions of human security, has a close connection with the way of using energy resources. Energy management has an important role in achieving the sustainable development by reducing environmental pollution. Sustainable development would be impossible without environmental security. In other words, energy has a direct connection with security and development. Energy specialists and planners in the world believe that renewable energies should play a much prominent role in providing human energy requirement and reducing environmental pollution. Discussing future problems and developing appropriate strategies and policies can have a key role in developing renewable energies to supply some parts of energy requirement in the country. Method: The aim of this study is to discuss the benefits and opportunities for developing renewable energies in Iran based on assessment of the factors involved in related organizations, through studying the importance and developed position of renewable energy resources in Iran and the world. Some benefits of developing renewable energies include: reliable and clean energy resource, power generation with a stable price, diversification of power resources in the country to be able to do more export, power supply of electricity generation with the less ancillary costs, reaching the aims of the 4th and the 5th National Development Plan and also the potential for economic development, with emphasis on technology development and new jobs creation. in this paper, by reviewing the existing laws and policies on new energies, the necessity of sound policies for development of renewable energies in national energy plans in line with ensuring human and environmental security, with emphasis on challenges to development of renewable energies in Iran have been investigated. Results: The results show that developing renewable energies in the world faces economical, technical, administrative and legal challenges which cause delay in development of these energies. Besides all these international barriers, development of renewable energies in Iran faces other national and local problems. Some of the major obstacles to the development of renewable energy resources in Iran includes: lack of plans and documented policies for development, lack of national and local laws concerning renewable energies, lack of knowledge about the function of these sources of energy among national planners and managers, weaknesses in human resources management as well as technology transfer barriers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Investigation of Aluminum and Composite Aircraft Wings Under the Influence of Aerodynamic Forces and their Effects on Environmental Impacts
S Ebadi K Shahbazi E Anbarzadeh -
Open Access Article
10 - Application of DPSIR Conceptual Framework in Analyzing the Impact of the Type and Level of Physical – qualitative Changes on Urban Construction
Sina Ataee Ali Soltani Kalil Hajipoor -
Open Access Article
11 - Investigation of environmental dimensions of brownfield dispersion in marginal areas
Sanaz Saeidi mofradToday, the physical and sparse urban sprawl is one of the well-known features of developing countries, and this uneven development of the city into the surrounding rural areas leads to poor urban development and environmental degradation. Brown lands are among the aband MoreToday, the physical and sparse urban sprawl is one of the well-known features of developing countries, and this uneven development of the city into the surrounding rural areas leads to poor urban development and environmental degradation. Brown lands are among the abandoned areas, inefficient and in need of redevelopment in cities. There has been instability in cities. Therefore, the need to pay attention and identify these areas for sustainable intervention is extremely important. The main issue of the present study is to identify the criteria for defining brown lands and to study the environmental dimensions of the dispersion of these lands in suburban areas. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The results of the study indicate that although brown lands are structurally different from each other, but in nature have common features, so identifying these lands as potential urban potentials is an opportunity to achieve sustainable urban development, protection of urban areas and It will prevent the uncontrolled growth and destruction of agricultural lands and green areas of the suburbs Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Investigation of environmental dimensions of brownfield dispersion in marginal areas
Fazel Khaleghi Today, the physical and sparse urban sprawl is one of the well-known features of developing countries, and this uneven development of the city into the surrounding rural areas leads to poor urban development and environmental degradation. Brown lands are among t More Today, the physical and sparse urban sprawl is one of the well-known features of developing countries, and this uneven development of the city into the surrounding rural areas leads to poor urban development and environmental degradation. Brown lands are among the abandoned areas, inefficient and in need of redevelopment in cities. There has been instability in cities. Therefore, the need to pay attention and identify these areas for sustainable intervention is extremely important. The main issue of the present study is to identify the criteria for defining brown lands and to study the environmental dimensions of the dispersion of these lands in suburban areas. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The results of the study indicate that although brown lands are structurally different from each other, but in nature have common features, so identifying these lands as potential urban potentials is an opportunity to achieve sustainable urban development, protection of urban areas and It will prevent the uncontrolled growth and destruction of agricultural lands and green areas of the suburbs Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - ??????
Abolfazl Soltani Sarveh Mohammadi??????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Management of Environmental Impacts due to Mining Operations Using Fuzzy Multiple Criteria Decision Making Techniques (Case Study: Chadormaloo Mining Complex)
arash ebrahimabadiDestruction of area and changes in local ecosystem are viewed as the most important environmental impacts of mining operations in a region. Extents of disturbance area particularly waste dumps are also being increased as mining continues. Hence, environmental management MoreDestruction of area and changes in local ecosystem are viewed as the most important environmental impacts of mining operations in a region. Extents of disturbance area particularly waste dumps are also being increased as mining continues. Hence, environmental management and reclamation of mined lands play a major role in environmental protection in a specified mining region. With this respect, this paper describes optimum plant selection for reclamation process of mining in Chadormaloo mining complex as a case study. In all type of post mining land use such as Agriculture, Pasture, Forestry, Tourist attraction, Wild life creation, selection and planting the appropriate plant species is one the most essential requirements to successful implement the mine reclamation plan. The Research methodology is, Selecting of plant species that is on the basis of the primary factors that are: type of post mining land use, Climate, Nature­ of soil. Then priority is defined between the selected species, based on of the secondary factors by two Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) models that criteria are perspective of the region, resistance against disease and insects,­ strength and method of growth, availability of plant type, economic efficiency, protection of soil and storing water, prevention from pollution. These models are implemented by FUZZY AHP and FUZZY TOPSIS methods. The mentioned procedure was applied to Chadormaloo iron mine in Iran. Decision making was executed on the basis of oral judgments and experts’ opinions in the case study. Results showed that among candidate plants, Artemisia sieberi, Salsola yazdiana, Halophytes types, and Zygophyllum, respectively, are ranked and prioritized as optimum plants for reclamation process using two methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - An overview of the origin and geographical routing of fine dust and strategies to deal with it in Iran
hamid kheyroddinIran and the Middle East are in the dry belt of the world. Due to climatic and geographical conditions, our country is prone to dust storms. Drought, insecurity and war, lack of vegetation, atmospheric instability in neighboring deserts and horizontal and vertical trans MoreIran and the Middle East are in the dry belt of the world. Due to climatic and geographical conditions, our country is prone to dust storms. Drought, insecurity and war, lack of vegetation, atmospheric instability in neighboring deserts and horizontal and vertical transfer of dust particles and its intensification due to intrusion and occupation The practice has had adverse effects on the ecosystem, health, health, production, transportation, tourism, increased pollution, increased migration, and the like. This research intends to use the method of collecting library information and using data, maps and spatial and geographical analysis to get a proper knowledge and picture of the geographical status of the fine dust phenomenon in terms of origin and direction of its creation. Then, using this information, to analyze the space and find the root of the internal and external origin of fine dust. Therefore, in this article, with a review and descriptive method, the route and the dust center are first examined outside the country, such as Iraq, Syria and the Arabian Peninsula, and then the Northeast region, Central Asia, Turkmenistan and southeast Pakistan using The map and related zoning were collected and then the internal origin in the main geographical directions of the dust and dust phenomenon from the interior of the country was studied. This phenomenon occurs throughout the year, but the frequency of occurrence and its negative effect and worse air quality It is more common in hot seasons, especially in summer and July and August. This is due to the frequent influx of dust from Iraq and the instability of the Hijaz desert climate, declining air humidity, drought, excessive use of water and natural resources, increasing temperature and speed and wind direction, and drying of wetlands and mismanagement. Various in economic, social, political, environmental dimensions. There is an institution and organization that mentions some of these consequences and strategies to deal with it from the research results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Environmental Impact Assessment of Tourism Development Plans in Anzali Free Zone
abbas moradi Bahman RamezaniPlans of tourism development has need to Environmental Impact Assessment for environment sastianable. Leopold model and the comments of 30 environmental, meteorological, agricultural and natural resources experts who worked in the Anzali Free Zone, in order to survey an MorePlans of tourism development has need to Environmental Impact Assessment for environment sastianable. Leopold model and the comments of 30 environmental, meteorological, agricultural and natural resources experts who worked in the Anzali Free Zone, in order to survey and complete the questionnaire,The results showed that the utility rate of these projects is less than its destructive effects. Tourism Plans have created employment in the region and provided economic prosperity in the region, water quality of the Talab Abad area was inappropriate for microbial purposes. It have sodium chloride and sodium and potassium minerals in this water. sample of water quality in the Chaperrodesman area showed that this water is suitable for microbial purposes, but its guidance is higher than the permitted limit, and salts and minerals (iron , Manganese, Nacl) is high in it. This sample is not suitable for drinking, but it is suitable for bathing.The amount of water TDS in this sample is 1016 mg / l.destruction of animal habitats and contamination of water and soil erosion. Also according to the experiments carried out in two sections of microbial and chemical water quality in the studied areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Second Homes Tourism (Case Study: Rudbar Qasran County, Shemiranat county , Tehran province
Fazileh Davarkhani Habib Mahmoodi Somayeh Sadat MousaviAt the same time as the structural changes in the field of tourism in the country and in particular the prevalence of tourism in rural areas around the cities, the construction of second homes has grown dramatically and like other tourism patterns, it has had a number o MoreAt the same time as the structural changes in the field of tourism in the country and in particular the prevalence of tourism in rural areas around the cities, the construction of second homes has grown dramatically and like other tourism patterns, it has had a number of effects on the areas they are deployed. One of the most important ways to assess the effects of human activities in the environment, environmental impact assessment or EIA is to identify the effects of operational programs and projects on environmental factors at various stages and to propose solutions to reduce these effects. To collect the data based on the ICOLD model format, instead of using the questionnaire, through an interview with 15 local officials and trustees the inhabitants of the 5 villages of Ahar, Egole; baghgole, emameh bala, and Emameh paeein and designing a checklist, the environmental impacts of tourism in the second home were measured and quantitated. The results of the research showed that the tourism of the second homes in the studied village has a negative effect on the economic, social, biological and physical aspects. Matching the results of this study with previous studies revealed that in the environmental dimension, all researches were consistent with the results of the present study. In the economic and social dimensions, the difference in the relative environment of the problem in different environments and geographical locations has been different in some cases, and in some cases the opposite.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - ارزیابی چرخه حیات تولید میوه زیتون در اندازه های مختلف باغ و سامانه های کشت ارگانیک و رایج
سعید فیروزی امیرحسین بازیارهدف از این تحقیق، بررسی اثرات زیست­محیطی تولید میوه زیتون در اندازه­های مختلف باغ و تحت شرایط کشت ارگانیک و معمول، با استفاده از روش ارزیابی چرخه حیات در شمال ایران بود. داده­های تحقیق با استفاده از پرسشنامه و مصاحبه رو در رو از 305 باغدار زیتون در منطقه مور Moreهدف از این تحقیق، بررسی اثرات زیست­محیطی تولید میوه زیتون در اندازه­های مختلف باغ و تحت شرایط کشت ارگانیک و معمول، با استفاده از روش ارزیابی چرخه حیات در شمال ایران بود. داده­های تحقیق با استفاده از پرسشنامه و مصاحبه رو در رو از 305 باغدار زیتون در منطقه مورد مطالعه گرد­آوری شدند. شش گروه تاثیر شامل تخلیه منابع سوخت­های فسیلی، گرمایش جهانی، اسیدیفیکاسیون، اوتریفیکاسیون خشکی، تخلیه منابع فسفات و پتاس مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یک تن میوه زیتون به عنوان واحد عملکردی در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که باغ­های زیتون بزرگ (بزرگتر از 5 هکتار) در تمامی گروه­های تاثیر، بیشترین اثرات زیست­محیطی را در پی داشتند. در مجموع، اسیدیفیکاسیون، اوتریفیکاسیون خشکی و تخلیه منابع فسفات، به ترتیب با شاخص­های نهایی 58/1، 68/2 و 12/3 ، مهمترین گروه­های تاثیر بودند. نتایج تحقیق همچنین نشان داد باغ­های زیتون ارگانیک از نظر زیست­محیطی نسبت به باغ­های معمول، عملکرد زیست­محیطی بهتری داشتند. جایگزینی بخشی از کودهای شیمیایی مورد استفاده بخصوص در باغ­های بزرگ با انواع کودهای بیولوژیک نظیر کودهای دامی برای تغذیه درختان زیتون پیشنهاد شد. همچنین، لازم است یک راهبرد منطقه­ای جهت حرکت به سوی سامانه کشت تلفیقی مناسب طراحی گردد تا اثرات زیست­محیطی تولید میوه زیتون در باغ­های بزرگ منطقه مورد مطالعه کاهش یابد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - حرکت به سوی پایداری زیستمحیطی برداشت گندم در سیستمهای دیم و آبی
شمساله عبداله پور ارمغان کوثری مقدم محمد بنایاناین مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی پایداری زیستمحیطی برداشت گندم در سیستمهای کشاورزی دیم و آبی در سه منطقه مختلف در ایران، شامل ساری، مشهد و پارسآباد مغان انجام شد. چهار شاخص پایداری انرژی، امرژی، اگزرژی و انتشار گازهای گلخانهای در این پژوهش بررسی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که کار Moreاین مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی پایداری زیستمحیطی برداشت گندم در سیستمهای کشاورزی دیم و آبی در سه منطقه مختلف در ایران، شامل ساری، مشهد و پارسآباد مغان انجام شد. چهار شاخص پایداری انرژی، امرژی، اگزرژی و انتشار گازهای گلخانهای در این پژوهش بررسی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که کارایی انرژی عملیات برداشت در سیستمهای آبی بیشتر از سیستمهای دیم بوده است. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل امرژی نشان داد که شاخص پایداری زیستمحیطی در سیستمهای دیم در مشهد، پارسآباد مغان و ساری به ترتیب 036/0، 035/0 و 034/0 بوده است. نتایج تحلیل اگزرژی نیز نشان داد که کارایی اگزرژی عملیات برداشت در سیستمهای دیم و آبی در ساری و پارسآباد مغان به ترتیب با 07/56 و 72/128 بیشتر از مناطق دیگر بوده است. مجموع انتشار گازهای گلخانهای در عملیات برداشت در ساری، پارسآباد مغان و مشهد در سیستمهای دیم کمتر از سیستمهای آبی تعیین شد (به ترتیب 88/54، 64/47 و 03/36 کیلوگرم کربندیاکسید در هکتار در مقایسه با 52/67، 56/66 و 22/56 کیلوگرم کربندیاکسید در هکتار). به صورت کلی، عملیات برداشت گندم در ساری و پارسآباد مغان به ترتیب در سیستمهای کشت دیم و آبی دارای پایداری زیستمحیطی بالاتری بودند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Life cycle assessment of peanut production in sole cropping and mixed intercropping with bean systems
Saeed Firouzi Amin NikkhahToday, investigation on the environmental impacts of different cultural systems and determining the optimum cultivation patterns are the noteworthy topics in agricultural sector. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess and compare the environmental impacts of pea MoreToday, investigation on the environmental impacts of different cultural systems and determining the optimum cultivation patterns are the noteworthy topics in agricultural sector. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess and compare the environmental impacts of peanut) Arachis hypogaea L.( and peanut with bean )Phaseolus vulgaris L.) intercrop farming systems using the life cycle assessment (LCA) technique. Primary data were obtained through interviews with 136 farmers in Kiashahr region of Guilan province, Iran. Global warming, acidification, terrestrial eutrophication, land use, depletion of fossil resources, depletion of phosphate and potash resources were seven groups involved in this study. The results showed that the NH3 emission had the greatest impact in terms of the acidification and eutrophication in both peanut cultivation systems. The environmental index (EcoX) values of the peanut sole cropping and intercropping with bean were determined as 0.68 and 0.42, respectively. Resource depletion index (RDI) also were calculated as 3.61 and 2.69, for sole and intercropping systems, respectively. Depletion of fossil fuels and terrestrial eutrophication had the greatest environmental impacts in terms of categories and depletion of resources in both cultivation systems. Overall, the environmental impacts of peanut-bean intercropping were less than the peanut sole cropping system in all seven impact categories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - A survey on the ecological sustainability of introducing new crops in the cropping pattern using emergy approach
samin fallahinejad mohammad Armin Mohammad AsgharipourEmergy analysis is an appropriate strategy for assessing the sustainability of agricultural production systems in a region. In this study, the sustainability of production of four widely grown crops, including wheat and barley,sugar beet and saffron were compared using MoreEmergy analysis is an appropriate strategy for assessing the sustainability of agricultural production systems in a region. In this study, the sustainability of production of four widely grown crops, including wheat and barley,sugar beet and saffron were compared using emergy approach in Khoushab County, Khorasan Razavi province, Iran. The total supporting emergy for wheat, barley, sugar beet and saffron was respectively 2.32E+16, 1.91E+16, 4.95E+16, and 2.04E+16 sej ha-1. The greatest portion of renewable environmental resources were obtained in sugar beet production systems (4.1% of total emergy), and non-renewable environmental resources occurred in barley production systems (55.7% of total emergy). Saffron production systems showed the greatest portion of renewable and non-renewable purchased resources (40.80 and 36.48%). Introduction of saffron and sugar beet as new crops in a given region, compared to wheat and barley as preceding crops in the cropping pattern, caused enhancement in renewable emergy ratio, environmental loading ratio, modified environmental sustainability index, and emergy input ratio, while decreased emergy yield ratio, modified environmental loading ratio, environmental sustainability index, and sustainable development emergy index. Saffron and sugar beet production as new introduced crops to the region resulted in the highest modified environmental sustainability index. Although the environmental loading ratio index of saffron cultivation was higher than other production systems, modified environmental loading ratio was lower than the three other production systems. Therefore, saffron can be recommended as a sustainable crop that has put the lowest pressure on environmental resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The Effects of Environmental Factors on Green Marketing Performance (Case Study: Shirin Asal Company)
reza rostamzadeh asghar alimohammadi siyabanDuring the recent decades, concern about environment has not only become a major public issue, but also a critical one in academic research, and, as a result, the ecological products market has been growing worldwide. Green marketing activities are thus expanding in man MoreDuring the recent decades, concern about environment has not only become a major public issue, but also a critical one in academic research, and, as a result, the ecological products market has been growing worldwide. Green marketing activities are thus expanding in many parts of the world offering products to green who make their purchase decisions, to some extent, based on their personal environmental criteria. These activities have a major impact on expanding consumers’ knowledge and changing their attitude towards purchasing green products. Food industry is one of the magnificent elements of the economic and has a major role in industrial development of a country, furthermore, its wide operations from production to distribution and consumption has the significant role in the economy of the countries .The aim of this dissertation is analyzing the effect of Ecological strategies on the performance of Green marketing in Shirin Asal Food Industry. This research uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques as a tools for accessing the validity and reliability of measure. This model and the result show that ecological strategies affect the financial performance, market performance, and the quality of services to consumers. Manuscript profile
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