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Open Access Article
1 - The role of forest ecosystem in running water Regulation (Case Study: Noujian watershed in Khoramabad)
amir modaberi Ali Mahdavi Hamid AmirnejadBackground and Objective: Natural ecosystems provide many goods and services for human beings via their multiple functionalities. One of these important functions is the role of natural ecosystems in regulation of hydrologic cycle and increasing the infiltration an MoreBackground and Objective: Natural ecosystems provide many goods and services for human beings via their multiple functionalities. One of these important functions is the role of natural ecosystems in regulation of hydrologic cycle and increasing the infiltration and retention of water in soil context and preventing from water runoff which may cause in unfavorable consequences like soil erosion and flooding. Quantification and economic valuation of these functions is of high importance to regulate the utilization process from these resources. The aim of this study is to estimate the role and contribution of forest in regulating running water, water conservation in each of the Nojian watersheds and to estimate the economic value of this performance as one of the most important functions of forest ecosystem.Material and Methodology: For this purpose using Justins experimental model and with supposing the lack of forest cover in form of clear cutting, its effects on runoff caused by annual rainfall were studied, followed by estimating economic value of the function using replacement cost method. It should be noted that this research was conducted in 2019.Findings: The results showed that the annual economic value of forest of this function was estimated 1416473Rials per hectare.Discussion and Conclusion: Estimating the value of this ecosystem service in Iran's Zagros forests represents the very effective role of this forest ecosystems in controlling regulation hydrologic cycle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Investigation of Management Strategies for Urmia Lake Based on Economic Valuation
aida shariatmadari Majid Abbaspour Zahra Abedi Alireza VafaeinejadBackgrounds and Objectives: The recent water scarcity and decrease of precipitation have led to considerable changes in the ecosystem of Urmia Lake. The main objective of this study is to investigate the management strategies regarding Urmia Lake based on economic valua MoreBackgrounds and Objectives: The recent water scarcity and decrease of precipitation have led to considerable changes in the ecosystem of Urmia Lake. The main objective of this study is to investigate the management strategies regarding Urmia Lake based on economic valuation. Methodology & Material: In this study (2016), the existing library and Internet documents as well as field studies were used. The statistical population in this study included the stakeholders, locals and tourists in Urmia. Sampling was done randomly and the sample size was determined after pre-tests using Cochran’s test. The method and data analysis tool in this study was contingent method, and Excel software and E-views were used to determine the economic values of Urmia Lake. GIS software was also used to express the changes occurred in the lake. Findings: Considering changes of water level in Urmia Lake in recent years, the inadvertent extraction of water from the wells and cultivation of crops that consume water content at high level in farming lands are assumed as important factors for drying Urmia Lake. Discussion and Conclusion: The willingness to pay for protecting different values of Urmia Lake was estimated as totally 52.496 USD per person, monthly. The proper management of resources, the right of water for each river in the Urmia Lake basin, cessation of constructing new dams on other rivers entering the lake, changing the pattern of cultivation, and increasing water productivity are among the measures that must be taken to balance the fluctuation of water level in this lake. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Valuation of natural medicinal plants collected from forests and rangelands of Urmia city and its environmental effects
Mehran mojarrad Ashena Abad Vahid CarvaniBackground and Objective: Today, indiscriminate collection of medicinal plants from nature is considered a serious problem in Iran. This research reviews the process of plant collection from nature; determine its harmful effects on the forest and rangeland ecosystem and MoreBackground and Objective: Today, indiscriminate collection of medicinal plants from nature is considered a serious problem in Iran. This research reviews the process of plant collection from nature; determine its harmful effects on the forest and rangeland ecosystem and its economic valuation. Material and Methodology: Economic value of plants was estimated based on plant seller’s perspective and sales prices in Urmia city. By visiting the stores, interviewing and completing the questionnaire, the results were analyzed by Excel 2016 and SPSS 19. This research was done in the spring and summer of 1401. Findings: The annual value of all the collected plants from the nature of Urmia is 22.285 billion Iranian rials. Rosa canina species with the local name of Itburni has the highest economic value among the studied natural medicinal plants, while Crataegus pontica with the local name of Yemishan has the greatest biomass content. Based on the type of plant organ collected, destructive harvesting includes 56% of the total plant value and 47.5% of the total dry weight of the harvested plant. Discussion and Conclusion: The findings indicate that the collecting of medicinal plants is widespread in Urmia. Due to insufficient supervision by the responsible organizations, therefore destructive harvests including root, rhizome, bulb, fruit and whole plant are done. As a result, about 50 percent of harvested species are under threat. Although this annual value (22.285 billion Iranian rials) is not much, it is a good indicator and a warning for natural resource managers and national planners, so that they can plan correctly about the phenomenon of people's invasion of nature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Studying Factors Affecting on the Estimating Recreation Value by Using Travel Cost Method (Case Study of Sorkheh Hesar National Park)
Mehdi Rahmati Sayeh Razieh Bashiri Background and Objective: nowadays, modern life of humans has lead people to need more to visit natural recreation sites. Therefore, evaluating recreation value of natural promenades could show that how important role they have in our new lifestyle. Thi More Background and Objective: nowadays, modern life of humans has lead people to need more to visit natural recreation sites. Therefore, evaluating recreation value of natural promenades could show that how important role they have in our new lifestyle. This caused to be our first priority in our modern life to protect from these recreation sites. Method: Analyzed factors that affect on the recreation value in travel cost method is the first aim of this study, and second aim is to estimate the recreation value by using the travel cost method. According to these factors, twenty circles with equal distances of two Km were drawn. The Results: Finally, the primary recreation value of Sorkheh Hesar national park based on the accessibility cost, which had been calculated 2,625,249,000 Rial in each month, by estimating the surface area under the demand curve. In order to find out which factors could affect on recreation value, a model had been developed by using 25 parameters. According to this model, visitor’s marital status, the distance between the habitat to the promenade, number of visitors, the brightness and the quality of cleaning were the most affecting factors in the recreation value model. Conclusion: The results show that, there is a direct relationship between the improvement of the quality of lightning and the recreational value. This direct relationship also exists between the number of visitors and recreation value. On the other hand, if the lightning quality improves and the amount of visitors increase the recreation value of Sorkheh Hesar national park will increase too. But, increasing the rate of single visitors and reducing the quality of cleaning would cause recreation value to decrease in this national park. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Economic valuation of some of the most important functions and services of Quercus forests in the centeral Zagros (Case study: Lorestan province)
Ziaedin Badehian Masoumeh Mansouri Hojatolah Sanjabi Background and Objective: Understanding the economic value of various products and services provided by forests is considered as an effective management tool to formulate better conservation policies. In fact, all non-produced assets which benefit human societie More Background and Objective: Understanding the economic value of various products and services provided by forests is considered as an effective management tool to formulate better conservation policies. In fact, all non-produced assets which benefit human societies are the outcome of several complicated ecological processes and ecosystem functions. Method: Environmental assets produce yearly outputs and the value of these assets depends on their annual output. Some of the environmental assets are interchangeable at the market and their values are evaluated on the basis of market prices, whereas some assets are not interchangeable in the market, and their value depends on the presented yearly outputs and they are evaluated by various methods. Findings: In the present study, some of the most important functions of Lorestan forests have been identified and evaluated. The study area has been considered as a protected area for its genetic pool; it has been assingned as wildlife conservation center by the government and its Quercus tree is a dominant species. The results showed that the annual value of ecosystem functions is equal to 389,299,455,943,840 Rials. Conclusion: This value is an acceptable reasoning for politicians and decision makers to show more support to the quality and quantity of this ecosystem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Estimating the Recreational of Taleghan Dam by Travel Cost Method
Zahra Abedi Payam Mahmood KalayehTaleghan zone is located in 150th km of Northwest of Tehran in a great valley in Alborz Mountains and is considered a summer resort. It attracts many tourists due to its cheering nature and historical and cultural appeals. Construction of Taleghan dam and the resulting MoreTaleghan zone is located in 150th km of Northwest of Tehran in a great valley in Alborz Mountains and is considered a summer resort. It attracts many tourists due to its cheering nature and historical and cultural appeals. Construction of Taleghan dam and the resulting lake have a considerable influence on the natural view of this zone and are the main factors for attracting the tourists. Considering the above-mentioned special conditions of the zone, its economic values may be studied. in this research, an action has been made in investigating and calculation of Taleghan dam tourism value through travel cost method. For this purpose, some semicircles with constant intervals have been drawn encompassing the whole regions from which the visitors have come considering the dam as the center. Then the economical and social data obtained from the questionnaires completed by the visitors was analyzed. Considering the available data, the diagram is drawn between travel cost and number of visitors to the region. The new ratio of visitors will then be obtained and the demand curve of the zone will be drawn by considering different entries and its addition to total access costs. Finally, tourism value of the zone will be calculated through calculating the level below the demand curve. This value is equal 4965000 Rls per day. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Economic valuation of ranges forage production using Hedonic pricing method – Case study: Zemkan basin of Kermanshah Province
Sohrab MoradiForage is the main product of ranges. Through determining the economic value of ranges forage, managers can be directed towards the optimal management of productivity. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the economic value of forage production in the ranges of Zemk MoreForage is the main product of ranges. Through determining the economic value of ranges forage, managers can be directed towards the optimal management of productivity. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the economic value of forage production in the ranges of Zemkan basin located in Kermanshah province. Calculating the value of forage production per square hectare is one of the employed methods used for this purpose. This method involves the awareness of the status of various range types and the producible rate in each range type. Using the interpretation of IRS-P6 satellite images, Liss III and Liss IV sensors, there were determined the area and kind of range types in Zemkan basin. Also, the average forage production per hectare was determined in each range type using experts' attitudes, official statistics, and the information of native individuals. Forage prices are estimated using the Hedonic pricing method as they are economically heterogeneous. The results showed that the economic rents and the expected values of each hectare of ranges are 870 and 13594 Rials per hectare in moderately dense ranges and 580 and 9063 Rials per hectare in low-dense ones. Therefore, it can be inferred that the related ranges can play a significant role in both local and regional economy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Role and Importance of Evaluating Ecosystem Economic Services Specially Wetlands In Supporting Natural Resources and to Increase Society Welfare
Ali Reza Mikaeili –T. Narges Arab Maryam Yaghobzadeh Mohammad HasaniBackground and Purpose: Most ecosystem services are public goods or assets that cannot or should not be considered private. In principle monetary value of these services are estimated by benefits for society and if the services are lost, profits will be lost accordingly MoreBackground and Purpose: Most ecosystem services are public goods or assets that cannot or should not be considered private. In principle monetary value of these services are estimated by benefits for society and if the services are lost, profits will be lost accordingly. Among different ecosystems, wetlands are the most productive ecosystems on the planet and this is not only associated with high biodiversity, they also play an important role in maintaining the balance of life on Earth and make it possible. Materials and Methods: In this study, the steps of determining information selection criteria in the economic valuation of wetland ecosystem services include the following processes: 1) Providing first-hand information from the studied areas; 2) Monetary valuation for ecosystem services, so that they can be attached to a particular biome at a specific time; 3) providing information about the surface of the regions (about which ecosystem services can be converted to monetary value per hectare; 4) providing information about the evaluation method used; 5) providing information about the study site, area and study scale (native, local, Regional, continental and global). Results: wetlands are now one of the ecosystems that were influenced by increasing human activities, changes in land use of large parts of the surrounding beaches and urban pollution discharges and also agricultural activities. Continued overuse of ecosystems has increased cost of living and future generations will suffer from poverty. After the change in land use, many of the foreign positive effects of ecosystems are destroyed or severely reduced and improvement of public goods and services is possible through ecosystems that are in serious situation and this needs a firm decision to improve them for conserving environmental diversity and sustainable management of ecosystems. Discussion & Conclusions: Economic valuation of ecosystem services in the best way is a supplement for traditional decision-making framework in which positive and negative external effects or losing of many environmental goods and services that are not known is significant. Monetary value can help us by determining external effects and increasing our insight of the role and economic importance of nature through qualitative and quantitative measurements. The economic valuation of ecosystem services is therefore important for society and can provide us strong and reliable communication tool for informing a better and more balanced decision-making in the field of trade and related land resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - An Economic Valuation of Latin Papers in Online Databases from the view point of Post Graduate Students in Razi University
neda sayadi mahmoud moradi saleh rahimiObjective: An Economic Valuation of Latin papers in Online Databases from the view point of Post Graduate Students in Razi University. Methods: In the current research is used, On Contingent Valuation Method and way of willingness to pay. Population is all Post graduate MoreObjective: An Economic Valuation of Latin papers in Online Databases from the view point of Post Graduate Students in Razi University. Methods: In the current research is used, On Contingent Valuation Method and way of willingness to pay. Population is all Post graduate students at Razi University, in the 2015-2016 the year with the number of 4145 students and research sample is calculated on the basis of Mitchell and Carson with 523 samples. A self-made questionnaire. The statistical methods, such as descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used. Results: Average annual WTP postgraduate students to use Latin papers in online databases are about 248 5660 Rial; as well among the variables studied, the variables used in Latin databases and faculty at annual use of Latin databases are effected. Conclusion: post graduate students at Razi University recognize the economic value for Latin papers in online databases because in the exchange of knowledge and increase access to information on various scientific issues is very important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Comparison of the Application of Econometric Methods in Economic Valuation Library Services
vida seifouri fahimeh Babalhavaeji Fatemeh Nooshinfard Dariush MatlabiObjective: To compare the application of econometric methods in the economic valuation of central library services. Methods: Conditional valuation with the stated priority technique and econometric methods such as linear regression, logistics, probit, and Hack MoreObjective: To compare the application of econometric methods in the economic valuation of central library services. Methods: Conditional valuation with the stated priority technique and econometric methods such as linear regression, logistics, probit, and Hackman have been used. The statistical population of central library users, which was selected using the sampling method, cluster, two-stage, 10 libraries, and the sample size was calculated using the Michelle-Carson formula at the level of 85% of 854 people. The data collection tool was a two-dimensional researcher-made questionnaire with 40 questions that had face validity and reliability with Cronbach's alpha of 0.83. Results: In examining the effectiveness of each variable, the amount of change in the predicted probabilities of the dependent variable of the model (willingness to pay users) per unit of change in the variable (while the other variables are constant) showed that between the explanatory variables There is no correlation used in the models so that the two-to-two correlation coefficient of any of the independent variables was not more than 54%. Conclusion: Demographic and individual factors are more effective than other factors on people's willingness to pay. Based on the weighted elasticity of the income variable, if other factors are constant, a 1% increase in respondents' income increases the probability of accepting the proposed amount by more than 70%. No significant difference was observed in the results of logit and linear probit methods. Hackmann's two-step method, although it can differentiate between the factors affecting the acceptance of willingness to pay and the factors affecting the amount, in general, the willingness to pay was less than the other two methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Economical valuation of Urmia Lake for non-consumable values
H. Kazemi R. HejaziRenewable natural resources have had a fundamental role in economic and social development of societies during history. Increasing environmental disasters has also concerned economists as well as environmental specialists, and has made the experts at management level to MoreRenewable natural resources have had a fundamental role in economic and social development of societies during history. Increasing environmental disasters has also concerned economists as well as environmental specialists, and has made the experts at management level to realise the need for protection and sustainable use of natural resources. In this study, it was tried to determine the economical value of Urmia Lake,usingLogit method which is based on people’s willingness to pay, by CVM method and WTP measurements. The main purpose of this study was to provide non-consumable value (conservation value) of this lake. In this method, 31 variables were investigated. The estimation of the model was carried out using the Logit method with EVIEWS software (10). Analyzing the results indicated that the amount of willingness to pay for each unit price rise is decreased by 21%. Finally, the average value of WTP for non-consumable economic value of UrmiaLake was estimated to be 52.58x103 and the total economic value of the lake was estimated to be $605 million. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - A Pricing Model for Value of Gas Regulation Function of Natural Resources Ecosystems (Case Study: Sheikh Musa Rangeland, Mazandaran Province, Iran)
yadollah Bostan Ahmad Fatahiardakani Masoud Fehresti Sani Majid Sadeghinia
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