List of Articles Detoxification

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  1 - Strategies to reduce microbial contaminations and increase the shelf life of pistachio fruit: a review
  Edris Arjeh Ali Masoumi Mohsen Barzegar Hamid-Reza Akhavan
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  2 - Study of Efficacy of Various Methods of Addiction Treatment from View of Addicts
  Tahereh Mirsardoo Mastooreh Sedaghat
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  3 - Effects of pesticides in the environment and its biodegradation
  Ahmad Asl hashemi Leila Tarwardizadeh Sahra Sakhaifar
  Pesticides are widely used to prevent unwanted attacks of pests on plants and agricultural fields. The uniqueness of their chemical structure or their interaction with the environment determines the nature of pesticides. In most cases, farmers and consumers of these pro More

  Pesticides are widely used to prevent unwanted attacks of pests on plants and agricultural fields. The uniqueness of their chemical structure or their interaction with the environment determines the nature of pesticides. In most cases, farmers and consumers of these products, although they know their serious effects, still cannot limit their consumption. Pesticides have harmful effects on soil and human ecosystems that affect molecules, tissues and biological organs and cause acute or chronic disorders. These disorders affect people of all ages, including during pregnancy. These pollutants affect aquatic systems when released. Water molecules in the river are affected by the accumulation of these toxic pollutants with alkaline pH and heavy metals, which can negatively affect the health of plants and animals. This article discusses the scientific literature on the various modification technologies available for safer pesticide use. The use of microorganisms and biological methods for the decomposition of chemical substances in the soil is monitored. However, the effectiveness of this method in the future to save the environment is debatable. Manuscript profile
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  4 - A review on ammonia toxicity in fish
  Alireza Jahanbani
  AbstractAmmonia toxicity is one of the most common types of poisoning in fish, which sometimes manifests itself in acute and sometimes chronic forms. Ammonia enters the water from various sources such as industrial wastes, agricultural runoff, and decomposition of micro More

  AbstractAmmonia toxicity is one of the most common types of poisoning in fish, which sometimes manifests itself in acute and sometimes chronic forms. Ammonia enters the water from various sources such as industrial wastes, agricultural runoff, and decomposition of microorganisms living in water and as the final excreta resulting from the catabolism of proteins and amino acids in aquatic animals. Ammonia poisoning is associated with a wide range of symptoms due to the concentration of this substance. These symptoms can range from simple behavioral changes to severe neurological symptoms and death. Fish adopt different strategies when this poisoning occurs; these include reducing nutrition, reducing protein metabolism, detoxifying ammonia and turning it into less toxic substances. Almost all fish organs respond to ammonia poisoning, but organs such as the liver, gills, muscles, and brain play a more prominent role in the development of symptoms, condition control, and detoxification. Understanding the biochemical mechanisms of these organs in the face of ammonia toxicity and understanding the pathophysiology of this toxicity can help prevent or manage this poisoning if it occurs. Of course, not all fish species respond the same way to ammonia toxicity, and some species that are more resistant may be better breeding options. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) ethanolic extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats
  Fatemeh Shirinabadi Farahani Akram Eidi Pejman Mortazavi Ali Haeri Rohani
  10.30495/jvcp.2020.670352
  Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum)has long been considered in traditional medicine due to its botanical and medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of fenugreek seed extract against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic More

  Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum)has long been considered in traditional medicine due to its botanical and medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of fenugreek seed extract against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic toxicity in rats. A total of 48 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight groups. The normal control group was intact. The liver-injury control group received intraperitoneal injection of 50% CCl4 (1 ml/kg) twice a week for a total of 10 times. Normal experimental groups received fenugreek extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg intragastrically). Liver-injury experimental groups were administrated fenugreek extract (3 doses as above) along with CCl4. The rats were sacrificed on the 34th day, blood was withdrawn by cardiac puncture and the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT were measured. Administration of CCl4 significantly increased the levels of liver enzymes in the liver-injury control group in comparison to normal control (p < /em><0.001). Administration of fenugreek extract showed a significant tendency towards normalization of all measured biochemical parameters in CCl4-treated rats. These results demonstrate that fenugreek extract exerts protective effects against CCl4-induced damage in rat liver, and supports a potential therapeutic use of fenugreek as an alternative for patients with liver diseases. Manuscript profile
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  6 - The binding of Aflatoxin M1 to Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria in yogurt drink and its assessment by HPLC quantification method
  Roghayeh Sokoutifar Vadood Razavilar Seyed Amir Ali Anvar Shahram Shoeibi
  Various foods, including dairy products, may be contaminated with aflatoxin, which even in small amounts has harmful effects on human and animal health. A limited number of probiotics attach and or break down aflatoxins in foods and edible substances. The aim of this st More

  Various foods, including dairy products, may be contaminated with aflatoxin, which even in small amounts has harmful effects on human and animal health. A limited number of probiotics attach and or break down aflatoxins in foods and edible substances. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum probiotics and their combinations on the removal of or coupling with aflatoxin M1 in yoghurt drink (Doogh). In this study, 72 treatment and control groups were prepared in three replicates. The groups were included four groups of bacterial L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, and a combination of them, and finally with a non-bacterial group as control (in general four groups). Doogh was prepared at different temperatures (4, 21 and 37 °C) was being before stored for 2, 11 and 30 days. The maximum level of aflatoxin degraded was done in industrial Doogh affected by L. acidophilus plus L. plantarum at all assigned temperatures and days. This maximum level was measured on the second day (100.00 ± 0.86), eleventh day (100.00 ± 1.27) and thirtieth day (100.00 ± 0.60). The results suggest a better food security in using industrial Doogh compared to traditional one. Manuscript profile
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  7 - تأثیر بهینه‌سازی سم‌زدایی تفاله پرس شده آرگان (آرگانیا اسپینوسا) روی کیفیت تغذیه‌ای و سطوح ساپونین
  ن. لکرام ی. ان-ناهیل ف.ز. زهیر س. موتیک ر. کبور ا.ح. المعادودی م. بندائو ا. الحسنی م. نصیری
  استفاده از تفاله پرس شده آرگانیا اسپینوسا برای تغذیه دام‌های اهلی به دلیل وجود ساپونین‌ها محدود شده است، که طعم آن را برای دام‌ها بسیار تلخ و بد مزه می‌سازد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارزیابی یک روش سم‌زدایی کاهش دهنده سطوح ساپونین تفاله پرس شده و چگونگی تأثیر آن بر محتوای مواد More

  استفاده از تفاله پرس شده آرگانیا اسپینوسا برای تغذیه دام‌های اهلی به دلیل وجود ساپونین‌ها محدود شده است، که طعم آن را برای دام‌ها بسیار تلخ و بد مزه می‌سازد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارزیابی یک روش سم‌زدایی کاهش دهنده سطوح ساپونین تفاله پرس شده و چگونگی تأثیر آن بر محتوای مواد مغذی انجام شد. روش‌شناسی‌ پاسخ سطحی استفاده شده در این پژوهش شامل کوبیدن تفاله پرس شده آرگان و در معرض خیساندن و جوشاندن آن در 3 واسطه: آب مقطر، محلول سدیم بی‌کربنات در غلظت‌های متفاوت (02/0، 01/1 و 2 درصد)، و محلول اسید سیتریک در غلظت‌های متفاوت (10/0، 05/1 و 2 درصد) بود؛ نسبت‌های مربوطه از تفاله پرس شده آرگان برای خیساندن و جوشاندن در نسبت‌های 1:5، 5/12: 1 و 1:20 (w/v، g/mL) فیکس شدند؛ زمان‌های انتخاب شده نسبت‌های مربوطه 1، 24 و 48 ساعت بودند؛ دماهای جوشاندن انتخاب شده به ترتیب 40، 80 و 120 درجه سلسیوس بودند؛ و زمان‌های جوشاندن به ترتیب، 10، 25 و 40 دقیقه بودند. آزمایشات نشان دادند که خیساندن در واسطه‌های اسیدی و بازی به ‌طور مؤثرتری ساپونین را با میانگین‌های 93 و 86 درصد به ترتیب، نسبت به خیساندن در آب مقطر را کاهش می‌دهد (30 درصد)، اگرچه ما کاهش‌های متوسط معنی‌داری در میان محلول‌های جوشاندن مشاهده کردیم. محتوای تغذیه‌ای تفاله پرس شده آرگان تیمار شده با تیمارهای متفاوت نسبت به غیر تیمار شده‌ها‌ کمتر کاهش پیدا کرد، پروتئین خام تفاله پرس شده آرگان غیر سم‌زدایی شده در مقایسه با  سم‌زدایی شده که دامنه‌ای بین 40 تا 47 درصد داشت 48 درصد بود. بنابراین، کاهش سطوح ساپونین، تفاله پرس شده آرگان را برای دام‌ها اشتها آورتر خواهد ساخت و ممکن است سوء تغذیه پروتئینی، یک مشکل بزرگ تغذیه حیوانی در مراکش را کاهش دهد. Manuscript profile
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  8 - Detoxification of aflatoxin b1 by Lactobacillus rhamnosus in a simulated model of the human digestive system
  Mehran Sayadi Hossein Tajik
  Background & Objectives: According to the FAO annual report, 10 percent of the world's food products are contaminated with fungal toxins, among which aflatoxins have the most contribution as compared to others. This research was aimed to assess the ability of Lactob More

  Background & Objectives: According to the FAO annual report, 10 percent of the world's food products are contaminated with fungal toxins, among which aflatoxins have the most contribution as compared to others. This research was aimed to assess the ability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG in the reduction of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in a simulated human gastrointestinal tract containing sterilized milk.   Materials & Methods: For this purpose, the bacterial count and aflatoxin concentration were adjusted to 1×1010 cfu/ml and 5 ppm, respectively, where artificial gastrointestinal tract discharges were inoculated in the simulated environment. In this study 6 treatment groups were assessed in the presence and absence of bacteria, sterilized milk, and gastrointestinal juice suspension. The concentration of residual aflatoxin was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and purification by Immunoaffinity column.   Results: The reduction of aflatoxin B1 at all treatments was determined using HPLC with a detection limit of 0.25 mg/ml and a quantification limit of 0.75 mg/ml. The mycotoxin recovery rate was between 89% and 94% for AFB1. The aflatoxin B1 calibration curve with a correlation coefficient of 0.95 was linear in the concentration range of 1 to 10 ng/ml. The highest and lowest average removal percentage of aflatoxin B1 was observed for 5 and 1 treatments (58.8 ± 0.018 and 13.86 ± 0.017) respectively, where a significant difference in removal percentage was observed among six treatment groups.   Conclusion: The results indicated that beside L. rhamnosus strain GG, gastric and small intestine juices are suitable to eliminate or reduce aflatoxin B1, as well. Manuscript profile
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  9 - Detoxification of aflatoxin M1 by Bifidobacterium lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus in skimmed milk
  Masoud Atashpanjeh Seyed Amirali Anvar Amireghbal Khajehrahimi Maryam Tala نکیسا  Sohrabi Haghdoost
  Contamination of food products, especially dairy products, with aflatoxins, is one of the main problems in the food industry. This research aimed to remove aflatoxin M1 using two probiotics, Bifidobacterium lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus, either alone or in combi More

  Contamination of food products, especially dairy products, with aflatoxins, is one of the main problems in the food industry. This research aimed to remove aflatoxin M1 using two probiotics, Bifidobacterium lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus, either alone or in combination, in skimmed milk containing this toxin. The study investigated the effects of storage time, microbial strain, bacterial concentration, toxin concentration, and temperature on the removal of aflatoxin M1. Two probiotic bacteria, Bifidobacterium lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus, at dilutions of 108 and 1010 CFU/ml, were inoculated alone and in combination into skimmed milk contaminated with different concentrations of aflatoxin M1 (0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 μg/ml). The samples were then incubated at 4°C and 37°C for 0.5, 1, 2, and 24 hours. The detoxification percentage of aflatoxin M1 was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed an increase in the removal of aflatoxin M1 with time. The removal of aflatoxin M1 by these strains varied from 12% to 87% depending on the concentration of bacteria, storage time, toxin concentration, and bacterial strain, whether alone or in combination. The results of this study suggest that using probiotics can be an effective method for reducing or eliminating the concentration of aflatoxin M1 in the dairy industry. Manuscript profile