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Open Access Article
1 - Relationship between economic security and tax revenues (Evidence from MENA countries)
کریم رسولی اسداله فرزینوشIncome redistribution and establishing social justice and maintaining it are the major economic objectives that most governments are looking for them. Taxation is a tool that can redistribute wealth in society and can reduce class differences. Meanwhile, an efficient ta MoreIncome redistribution and establishing social justice and maintaining it are the major economic objectives that most governments are looking for them. Taxation is a tool that can redistribute wealth in society and can reduce class differences. Meanwhile, an efficient tax system could prevent the occurrence of economic corruption. Furthermore, economic security in a society with minimal risk and economic corruption can promote economic activities and lead to increase in tax revenues that help state to improve its services Economic security is a kind of public good or service that cannot be produced in the private sector in the market. This market failure leads to government intervention in providing economic security. Economic security and related issues can influence business atmosphere and national income and so can affect government tax revenues. In this paper the empirical relationship between economic security and tax revenues in the selected countries of Middle East and North Africa (MENA) which have similar relative structures, have been investigated. For this purpose, the panel data models have been used to estimate mentioned relationship. According to the results, free trade as the first indicator of economic stability and security has significant and positive effect on tax revenues in MENA countries. Trade freedom, as a second variable has a significant and positive effect on tax revenues too. Financial Freedom as third indicator of economic stability and security as former variables has significant and positive effect on tax revenues. An important to be mentioned is that the property rights and tax revenues have negative relationship in the selected countries. Also, in selected countries economic growth doesn’t have a positive effect on tax revenues. Inflation rate does have positive and meaningful effects on tax revenues in MENA: Variables as exports and imports as control variables as a percentage of GDP have negative and inverse effect on tax revenues a percentages of GDP and capital formation as the third control variable has a positive and meaningful effect on tax revenues in MENA. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The responsibility of the Islamic State in dealing with fake transactions and its solutions
Amir Jawadi Mohammad Babapoor Abdolali Mohammadi JozaniWith the introduction of cryptocurrency into the world of economy, smart contracts were formed based on it and are now partially popular. Experts in this field believe that in case of widespread use of this type of contracts, the possibility of formal transactions will MoreWith the introduction of cryptocurrency into the world of economy, smart contracts were formed based on it and are now partially popular. Experts in this field believe that in case of widespread use of this type of contracts, the possibility of formal transactions will disappear. Despite conducting numerous researches on smart transactions, the discussion of virtual transactions has not been investigated in this field, and this research, using an analytical-descriptive method, is for the first time trying to investigate the responsibility of the Islamic government in this regard. It seems that due to the negative effects of formal transactions in the society, if a special mechanism can eliminate these transactions, the Islamic government is responsible for making them mandatory. According to jurisprudential interpretations, providing social and economic security is the government's duty, which is an example of the mandatory smart contract with the aim of eliminating formal transactions. From a legal point of view, the executive and judicial authorities can send a bill to the Islamic Council regarding the mandatory use of smart contracts in order to provide legal protection and also to prevent the occurrence of crimes. Monopoly in the smart type of contracts is contrary to Islamic Sharia and its partial acceptance is possible like electronic transactions. If the related law is not approved, the executive bodies in charge of certain affairs can use their authority to make these contracts mandatory. The final result is that with the relatively mandatory smart contract and the popularization of cryptocurrency, it is possible to eliminate formal transactions and this action is considered to improve economic security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Comparative Study of Role of Jurisprudence in Realization of Judicial and Economic Security in Iranian Law and Egyptian Law
Gholam Ali Seifi Zinab Rima AmiraghdamJudicial and economic security appliances are preparations of an efficient legal system. The main principle of legal security arises as it eliminates the stability of the legal system and has a long history. Islamic law as our strong root of law gives many examples of t MoreJudicial and economic security appliances are preparations of an efficient legal system. The main principle of legal security arises as it eliminates the stability of the legal system and has a long history. Islamic law as our strong root of law gives many examples of this principle. The main stage in the judicial system is an activity that we call it judgment. Jurisprudence due to important factors such as independence of judges, respect for acquired rights, common understanding of the law, without discrimination performance has a very important role in the realization of judicial security. The realization of economic security when interpretation of the law is not comply with social and economic realities due to the long process of change and reform of law, jurisprudence can provide an interpretation consistent with the realities of that time and meet the purpose of legal rules to achieve “efficiency”, So important role in achieving it. In this paper, legal security and economic concepts and the role of jurisprudence in their realization with comparative study in the Iranian law and Egyptian law to be examined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The Impact of Policies on Attracting Foreign Investors on the Development of Economy and International Relations of Iran
Seyed Azim Hossini Hamid Pishgah hadianThe purpose of the present study is to review and determine the policies and obstacles of attracting foreign investors to achieve the aim of development in the Islamic Republic of Iran in different political, social, and economic aspects by creating a secure economic at MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review and determine the policies and obstacles of attracting foreign investors to achieve the aim of development in the Islamic Republic of Iran in different political, social, and economic aspects by creating a secure economic atmosphere and expanding diplomatic relations for localizing technology and promoting business. In this regard, a descriptive-analytical method was used to deal with this main question: what is the impact of recognizing drawbacks in Iran's policies about attracting foreign investors on the development of economy and expansion of diplomatic relations? The results showed that undoubtedly, economic security is one of the most basic requirements for sustainable development in developed or developing countries like Iran for attracting foreign investors and substantiation of resistive economy, adopting some policies for economic growth, increasing job opportunities, acquiring and expanding technology and administrative skills, and promoting the quality of production and the export potential of the country for making international relations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The Place of Economic Security in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Mohsen Azizi Seyed Mehdi FatemiThe purpose of the present study is to explain economic security and its place in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this regard, the main research question is: What is the place of economic security mechanisms in the constitution of the Islamic Republ MoreThe purpose of the present study is to explain economic security and its place in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this regard, the main research question is: What is the place of economic security mechanisms in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran? The method of study is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that economic and security mechanisms in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran are quite compatible with modern frameworks and regulations of economic security that indicates the legislator’s awareness of the features of an Islamic model society as it has explicitly referred to the economic security and its indicators through various principles. The most important principle in the constitution referring to economic security is the article 43 of the constitution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Realization of human security through security in international political economy.
Hadi Masoudifar Alireza Arashpoor masoud Raei DehaghiConsidering the evolutions of international relationships in modern world, development of the related needs of human society in social, economic, political, and cultural grounds in particular, and human societies entering trade and technological competitions, it seems n MoreConsidering the evolutions of international relationships in modern world, development of the related needs of human society in social, economic, political, and cultural grounds in particular, and human societies entering trade and technological competitions, it seems necessary to provide a new classification of the concept of human security to be more compatible with current realities in the development of international trade. Accordingly, it is necessary, first, to examine transition from the concept of national security towards economic security, then, suggest and explain modern concepts in the field of human security. Accordingly, in the present research, the concept of human security has transited from merely military and environmental necessities and, in a modern approach, is considered in the form of the concept of international trade with the aim of protecting the trade data. Also, in this research, edited based on inductive method and library studies, the prevention principle is considered, as a modern method, to prevent trade data and intellectual property from being leaked to trade security to be realized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Analyzing the Transaction with the Intention of Evading Debt based on the Principle of Contractual Security
Hasan Omidvar mahdi sheydaeiyan Yegane Birang Adnan Omrani farAmong the threatening factors of contractual security are the use of clever methods by the debtor to prevent the confiscation of property and the fulfillment of the claim by the creditor and generally evading social and economic obligations, which in legal terms is call MoreAmong the threatening factors of contractual security are the use of clever methods by the debtor to prevent the confiscation of property and the fulfillment of the claim by the creditor and generally evading social and economic obligations, which in legal terms is called a transaction with the intention of evading debt. In the meantime, what causes the loss of contractual security and weak credit in business relations with others is the trick of the debtor to avoid paying the debt and harming the creditor due to non-fulfillment of all or part of the demand. It seems that according to the illegitimate nature of this type of transactions, reference to Article 40 of the Constitution with an emphasis on the La-Zarar rule, as well as the precedence of the internal volition over the external volition in contracts and since the debtor's property is the basis of his financial obligations and the creditor trusted him on the basis of this general guarantee and with the loss of this support, he not only caused an undue loss to the creditors but also undermined the security of trade and social trust. It is possible to review the verdict of this type of transaction, which the user of Article 218 of the Civil Code deems invalid only if they are formal, without any conditions, a sentence can be issued to prohibit or invalidate transactions with the intention of evading debt and the basis of invalidity was the public order arising from the principle of contractual security, but in French law, transactions with the intention of evading debt, in terms of the status of legal practice, are in accordance with the lack of citation and cannot be cited against valid parties, but against the creditor to the extent that it is detrimental to him; but if the third party benefits from the concluded legal action, he can rely on it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Impact of Oil Dependent Political Economy on Iran’s National Security
Seyed Shamseddin Sadeghi Masoud Akhavankazemi Vahid ZarafshanAbstract In the decentralized international system and the non-existence of central authority, the first objective and priority of states is safeguarding national security and preservation of their interests. Since olden times preservation of durable national security MoreAbstract In the decentralized international system and the non-existence of central authority, the first objective and priority of states is safeguarding national security and preservation of their interests. Since olden times preservation of durable national security was conditioned to preparedness in three fields: 1.Military preparedness 2.Political strength. 3. Economic strength. By the end of Cold War the economic determinant of national security found greater importance. During post-Cold War era, national security of the oil exporting countries depends on boom and flourishing of oil industry. In fact security is having five dimensions viz. military, economic, political, cultural and ecological. The present article addresses economic dimension of national security because achieving national security depends on improvement of economic conditions and the outcome of all security indexes depends on accomplishment of economic security. The obvious fact that the oil factor which Iran depends on its revenue for the past hundred years is interwoven greatly with Iran’s national security shows the importance of oil revenue. Also the economic growth of Iran and the bulk of investment in national projects depend on foreign exchange revenue coming from oil export. Any fluctuation in oil revenue will jeopardize the economic security of Iran particularly that in recent decade international sanctions has badly affected the flow of oil revenue. Manuscript profile
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