List of Articles Calendula

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  1 - Determination of the Antioxidant Activity of Calendula officinalis Extract and its Role in Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles
  F. Nematollahi F. Taheri Konjini F. Zamani Hergalani
  Introduction: The synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles is valuable due to its applications in the packaging and food industries as permitted additives to increase the shelf life.Materials and Methods:  In this research, the synthesis of green nanoparticles of zinc More

  Introduction: The synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles is valuable due to its applications in the packaging and food industries as permitted additives to increase the shelf life.Materials and Methods:  In this research, the synthesis of green nanoparticles of zinc oxide were performed by zinc acetate dihydrate. Calendula officinalis extract was used as reducing and stabilizing agent. The prepared ZnO NPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X- ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis.Results: The size of nanoparticles prepared by Calendula officinalis extract was obtained at 8 to 22nm In addition, the antioxidant properties of prepared nanoparticles were analyzed in the terms of total phenolic and flavonoid content. The antioxidant activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles was evaluated using 2,2- diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) method. Gallic acid was used as standard to draw the calibration curve. The amount of total phenolic compounds in aqueous extract of the plant was 303 mg of gallic acid per gram.Conclusion: Calendula officinalis extract showed high antioxidant activity and great potential for green synthesis of nanoparticles. The average diameter of nanoparticles synthesized without   plant extract as a stabilizer, was larger than the green synthesized one (more than 18 nm). There was also less agglomeration in nanoparticles synthesized by Calendula officinalis extract.  Manuscript profile
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  2 - Effects of Physical Seed Priming and Hydropriming on Physiological and Morphological Characteristics, Yield and Harvest Index in Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)
  S. Baser Kouchebagh F. Farahvash B. Mirshekari F. Rahimzadeh Khoei H. Kazemi Arbat
  To study the effect of different seed treatments on germination of calendula, an experiment conducted in field with complete randomized block design and three replications, at Agricultural Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch in 2013. Treatments we More

  To study the effect of different seed treatments on germination of calendula, an experiment conducted in field with complete randomized block design and three replications, at Agricultural Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch in 2013. Treatments were: treating the most seeds by ultrasonic with maximum (3 w.m-2) and gamma and beta by 2 µc for 10 minutes, laser by 6328A° and magnetic field by 40 MT for 5, 10 and 15 minutes hydro-priming for 24 hours and control. Results indicate that maximum flower yield (13.85g) was produced by seeds treated with laser irradiation for 15 minutes as compared to that of control (4.34g). Highest biologic yield belonged to seeds treated with magnetic field for 10 minutes (33.20 g.m-2) and lowest to control (7.89 g.m-2). Highest harvest index was obtained from seeds treated by gamma irradiation for 10 minutes (69.07) and lowest for 15 minutes (18.81). It may be suggested that marigold growers may improve crop yield by priming the seeds with magnetic field and laser irradiation before sowing. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Evaluation of Yield, Yield Components and Essential Oil Content of Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) with the Use of Nitrogen and Vermicompost
  Alireza Pazoki Hamidreza Tavakoli Haghighat Abolfazl Rashidi Asl
  Environmenal problems resulting from application of nitrogen fertilizers in the production plant materials led agricultural specialists to use clean and alternative methods to towards the organic farming and use of organic fertilizers. In this study, thus, the effect of More

  Environmenal problems resulting from application of nitrogen fertilizers in the production plant materials led agricultural specialists to use clean and alternative methods to towards the organic farming and use of organic fertilizers. In this study, thus, the effect of nitrogen and vermicompost fertilizer rates on yield, yield components, essential oil content and some morphological traits of marigold was studied in a split plot experiment based on completely randomized blocks design with 3 replications in Shahr-e-Rey region during 2013 growing season. Nitrogen rates with 3 levels (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg.ha-1) were assigned to main plots and vermicompost with 3 levels (0, 10, and 20 t.ha-1) to the sub plots. Mean comparison of simple effects indicated that the plants treated with 120 kg.ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer and 20 t.ha-1 organic fertilizer vermicompost produced higher trait values under study than control (non application of vermincompost). Interaction effect of experimented factors was significant on all traits under evaluation. Thus, highest seed yield (1567 kg.ha-1), biological yield (6664 kg.ha-1) and essential oil yield (8.85 kg.ha-1) obtained by the application of 120 kg.ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer and 20 t.ha-1 varmicompost. Based on the results obtained it could be said that nitrogen and vermicompost may improve seed and biological yield and yield components of marigold. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Characterization and optimization of using calendula offlcinalis extract in fabrication of polycaprolactone-gelatin electrospun nanofibers for wound dressing applications
  Mojdeh Azizi Mostafa Azimzadeh Maede Afzali Mina Alafzadeh Seyed Hossein Mirhosseini
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  5 - The effect of nano potassium fertilizer, potassium sulfate and salicylic acid on physiological characteristics of Calendula officinalis L. under water stress
  Somayeh Erfani Mohammadali Rezaei Farhad Farahvash Mehrali Mahmoudjanlo
  10.30495/iper.2021.679554
  Abstract: Lack of water is one of the limiting factors for growth, and oxidative stress is a secondary stress resulting from drought and dehydration. In order to study the levels of potassium nanoclat fertilizers, potassium sulfate and salicylic acid in reducing water e More

  Abstract: Lack of water is one of the limiting factors for growth, and oxidative stress is a secondary stress resulting from drought and dehydration. In order to study the levels of potassium nanoclat fertilizers, potassium sulfate and salicylic acid in reducing water effects on a number of physiological indicators of evergreen plants, experimental spring was performed as a factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications in 1398 in the research greenhouse of Islamic Azad University, Gorgan Branch. Factors involved included irrigation at two levels, consumption of potassium fertilizer at two levels of potassium nanocat and potassium sulfate, and salicylic acid at three levels of zero, one and two milliliters. Physiological traits such as photosynthetic pigments, proline, phenol total, superoxide dismutase, catalase enzyme, soluble sugar, protein and glycine betaine were evaluated. Based on the results of this study, dehydration stress significantly increased the levels of proline, the enzyme peroxidase, the enzyme catalase, glycine betaine and sugar, and reduced the levels of chlorophyll a, b, whole leaves and total protein. The use of salicylic acid leaf in conditions of dehydration stress in concentrations significantly increased sugar, total protein, glycine betaine and total phenol. The use of potassium nanocatalysts and potassium sulfate improved plant tolerance in drought stress conditions and increased physiological traits compared to control. Manuscript profile
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  6 - Effect of Electrical Potential on the Morphology of Polyvinyl Alcohol/ Sodium Alginate Electrospun Nanofibers, Containing Herbal Extracts of Calendula Officinalis for Using in Biomedical Applications
  Seyed Rasoul Tahami Nahid Hasanzadeh Nemati Hamid Keshvari Mohammad Taghi Khorasani
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  7 - اثر اسید جاسمونیک و سالیسیلیک بر میزان ترکیبات فنلی و فلاونوئیدها در عصاره گل همیشه بهار
  عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی سید عباس موسوی هریس فرهنگ تیرگیر بهزاد حامدی
  مقدمه و هدف: همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L.) گیاهی علفی، یک­ساله و متعلق به خانواده ستاره آسا  می باشد. این گیاه از جمله گیاهان دارویی ارزشمند است که علاوه بر خاصیت دارویی جنبه زینتی نیز دارد. به منظور بررسی اثر مقادیر مختلف سالیسیلیک اسید و جاسمونیک اسید More

  مقدمه و هدف: همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L.) گیاهی علفی، یک­ساله و متعلق به خانواده ستاره آسا  می باشد. این گیاه از جمله گیاهان دارویی ارزشمند است که علاوه بر خاصیت دارویی جنبه زینتی نیز دارد. به منظور بررسی اثر مقادیر مختلف سالیسیلیک اسید و جاسمونیک اسید بر خاصیت فیتوشیمیایی گل همیشه بهار تحقیق حاضر انجام شد. روش تحقیق: مطالعه حاضر در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1390 در شرایط مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهرکرد انجام گرفت. تیمارهای سالیسیلیک اسید در چهار سطح (1- 10 -20 و 40 میلی مول)، جاسمونیک اسید در سه سطح (50- 100 و 200 میلی لیتر) به همراه شاهد (محلول پاشی آب مقطر) و تیمار محلول استون به عنوان حلال جاسمونیک و سالیسیلیک اسید مورد مطالعه و ارزیابی قرار گرفتند.  میزان فنل کل، کارتنوئیدها و فلاونوئیدها در عصاره گل همیشه بهار تعیین شد. نتایج و بحث: اثرات تیمارهای محلول پاشی اسید جاسمونیک و سالیسیلیک بر میزان کارتنوئید و میزان پلی فنل در عصاره گل همیشه بهار در سطح احتمال 1 درصد و بر میزان فلانوئید کل در سطح 5 درصد معنی داری بودند. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: با توجه به نتایج حاصل از تحقیق حاضر مشخص شد که محلول پاشی تنظیم کننده های رشد به ویژه اسید جاسمونیک ممکن است سبب تغییرات ماده موثره  در گل همیشه بهار شود.  Manuscript profile
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  8 - اثر پوشش خاک بر عملکرد و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L.) تحت محلول پاشی برگی متانول
  لامیا وجودی محمدباقر حسن پور اقدم رعنا ولی زاده کامران اصغر ابراهیم زاده
  به منظور بررسی تاثیر محلول­پاشی با متانول (0، 10، 20 و30 درصد) و خاکپوش (شاهد، خاکپوش سفید و سیاه) بر عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک گل همیشه بهار آزمایشی  به صورت طرح فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی اجرا شد. نتایج نشان دهنده وجود اثر متقابل معن More

  به منظور بررسی تاثیر محلول­پاشی با متانول (0، 10، 20 و30 درصد) و خاکپوش (شاهد، خاکپوش سفید و سیاه) بر عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک گل همیشه بهار آزمایشی  به صورت طرح فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی اجرا شد. نتایج نشان دهنده وجود اثر متقابل معنی­دار خاکپوش و محلول پاشی بر محتوای کلروفیل a و ارتفاع گیاه بود. نتایج نشان داد که بالاترین ارتفاع گیاه از تیمار خاکپوش سیاه × متانول (به غیر از سطح محلول پاشی 30 %) به دست آمد. بیشترین میزان کلروفیل a (3/2 میلی گرم بر گرم وزن تر) در ترکیب تیماری خاکپوش سیاه × 30 % متانول حاصل شد. محتوای کلروفیل b  تحت تاثیر خاکپوش قرار گرفت و بالاترین مقدار کلروفیلb  در تیمار خاکپوش سیاه (1/1 میلی گرم بر گرم وزن تر) مشاهده شد. وزن خشک گل، برگ، محتوای مواد جامد محلول و آب نسبی برگ تحت تاثیر جداگانه تیمار خاکپوش و محلول پاشی قرار گرفت. بالاترین میزان وزن خشک گل (116 گرم) در تیمار محلول پاشی 30 % و خاکپوش سیاه (103 گرم) ثبت شد. بیشترین میزان آب نسبی برگ  (7/49 %)، مواد جامد محلول (120 درجه بریکس) در تیمار محلول پاشی 30%  متانول و خاکپوش سیاه مشاهده شد. بیشترین وزن خشک ریشه (23/15 گرم) و محتوای فنل کل (05/95 میلی گرم گالیک اسید بر گرم وزن خشک) از تیمار خاکپوش سیاه به دست آمد. Manuscript profile
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  9 - اثرات وابسته به دوز سریا (CeO2) با اندازه نانو بر روی جوانه زنی بذر، رشد اولیه و پارامترهای فیزیولوژیکی گیاهچه همیشه بهار
  صدیقه جهانی سارا سعادتمند ملیحه جهانی هما محمودزاده رمضانعلی خاوری نژاد
  همیشه بهار به عنوان یک گیاه زینتی-دارویی کاربرد فراوانی دارد. برهمکنش بین نانوذرات و سیستم‌های بیولوژیکی یکی از امیدوارکننده‌ترین حوزه‌های تحقیقاتی در علم و فناوری نانومدرن است. محققان جذب نانوذرات اکسید سریم یا سریا (CeO2) توسط گیاهان را گزارش کرده‌اند. هدف از این تحقی More

  همیشه بهار به عنوان یک گیاه زینتی-دارویی کاربرد فراوانی دارد. برهمکنش بین نانوذرات و سیستم‌های بیولوژیکی یکی از امیدوارکننده‌ترین حوزه‌های تحقیقاتی در علم و فناوری نانومدرن است. محققان جذب نانوذرات اکسید سریم یا سریا (CeO2) توسط گیاهان را گزارش کرده‌اند. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی تاثیر نانوسریا بر جوانه‌زنی بذر، ویژگی‌های رشد و بیوشیمیایی گیاهچه 9 روزه همیشه بهار (.Calendula officinalis L) بود. بذرها در پتری‌دیش‌های حاوی هشت غلظت مختلف نانوسریا (0، 0.05، 0.1، 0.2، 0.4، 0.8، 1.6 و 3.2 گرم بر لیتر) جوانه زدند. پس از 9 روز، پارامترهای رشد اولیه و بیوشیمیایی اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که جوانه‌زنی بذر، وزن تر و خشک گیاهچه و طول ریشه‌چه، ساقه‌چه و گیاهچه در غلظت‌های 0.05 و/ یا 0.1 گرم بر لیتر نانوسریا تحریک شد اما در غلظت‌های بالاتر (پس از 0.2 یا 0.4 گرم بر لیتر) نانوذرات به تاخیر افتاد. محتوای H2O2، مالون‌دی‌آلدئید (MDA) و فعالیت لیپواکسیژناز (LOX) پس از 0.2 گرم بر لیتر نانوسریا افزایش یافت. فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان و محتوای پروتئین در غلظت‌های بالاتر نانوسریا افزایش یافت. همچنین، فعالیت آنزیم فنیل آلانین آمونیالیاز (PAL)، محتوای فنل و ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی در 0.8 تا 3.2 گرم بر لیتر نانوسریا تحریک شد. محتوای پرولین در 0.2-3.2 گرم بر لیتر نانوسریا بهبود یافت. در مجموع، نتایج نشان داد که تنش اکسیداتیو القایی نانوسریا با سیستم دفاعی گیاه شامل آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان، ترکیبات فنلی و اسمولیت‌های سازگار مانند پرولین همراه بود. این نتایج نشان داد که نانوسریا در غلظت‌های پایین (0.05 و/ یا 0.1 گرم بر لیتر) باعث القای مثبت بر روی جوانه‌زنی بذر و رشد گیاهچه همیشه بهار شد، اما با افزایش غلظت آن (بیشتر از 0.2 گرم بر لیتر)، نتیجه برعکس شد و سمیت نشان داد که گیاه را مجبور کرد تا سیستم‌های دفاعی خود را فعال کند. Manuscript profile
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  10 - Improvement of the Yield and Essential Oils Quantitative in Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) by Using Different Planting Arrangement and Potassium Fertilizer
  D. Hashemabadi A.A. Mostofipour A.R. Berimavandi B. Kaviani M. Zarchini
  This study was done to evaluate the effect of different planting arrangements (square, lozenge and rectangular) and various concentrations of potassium sulfate (K2SO4) fertilizer (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg/ha) on yield and essential oils quantitative of Calendula officinal More

  This study was done to evaluate the effect of different planting arrangements (square, lozenge and rectangular) and various concentrations of potassium sulfate (K2SO4) fertilizer (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg/ha) on yield and essential oils quantitative of Calendula officinalis L., a medicinal and ornamental plant. The experiment was done as a factorial in randomized completely blocks design (R.C.B.D.) with 3 replications. The results showed that the plant height, the number of flowers, flowers dry weight, potassium content of aerial part, flower essential oil and carotenoids content in petals were significantly increased. The highest plant height (54.18 cm) was calculated from plants grown under 200 kg/ha K2SO4 and rectangular arrangement. Maximum number of flowers per square meter (727.93), flower dry weight per square meter (140.58 g), potassium content of aerial part (0.9 mg/L), essential oils content per square meter (0.27 g) and carotenoids content in petals (8.24 mg/L) were obtained from plants grown under soil conditions containing 300 kg/ha K2SO4 and with square arrangement. The results of current study recommend using of 300 kg/ha of K2SO4 and square planting arrangement for increasing the yield and essential oils content of calendula. Manuscript profile
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  11 - Response of Marigold Flower Yield and Yield Components to Water Deficit Stress and Nitrogen Fertilizer
  Seyyed Gholamreza Moosavi Mohamad Javad Seghatoleslami Mansour Fazeli-Rostampoor Zeinolabedin Jouyban
  In order to study the effect of water deficit stress and different nitrogen levels on flower yield, yield components and water use efficiency of Calendula officinalis L., an experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three repl More

  In order to study the effect of water deficit stress and different nitrogen levels on flower yield, yield components and water use efficiency of Calendula officinalis L., an experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications, at research field of Islamic Azad University, Birjand branch in 2009. In this experiment, irrigation treatments (irrigation after 60, 120 and 180 mm cumulative evaporation from pan class A) set as main plots and nitrogen rates (0, 60,120 and 180 kg N ha-1) set as sub plots. The results showed that increasing irrigation interval from 60 to 180 mm cumulative evaporation reduced flower number per m-2, biomass yield and plant height 65.6, 69.3 and 8.3%, respectively. Also in comparison with control, irrigation after 120 and 180 mm evaporation reduced flower dry yield 16.2 and 72%, respectively. However, the highest WUE was related to irrigation after 120 mm evaporation (0.161 and 0.788 kg m-3 for dry flower and biomass, respectively). Nitrogen fertilizer utilization significantly increased flower yield, flower number, biological yield, WUE and plant height, but there was not any significant difference between 120 and 180 kg N ha-1 treatments. Interaction of irrigation and nitrogen on all traits was not significant. Totally, the results indicated that treatment of irrigation after 120 mm evaporation with 120 kg N ha-1 application is suitable for marigold cultivation in Birjand Manuscript profile
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  12 - The effects of organic fertilizers and cover beds on yield and some physiological traits of Calendula officinalis L. treated with brown algae extract foliar application
  lamia Vojodi Mehrabani Mohammadbagher Hasanpour Aghdam Asghar Ebrahimzadeh rana valizadeh
  This study was conducted to assay the effects of diverse levels of foliar application of brown marine algae extract (0, 150 and 300 ml) in combined with integrative treatment of organic fertilizers (control, poaltry manure, cow manure and vermicompost) and soil cover (w More

  This study was conducted to assay the effects of diverse levels of foliar application of brown marine algae extract (0, 150 and 300 ml) in combined with integrative treatment of organic fertilizers (control, poaltry manure, cow manure and vermicompost) and soil cover (white and black) on some physiological characteristics (chlorophyll content, total phenolic, flavonoids and anthocyanin contents) and growth potential of Calendula officinalis as factorial based on RCBD with three replications. The results revealed the significant interaction effects of integrative treatments (soil cover and organic fertilizer) and algal extracts foliar application on chlorophyll a content. The highest chlorophyll a content was recorded in vermicompost + 300 ml algae extract. The highest data for root (15gm-2) and stem dry weight (74/8g m-2) and for flower diameter (5/98cm) were recorded in plants treated with vermicompost + white mulch. The greatest phenolic content, flower dry weight, as well as the highest essential oil content were acquired in organic fertilizer + black mulch. The lowest data for phenolic and essential oil content was belonged to control (without algae extract) treatment. Algal extract foliar application significantly influenced the anthocyanin content at 300 ml. Finally, all treatments used in this study had positive effects on the physiological and morphological characteristics of Marigold and can be recommended to farmers. Manuscript profile
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  13 - Effects of application nitrogen and fertilizer manure on physiological characteristics of Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) under water deficit stress
  J. Daneshian N. Rahmani M. Alimohammadi
  The effects of water deficit stress andfertilizer manure and nitrogen were studied on yield and physiological characteristics of Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.). An experiment was conducted at Research Field of Islamic Azad University of Takestan branch in 2010. Fi More

  The effects of water deficit stress andfertilizer manure and nitrogen were studied on yield and physiological characteristics of Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.). An experiment was conducted at Research Field of Islamic Azad University of Takestan branch in 2010. Field experiment was carried out by a split plot design based on completely randomized block design  with 4 replications. treatments were three levels of stress as irrigation after 40, 80 and 120 mm water evaporation from evaporation pan, and consumption of 90 kg/ha nitrogen, 75% N and 10 ton/ha fertilizer manure, 50% N and 20  ton/ha fertilizer manure, 25% N and 30 ton/ha fertilizer manure, 40 ton/ha fertilizer manure.  The results indicated that water deficit stress had significant effect on diameter flower, plant height, biologic yield, flower yield and productivity effort. The highest biologic yield to 7416 kg/ha and productivity effort to 26.44 percent  when irrigation after 40 mm evaporation from pan class A. Application fertilizer manure and nitrogen had significant effect on biologic yield, flower yield and productivity effort. The highest biologic yield, flower yield and productivity effort application 40 ton/ha fertilizer manure. Irrigation and application fertilizer manure and nitrogen interactions effect were significant in flower yield. The highest flower yield when irrigation after 40 mm evaporation from pan class A and application 40 ton/ha fertilizer manure. It seems, applging of Nitrogen fertilization had not significant effect on physiological characteristics on Calendula in water deficit stress. Manuscript profile
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  14 - Effects of water deficit stress and application of nitrogen on yield physiological indices of Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.)
  N. Rahmani T. Taherkhani J. Daneshian
  The effects of water deficit stress and nitrogen on yield physiological indices of Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.), The experiment were carried out in a split plot design based on completely randomized block design with 4 replications. Treatments were three levels More

  The effects of water deficit stress and nitrogen on yield physiological indices of Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.), The experiment were carried out in a split plot design based on completely randomized block design with 4 replications. Treatments were three levels of stress and irrigation after 40, 80 and 120 mm water evaporation from evaporation pan, and consumption of 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg/ha nitrogen. The results indicated that water deficit stress had significant effect on harvest index 50% flowering, flower weight to plant ratio 50% flowering, productivity effort 50% flowering, harvest index 100% flowering, productivity effort 100% flowering, harvest index 100%  second flowering, flower weight to plant ratio 100%  second flowering, productivity effort 100% second flowering, harvest index, flower weight to plant ratio, productivity effort. The highest harvest index (18.85), flower weight to plant ratio (13.15) and productivity effort (21.26) with irrigation after 40 mm evaporation. Nitrogen had signification effect on harvest index 50% flowering, flower weight to plant ratio 50% flowering , productivity effort 50% flowering, harvest index 100% flowering, productivity effort 100% flowering, harvest index 100%  second flowering, flower weight to plant ratio 100%  second flowering , productivity effort 100% second flowering, harvest index, flower weight to plant ratio, productivity effort. In water deficit stress nitrogen had significant effect on flower weight to plant ratio 100%  flowering. The results indicated that the best time for harvest in Calendula is when 100 percent flowering irrigation after 40 mm evaporation and 90 kg/ha nitrogen. Also the best time for seed harvest in the last stage is irrigation after 40 mm evaporation and 90 kg/ha nitrogen. Manuscript profile
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  15 - The effect of nitrogen fertilizer and zinc sulfate fertilizer application on yield of Calendula officinalis
  Ali Fezollahi Jahanfar Daneshian Abbas Maleki
  In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and zinc sulfate sources on Calendulaofficinalis  plant yield, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at 2011. Experimental factors included nitrog More

  In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and zinc sulfate sources on Calendulaofficinalis  plant yield, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at 2011. Experimental factors included nitrogen fertilizer sources (manure and urea fertilizer) with 4 levels, 0 tons of manure + 120 kg urea, 10 tons of manure + 90 kg urea, 20 tons of manure + 60 kg urea, 30 tons of manure + 30 kg urea and 40 tons of manure + 0 kg urea and zinc sulfate with 3 levels, no foliar application, 1 foliar application and 2 foliar application times were recommended. Results showed that different sources of urea fertilizer were applied on capitol diameter. Number of seeds per plant and flower harvest index had a significant effect, but no significant effect on grain harvest index. The plant represents a significant effect on harvest index and harvest index put Dada, but had no significant effect also results indicated that the interaction between different sources of nitrogen and sulfate on the number of seeds per plant were significant. Manuscript profile
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  16 - The effect of mycorrhizal fungi, water stress and year on flower yield and some characteristics of medicinal plant of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) in Yasouj region
  Ali Rahimi
  Identifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal More

  Identifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been used in many plants to deal with dehydration and drought stress. In this regard, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in the form of randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the Yasuj region at years 2015 and 2016. Water stress was considered as the main factor in the form of irrigation after 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of evaporation from the evaporation pan class A and mycorrhizal fungus was considered as a secondary factor in the form of no application, application of Glomus mosseae and application of Glomus intraradices. The results showed that the interaction of irrigation and mycorrhizal fungi on flower phosphorus, flower yield, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage was significant. In irrigation levels after 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan, the use of mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices compared to the absence of fungi respectively increased the yield of plant flowers (30.04% and 27.35 %), (90.2% and 90.98%), (93.21% and 94.1%) and (81.73% and 78.86%), also, at these levels of irrigation, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage flower achieved a significant increase in the presence of mycorrhizal fungus, compared to the absence of mycorrhizal fungus application. Application of both strains of mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices in irrigation levels after 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan compared to no application of mycorrhizal fungus, respectively, resulted in a significant increase in the harvest index of Borage flower (44.55% and 43.36%), (13.21% and 15.96%) and (5.6% and 5.41%) and flower phosphorus (44.69% and 20.45%), (150% and 125%) and ( 267.74% and 235.48%). Mycorrhizal fungus was able to moderate the negative effects of drought stress and increase the above-mentioned traits in those irrigation levels, and based on the results of this study, irrigation treatment after 90 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan + the use of Glomus mosseae mycorrhizal fungi is recommended. Manuscript profile
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  17 - Salinity tolerance of two marigold genotypes to salt stress at germination and adult stages
  Aylin Hajipour Fard Davoud Sadeghzadeh-Ahari
  10.22034/aej.2019.665003
  In this study, the effect of two sodium chloride concentrations of 4 and 8 g/L on two marigold sparse petal and compact petal genotypes evaluated at germination and adult stages using factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design. There were differences More

  In this study, the effect of two sodium chloride concentrations of 4 and 8 g/L on two marigold sparse petal and compact petal genotypes evaluated at germination and adult stages using factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design. There were differences between genotypes in some germination indices, vegetative and reproductive morphological and physiological traits.  Some traits were reduced by increasing sodium chloride concentration to 8 g/L in both growing stages.  Interactional effects of salt × genotype were significant on germination percentage and leaf water saturation deficient at seedling and adult stages, respectively. Sparse petal and compact petal genotypes were more tolerant to salinity in seedling and adult stages, respectively. Therefore, cultivation of compact petal marigold genotype in areas with water salinity problem up to 4 g/L NaCl is suitable and advisable. Manuscript profile