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Open Access Article
1 - An Investigation of the Relationship between the BRICS and Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Arezoo Kheradmandan Bahram Yousefi Roohollah Shahabi Shiva JalalpoorThe purpose of the present study is to explain the relationship between the BRICS members and the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research relies on the hypothesis that the relation between BRICS and the Islamic Republic of Iran is defined within the framework of foreign MoreThe purpose of the present study is to explain the relationship between the BRICS members and the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research relies on the hypothesis that the relation between BRICS and the Islamic Republic of Iran is defined within the framework of foreign relations between Iran and the BRICS nations. The method of study is descriptive analysis and the results show that although the BRICS is against the U.S unilateralism, it does not seem to have sufficient resources or be able to moderate the effects of U.S sanctions against Iran as much as it is expected. Among the BRICS states, Russia indirectly benefits from the U.S sanctions against Iran as Iran’s failure to produce more natural gas as well as its financial and technological failures to complete energy projects in near future would lead to a regional and global market in favor of Russia and to the detriment of Iran. On the other hand, the BRICS members have long-term plans to prevent the U.S unilateralism while they have not cut their political-economic relations with the U.S and have not challenged the structure of the international system. According to the approach of constructivism, the leaders ought to observe the norms of international structure in order to gain more benefit for their country as the constructivists hold that the countries’ foreign policy and their close relations in the international level take a serious form in terms of their common approaches. It is evident that the BRICS members take this fact into account and thereby they would not get into an ideological fight with the U.S in the international arena. Therefore, the relations with the BRICS countries would have no extreme and ideal effect on the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Discriminant Analysis of the Economic Development of the Economic Emerging Powers (BRICS) Based on Rostow’s Theory
Milad Mansoori Mohammad Torabi Masha'Allah HeydarpourThe purpose of the present study is to recognize and analyze the discriminant aspects and effective and facilitative main components in the economic development of the emerging powers (BRICS) based on Rostow’s theory. The main research question is: To what extent MoreThe purpose of the present study is to recognize and analyze the discriminant aspects and effective and facilitative main components in the economic development of the emerging powers (BRICS) based on Rostow’s theory. The main research question is: To what extent does the development strategy of the economic emerging powers (BRICS) rely on the approaches and procedures in Rostow’s theory of economic growth? The research method is descriptive-analytic and it has also made use of Rostow’s theoretical approach of growth. The results showed that apart from some minor similarities between BRICS’ development and Rostow’s model of growth, other aspects such as systematic changes, unitary level variation, global powers’ approach, necessity of rational decision making, common threatening sources, common and accumulative power sources, economic and political interests, and indigenization of the existing national and international potentials are among the effective components and discriminant aspects of BRICS’ development compared to western models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Towards Determining the Priorities in Areas of Physical Intervention Through Identification of Environmental Qualities in Urban Informal Fabrics
shirin shahideh Mohammad Hadi Kaboli Fariborz Dolat Abadi Vahid Shali Amini -
Open Access Article
4 - Test of the effect of access, use and skills in the field of information and communication technology and the variable of the ratio of liquidity to GDP on the employment rate of the BRICS countries and Iran
Fardin Naghdi Akbar Bagheri -
Open Access Article
5 - Comparing the New and Old Fabrics of Isfahan City Regarding Ecological Criteria
Esmaeil Shieh Marzie Ghassemi -
Open Access Article
6 - The composition and social origin of the Babi insurgents with an emphasis on the Babi rebellion in Mazandaran (1264-1265 AH)
sina foroozeshAbstract: Babism movement officially came to existence at the time of Mohammad Shah of Qajar dynasty in 1260 AH. At the beginning the movement had three principles of Babiasm, Mahdaviyat (believing in the Hidden Imam), and Prophethood. The founder of the movement, Seyye MoreAbstract: Babism movement officially came to existence at the time of Mohammad Shah of Qajar dynasty in 1260 AH. At the beginning the movement had three principles of Babiasm, Mahdaviyat (believing in the Hidden Imam), and Prophethood. The founder of the movement, Seyyed Ali Mohammad Shirazi, set to Azerbaijan on the behest of the Shah's Chancellor, Hajj Mirza Aqasi. He spent four months 2 years and three months in prison from 1264 to 1266 AH. When the babist lost the hope of their leader being set free, the movement entered a new era; an armed insurgency. Under the pretext of their leader's imprisonment, they started a rebellion and challenged the establishment. The culmination of this armed insurgency was when the group took the Sheik Tabarsi Citadel in Mazandaran for nine months. Eventually, they were defeated and the insurgency was put to rest. The current study deals with several factors of the movement, in particular the reason behind its varied social fabrics, the social origins of the rebels, and their motivations with the emphasis on the rebellion in Mazandaran (Sheikh Tabarsi Citadel). The research is conducted using historical research method and tries to be objective in its dealing with historical events. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - colors and motifs in Iranian fabrics of Islamic civilization: the first seven centuries
Afsaneh Heydari Amin Meftahi siamak nazemiTextile is one of the most important strategic arts-industries among Islamic cultural economic activities. During different eras, the beautiful combination of art and industry has led to the weaving and production of textile of different application and with the advent MoreTextile is one of the most important strategic arts-industries among Islamic cultural economic activities. During different eras, the beautiful combination of art and industry has led to the weaving and production of textile of different application and with the advent of Islam, there has been a lot of evolution in the characteristics of Iranian textiles, including colors and motifs. Hence the textile of the first seven centuries AH have got a special position. Iranian textiles of these eras, under the influence of religion, beliefs and political, social and economic conditions, have benefited from the features and characteristics that made them unique. Accordingly, the extraction and study of these features in the fields of color and motif can provide a high capacity for a better and deeper knowledge of Iranian – Islamic textiles for the development on the country’s clothing and textile industry. For this purpose, this research which is carried out using descriptive – analytical method, studies and analyzes the colors and motifs of Iranian fabrics from the advent of Islam to the end of the seventh century AH to provide the necessary theoretical foundation in terms of Islamic beliefs, for designing and producing modern Iranian textiles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Impact of Teachers’ Self-evaluations through Rubrics versus Supervisors’ Observation on their Performance in Setting Group-work Activities
Bahram Bagheri Elaheh Safari Pakrou -
Open Access Article
9 - An Optimal Pattern in Farahzad Problematic Fabric Using Enhanced Resilience Approach
nesa khazaey hossian mojtabazadehkhanghahiNatural disasters around the world have always been a major challenge for sustainable development. As a result, ways to achieve this development through vulnerability reduction models have become necessary. Explaining the relationship between resilience to natural disas MoreNatural disasters around the world have always been a major challenge for sustainable development. As a result, ways to achieve this development through vulnerability reduction models have become necessary. Explaining the relationship between resilience to natural disasters and how social, economic, institutional, and political capacities of societies influence resilience enhancement and recognition of resilience dimensions in society is therefore important to reduce the risk of disasters. The main purpose of this research is to analyze the status of resilience in Farahzad problematic fabric and to present optimal patterns in these fabrics using single sample t-technique and structural equations. The results of the t-test of social, economic, and managerial-institutional resiliency indices showed that seven variables were used to evaluate the social index and also the analysis of collected data showed that people's satisfaction with ability variables, adaptation to turbulence, and participation rates, social bonds with neighbors are above average, and there is acceptable satisfaction. The p –value of the T-test for these six variables is 0.00, since the error is less than the acceptable error rate of the test, which means less than 0.05, the difference can be statistically meaningful. The level of satisfaction observed for these measures is moderately satisfactory to a level that is significant at the 99% of confidence level; however, for the variable of knowledge and awareness of the crisis, the level of satisfaction is moderate and there is a significant dissatisfaction in this regard, and since the observed p-values for all of these indices are less than 0.05, it can be concluded that the observed difference from the respondents’ viewpoint and the average level of community satisfaction were quite significant. Finally, the social resiliency index was 3.50 and the p-value was less than 0.05 (0.000). It shows the satisfaction of the people of the Farahzad neighborhood with the index of social resilience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Preparation of antibacterial nanocomposite cotton fabrics with in situ generated silver and silver oxide nanoparticles by bioreduction using Moringa oliefiera leaf extract
Umamahesh MallavarapuAqueous Moringa Oliefiera (MO) leaves extraction is employed as a reductant to generate silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver oxide nanoparticles (Ag2ONPs) in cellulose fabrics by in situ technique. The biosynthesized nanocomposite cotton fabrics (NCFs) were analysed MoreAqueous Moringa Oliefiera (MO) leaves extraction is employed as a reductant to generate silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver oxide nanoparticles (Ag2ONPs) in cellulose fabrics by in situ technique. The biosynthesized nanocomposite cotton fabrics (NCFs) were analysed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) associated Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) methods. The shape and mean size of AgNPs in NCFs were found to be globular and 82 nm, respectively and their formation in NCFs was established by SEM studies. EDX analysis established the presence of silver metal. The XRD analysis revealed that the obtained silver based nanoparticles were crystalline in nature. The TG and DTG analysis showed that the obtained NCFs were thermally stable. These NCFs exhibited good antibacterial activity against Gram negative (G-ve) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Gram positive (G+ve) Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) bacteria. The mechanical properties such as modulus, tensile strain and stress of NCFs were also tested, utilizing universal testing machine (UTM). The modulus was found to be 276.4 MPa. These NCFs can be used in medicine for making antibacterial napkins, wound dressing bandage cloth, etc., and as packaging materials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - BRICS and Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran
abdilreza seifi mohammadbagher khorramshadBRICS is the acronym for an association of five major emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. Originally the first four were grouped as "BRIC" (or "the BRICs"), before the induction of South Africa in 2010. The BRICS members are all l MoreBRICS is the acronym for an association of five major emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. Originally the first four were grouped as "BRIC" (or "the BRICs"), before the induction of South Africa in 2010. The BRICS members are all leading developing or newly industrialized countries, but they are distinguished by their large, sometimes fast-growing economies and significant influence on regional affairs; all five are G-20 members.As of 2015, the five BRICS countries represent over 3.6 billion people, or about 41% of the world population; all five members are in the top 25 of the world by population, and four are in the top 10. The five nations have a combined nominal GDP of US$16.6 trillion, equivalent to approximately 22% of the gross world product, combined GDP (PPP) of around US$37 trillion and an estimated US$4 trillion in combined foreign reserves Overall the BRICS are forecasted to expand 4.6% in 2016, from an estimated growth of 3.9% in 2015. The World Bank expects BRICS growth to pick up to 5.3% in 2017.In this article analyze Foreign Policy Strategies of the Islamic Republic of Iran and BRICS politics in the international system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Foreign Policy of Emerging Powers toward America: Accompanying or Balancing? (Case Study: BRICS)
Seyed Ahmad Fatemi Nejad Samaneh Shafi Zadeh Fatemeh DaneshvarAbstract: BRICS is a group of emerging powers consisting of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa who are pursuing a revisionist foreign policy in challenge to the United States unilateralism in international relations. This group of countries is trying to stre MoreAbstract: BRICS is a group of emerging powers consisting of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa who are pursuing a revisionist foreign policy in challenge to the United States unilateralism in international relations. This group of countries is trying to strengthen economic, political and demographic potentials of themselves and can constitute the as main poles of a multi-polar structure of future world. Meanwhile the attempt of this group of countries for creating a multilateral system is a usual practice in international relations which is based on their potentials. The question raised by the present article is what is the foreign policy of BRICS towards the unilateralism practiced by the United States in international relations? The underlying hypothesis is that BRICS has chosen a kind of revisionist policy based on soft balancing against the United States unilateralism. The theory of soft balance should be a suitable approach to examine the hypothesis through two variables, i.e. “disparity of power” and “economic dependency”. Finding of the study shows that BRICS is indirectly trying to strengthen multilateralism in international relations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Analysis and Evaluation of Resilience of Urban Deteriorated Fabrics (Case Study: District 7 of Tehran)
Mohammad Javad Khosravi alireza estelaji S. Piri Hamidreza SabbaghiToday, urban resilience in the field of worn-out textures has become a major issue in the field of spatial and urban decision-making. Therefore, urban managers and policy makers have devoted a significant part of their resources and facilities in the field of document p MoreToday, urban resilience in the field of worn-out textures has become a major issue in the field of spatial and urban decision-making. Therefore, urban managers and policy makers have devoted a significant part of their resources and facilities in the field of document preparation and operational processes to the realization and reduction of its effectiveness in the face of possible urban crises. The aim of this study was to analyze the dimensions of social and physical resilience in District 7 of Tehran Municipality. The research method is descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of purpose. One-sample t-test, Pearson correlation and regression coefficient in SPSS and Arc GIS software were used to analyze the data. The results of the data in the present study showed that the physical dimension is in the first rank (2.71) and the social dimension is in the second rank (2.53). In the end, it can be concluded that urban resilience in District 7 of Tehran Municipality is unstable and weak due to the dimensions of physical and social resilience. Therefore, this region has low physical and social resilience against natural disasters and hazards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Investigating the antimicrobial effects of textiles impregnated with ginger plant extract on some pathogenic microbes
Hamidreza Karimi Mohhamadreza Basiri Zahra DarabIn this article the antimicrobial effects and activity of the polypropylene fabrics used in medical textiles impregnated with ginger plant extract with the scientific name Zingiber officinale Rosc from the ginger family were investigated. For this purpose the fabrics ar MoreIn this article the antimicrobial effects and activity of the polypropylene fabrics used in medical textiles impregnated with ginger plant extract with the scientific name Zingiber officinale Rosc from the ginger family were investigated. For this purpose the fabrics are impregnated with aqueous, methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of ginger, and then the antimicrobial effect of the prepared fabrics on the microbes S. aureus, C. albicans, B. cereus, E. aerogenes, E. coli, B. subtilis, P. vulgaris were investigated. For anti-microbial tests, the growth inhibition halo diameter measurement method and disk blank were used. Each experiment had three simultaneous repetitions. For each repetition four petri dishes were considered. Statistical analysis of the results was done by comparing the mean of repetitions (Duncan's test). The results showed that ginger extracts have an inhibitory effect on all the microorganisms used in this research, and it can be considered an effective plant against microbes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Brics Unfinished Coalition and Its Relationship with the Islamic Republic of Iran
Jahanbakh Izadi Mostafa Motahari.khAbstract: The global economy in the paradigm shift from the parameters is dominated by the west towards the multipolar is emerging economic powers in the different continents which the Brix Group is a symbol of this approach. In fact, the most important concern to the s MoreAbstract: The global economy in the paradigm shift from the parameters is dominated by the west towards the multipolar is emerging economic powers in the different continents which the Brix Group is a symbol of this approach. In fact, the most important concern to the south and of the main dilemmas in international relations in the last half century, when non Western countries also with understanding the complexity of these relations is doubly; in this regard. It seems to Iran in order to use its own resources and capabilities to the new definition of their relations on the basis of value - criteria ideological confrontation with the West and to provide their national interests, communication and interaction with an institution like Brics. This paper in its official is benefiting from the analytical few resources, while the definition of the nature of the goals and challenges facing Brics and the impact on the role of transnational group in the international system and how they interact with each other and other nations. Manuscript profile
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