The Role and Importance of Evaluating Ecosystem Economic Services Specially Wetlands In Supporting Natural Resources and to Increase Society Welfare
Subject Areas :
Ecosystems
Ali Reza Mikaeili –T.
1
,
Narges Arab
2
,
Maryam Yaghobzadeh
3
,
Mohammad Hasani
4
1 - 1- Assoc. Prof. Landscape Architect Ph.D. Dept. of the Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Golestan Province, Iran
2 - 2- Ph.D. candidate of Land Evaluation and Land use planning, Dept. of the Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Golestan Province, Iran.
3 - 2- Ph.D. candidate of Land Evaluation and Land use planning, Dept. of the Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Golestan Province, Iran
4 - 2- Ph.D. candidate of Land Evaluation and Land use planning, Dept. of the Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Golestan Province, Iran.
Received: 2016-01-19
Accepted : 2019-12-23
Published : 2022-03-21
Keywords:
Ecosystem services,
Economic valuation,
Wetland,
Abstract :
Background and Purpose: Most ecosystem services are public goods or assets that cannot or should not be considered private. In principle monetary value of these services are estimated by benefits for society and if the services are lost, profits will be lost accordingly. Among different ecosystems, wetlands are the most productive ecosystems on the planet and this is not only associated with high biodiversity, they also play an important role in maintaining the balance of life on Earth and make it possible.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the steps of determining information selection criteria in the economic valuation of wetland ecosystem services include the following processes: 1) Providing first-hand information from the studied areas; 2) Monetary valuation for ecosystem services, so that they can be attached to a particular biome at a specific time; 3) providing information about the surface of the regions (about which ecosystem services can be converted to monetary value per hectare; 4) providing information about the evaluation method used; 5) providing information about the study site, area and study scale (native, local, Regional, continental and global).
Results: wetlands are now one of the ecosystems that were influenced by increasing human activities, changes in land use of large parts of the surrounding beaches and urban pollution discharges and also agricultural activities. Continued overuse of ecosystems has increased cost of living and future generations will suffer from poverty. After the change in land use, many of the foreign positive effects of ecosystems are destroyed or severely reduced and improvement of public goods and services is possible through ecosystems that are in serious situation and this needs a firm decision to improve them for conserving environmental diversity and sustainable management of ecosystems.
Discussion & Conclusions: Economic valuation of ecosystem services in the best way is a supplement for traditional decision-making framework in which positive and negative external effects or losing of many environmental goods and services that are not known is significant. Monetary value can help us by determining external effects and increasing our insight of the role and economic importance of nature through qualitative and quantitative measurements. The economic valuation of ecosystem services is therefore important for society and can provide us strong and reliable communication tool for informing a better and more balanced decision-making in the field of trade and related land resources.
References:
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Barbier, E.B., 2007. Valuing ecosystem services as productive inputs. Economic Policy 22, 177–229.
Costanza, R., Pe ´ rez-Maqueo, O., Martinez, M.L., Sutton, P., Anderson, S.J., Mulder, K.,2008. The value of coastal wetlands for hurricane protection. Ambio 37, 241–248.
Hanley, N., Barbier, E.B., 2009. Valuing ecosystem services. Pricing Nature: Cost- benefit Analysis and Environmental Policy. Edward Elgar, London.
_||_
1-Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. 2005. Strengthening capacity to manage ecosystem sustainability for human well-being; A Report of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.www.millenniumassessment.org.
Daly, H.E., 1997. Georgescu-Roegen versus Solow/Stiglitz. Ecological Economics 22, 261-26.
De Groot, R.S., Wilson, M., Boumans, R., 2002. A typology for the description classification and valuation of ecosystem functions, goods and services. Ecological Economics 41 (3), 393–408.
Ehrlich, P.R., Ehrlich, A.H., 1981. Extinction: the causes and consequences of the disappearance of species. Random House, New York.
Perrings, C., Folke, C., Mäler, K.G., 1992. The ecology and economics of biodiversity loss: the research agenda. Ambio 21, 201–211
Costanza, R., d'Arge, R., de Groot, R., Farber, S., Grasso, M., Hannon, B., Limburg, K., Naeem, S., O'Neill, R.V., Paruelo, J., Raskin, G.R., Sutton, P., van der Belt, M., 1997. The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature 387, 253–260.
Peterson, M.J, Hall, D.M., Feldpausch-Parker, A.M., Peterson, T.R., in press. 2009. Obscuring Ecosystem FunctionwithApplicationof the Ecosystem Services Concept. Conservation Biology. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.01305.x.
McCauley, D.J., 2006. Selling out on nature. Nature 443, 27–28.
10- Soma, K., 2006. Natura economica in environmental valuation. Environmental Values 15 (1), 31–50.
Spash, C., 2008a. How much is that ecosystem in the window? The one with the bio-diverse trail. Environmental Values 17 (2), 259–284.
12- Andréassian, V., 2004. Waters and forests: from historical controversy to scientific debate. Journal of Hydrology 291, 1–27.
Mooney, H., Ehrlich, P., 1997. Ecosystem services: a fragmentary history. In: Daily, G.C. (Ed.), Nature's Services. Island Press, Washington, DC, pp. 11–19.
Hubacek, K., van der Bergh, J., 2006. Changing concepts of land in economic theory: from single to multi-disciplinary approaches. Ecological Economics 56, 5–27.
Heal, G. M.; Barbier, E. B.; Boyle, K. J.; Covich, A. P.; Gloss, S. P.; Hershner, C. H.; Hoehn, J. P.; Pringle, C. M.; Polasky, S.; Segerso, K.; Schrader- Frechette, K. 2005. Valuing Ecosystem Services. Toward Better Environmental Decision- Making. The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.
De Groot, R., Brander, L., Ploeg, S.v.d., Costanza, R., Bernard, F., Braat, L., Christie, M., Crossman, N., Ghermandi, A., Hein a ,L., Hussain j, S., Kumar, P., McVittie, A., Portela, R., Rodriguez, C,L., Brinkm, P,t., Beukering, P.v., 2012. Global estimates of the value of ecosystems and their services in monetary units. Ecosystem Services 1, 50–61
Economic valuation guideline model of water ecosystems (wetlands and coastal areas), 2010, Office of Sustainable Research and Development, EPA, Deputy of Education and Research, p. 243 (In Persian)
Froer, Oliver (2007); Rationality Concepts in Environmental Valuation; Translated by Peter Lang, Frankfurt, Hohenheimer volkswirtschaftliche Schriften, 1st edition (October 26, 2007), Volume 58.
King, N. A. 2007; Economic valuation of environmental goods and services in the context of good ecosystem governance; Water Policy 9 (Supplement, 2, 2007), pp: 51–67.
Suparmoko, M. 2008; Economic Val uation for Environmental Goods and Servi ces (Market Price Method); Regional Training Workshop on The Economic Valuation of The Goods and Services of Coastal Habitats, Retrieved from http://typecat.com/Economic-Valuation-For-Environmental-Goods-And-Services
Pearce, D. W. & Seccombe-Hett, T. (2000); Economic Valuation and Environmental Decision Making in Europe; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2000, 34, 1419-1425.
Eugenio Figueroa B. and Roberto Pasten., 2011. Improving Benefit Transfer for Wetland Valuation: Income Adjustment and Economic Values of Ecosystem Goods and Services. Wadden Academy-KNAW. 44.
23-Brander, L.M., Florax, J.G.M., Vermaat, J.E., 2006. The empirics of wetland valuation: a comprehensive summary and meta-analysis of the literature. Environmental and Resource Economics 33, 223–250
24-TEEB Foundations, 2010. In: Kumar, P. (Ed.), The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity: Ecological and Economic Foundations. Earthscan, London, Washington.
Barbier, E.B., 2007. Valuing ecosystem services as productive inputs. Economic Policy 22, 177–229.
Costanza, R., Pe ´ rez-Maqueo, O., Martinez, M.L., Sutton, P., Anderson, S.J., Mulder, K.,2008. The value of coastal wetlands for hurricane protection. Ambio 37, 241–248.
Hanley, N., Barbier, E.B., 2009. Valuing ecosystem services. Pricing Nature: Cost- benefit Analysis and Environmental Policy. Edward Elgar, London.
