Ashura

Open Access Article

1 - Emanation of Ashura and Hosseini revolution in Shiite poetry Formation and evolution era
Seyyed Hossein Seyyedi Houshang Ostadi

The present article expresses the historical, political, social, cultural and literal fields in the formation process of Epic poetry with a comparative look. It also surveys the reflection of religious values (province, injustice, jihad, martyrdom, propagation of human More

The present article expresses the historical, political, social, cultural and literal fields in the formation process of Epic poetry with a comparative look. It also surveys the reflection of religious values (province, injustice, jihad, martyrdom, propagation of human ideals) in Arabic and Persian literature by offering informative samples; and at the end studies the concepts, verbal and spiritual structures and their literal consequence s and values. Manuscript profile

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2 - The Quranic Martyr in the History of Persian Poetry from Kasayee Maroozi to Behbahani Tajali
Azizollah Salari

Quoting a Hadith from Imam Reza, distinguished interpreters of the Holy Quran argue that by “The Great Sacrifice” in the Holy Verse “And We sacrificed it with The Great Sacrifice”, the Holy Qur’an is pointing to Hussein b. Ali. He is &ldquo More

Quoting a Hadith from Imam Reza, distinguished interpreters of the Holy Quran argue that by “The Great Sacrifice” in the Holy Verse “And We sacrificed it with The Great Sacrifice”, the Holy Qur’an is pointing to Hussein b. Ali. He is “God’s Sacrifice” and “God’s Blood” whose sacrifice occurred in 61 A.H. Definitely he is the most spiritual and Quranic martyr in human history. Therefore, Persian poets and authors have created significant and influential poems on the magnitude of Imam Hussein’s spiritual uprising. The most outstanding historical theme addressed by various Persian artists is the unique issue of Ashura which was realized through the brilliant acts of Hussein and his loyal and valiant comrades in Karbala. Being inspired by this great and invaluable epic, Persian artists have created a prominent literature, including the most eloquent and exalting poems on Ashura. The present article aims to review Ashura literature, from Kasayee Maroozi to Behbahani Tajali.   Manuscript profile

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3 - Imam Hussein (AS) and Ashura ceremonies in the Viewpoint of Antoine Barra
Masoud Sarhaddi Azizollah Salari

Antoine Bara, a Christian researcher and author of “Imam Hossein in Christian Ideology”, considers himself a Christian following Imam Hossein (AS) and his school of thought, i.e. Shiites. He describes Imam Hossein (AS) “the living and awake conscience More

Antoine Bara, a Christian researcher and author of “Imam Hossein in Christian Ideology”, considers himself a Christian following Imam Hossein (AS) and his school of thought, i.e. Shiites. He describes Imam Hossein (AS) “the living and awake conscience of all religions all the time.”  In his view, Imam Hossein’s (AS) career and life is most comparable to that of Jesus Christ (PBUH). Bara believes that Ashura’s mourning ceremonies and rituals keeps the event alive in people’s mind. Manuscript profile

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4 - The Effect of Ashura Poetries after Islamic Revolution on Poetries about Holy Shrine Defenders
Zohreh Yazdan Panah Qareh Tappeh Atousa Rasouli

Since there is no text without pre – text according to intertextuality main rule and all contexts have always been founded based on last contexts (text), thus Ashura event – as an independent context – create proper field for identification with simila More

Since there is no text without pre – text according to intertextuality main rule and all contexts have always been founded based on last contexts (text), thus Ashura event – as an independent context – create proper field for identification with similar situations (to Ashura) in future centuries. In 90th decade and by starting war in Syria and Iraq followed by forming Holy Shrine defenders (group) in various countries including Iran – which evokes Ashura  and its characters – not only the term “Holy Shrine defenders” entered literature vocabulary specifically Iran’s poetry, but also prepared the field for presenting poetries about “Holy Shrine defenders”. The present paper intends to study samples on “Ashura poetries” of Iran after Islamic Revolution as well as the ones on “Holy Shrine defenders” in 90th decade based on intertextuality approach according to Gérard Genette’s attitude and the method is descriptive – analytical. Manuscript profile

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5 - Examine the simile element in Ashura poetry of sacred defense poets(Nasrollah Mardani, Ali Moallem, Tahere Safarzadeh, Fatemeh Rakei)
Tahereh Satarian Mohammad Reza Shad Mannamen

10.30495/dk.2023.700179

The simile is at the top of the expression style, in that way the most obvious forms of imagination is the simile element that the most used  in all times. Paying attention to the analogy in contemporary poetry has also been one of the most important principles in More

The simile is at the top of the expression style, in that way the most obvious forms of imagination is the simile element that the most used  in all times. Paying attention to the analogy in contemporary poetry has also been one of the most important principles in the poetry of poets of sustainability literature that is the best expressed. Thinking and reflecting on the work of sacred defense(Nasrollah Mardani, Ali Moallem, Tahereh Safarzadeh, Fatemeh Rakei) poets somehow it opens the way to understanding imitation of these people  and the other hand it shows the ingenuity of these poets. In fact ,the metaphorical structures in a poet’s poetry are among the first components that reflect this change. The similes have the specific place in the poetry of this period and many of them have mystical roots. In fact the most poets of sacred defense in expression in analogy in his poem have used tangible and material elements and the use of abstract elements in making similes has become commonplace. This article is a descriptive_ analytical study based on library data examine the simile element in Ashura poetry of sacred defense poets. Manuscript profile

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6 - Ritual Blank Verse
Zahra Mahmoodi Abbas Mahyar

During the emergence of modern poetry in Iran and the literary ups and downs after Nima’s revision in Persian Poetry, many poets combined literary genres with socio-political motifs and experienced new literary works. A few others, however, favored religious and t More

During the emergence of modern poetry in Iran and the literary ups and downs after Nima’s revision in Persian Poetry, many poets combined literary genres with socio-political motifs and experienced new literary works. A few others, however, favored religious and theistic motifs for one reason or another. The focus of this research is the history of ritual blank verse in Iran as well as introducing the after-Islamic-revolution works that affected by Ashura teachings brought up a new trend in Iranian contemporary verse. This trend, as a new approach, now is very important to some poets and they are experiencing it. This research also aims at investigating the role of some pre-revolution poets in bringing up this new type of poetry and the main elements of blank verse as used by them Manuscript profile

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7 - Criticism of some semantic components of sacred defense Ashura poetry based on poems )Ali Moalem, Nasrollah Mardani, Fatemeh Rakei, Tahereh Safa Zadeh(
Tahereh Satarian Tofigh Hashempoor Sobhani

10.30495/dk.2020.678936

Sustainability literature in Iran has long played an important role in expressing and inducing resistance concepts with manifestation in various Persian poems and pros and in connection with Ashura literature and the epic spirit of its epiphany, the reporter has been fi More

Sustainability literature in Iran has long played an important role in expressing and inducing resistance concepts with manifestation in various Persian poems and pros and in connection with Ashura literature and the epic spirit of its epiphany, the reporter has been fighting, sustaining and resisting all kinds of aggression and oppression. Meanwhile, the epic expresses a more detailed description of the treachery and heroism of Imam Hussein (AS) and his followers during the course of Ashura as a type of literary index. Considering the necessity of completing the theoretical debates on the Holy Defense literature, especially the poetry of persistence during the imposed war, and the importance of recognizing and the presence of the epic element in the Ashura poetry, by examining the relationship between the real epic elements of Ashura in the verse of the Holy Defense in terms of commons such as definitions, role play The same characters and hero, having the essence of the protest, must be criticized. Sacred Defense Literature has used a significant amount of poetry, poetry, rage and mention of the sufferings of Imam Hussein and his followers even more than saga and courage; therefore, the review, critique and analysis of the epic element in the Holy Defense Literature of the Holy Qur'an have been considered in this article. This paper deals with the descriptive-analytical method based on library data and analyzes the epic element in the poetry of Ashura Ali Mokham, Fatemeh Rake'i, Tahereh Safarzadeh and Nasrollah Mardani. Manuscript profile

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8 - The role of Kashefi's Martyrs Elegies in the Spreading of Ashura History Distortions
hamid reza jadidi

10.30495/dk.2021.682096

Mullah Hussein Kashefi's Martyrs Elegies book (910 A.H) which depicts Ashura's Events is one of the first books about the killings of Ashura which enjoy a literary language attraction of great influence. Since its writing, this book has been criticized its wrong narrati More

Mullah Hussein Kashefi's Martyrs Elegies book (910 A.H) which depicts Ashura's Events is one of the first books about the killings of Ashura which enjoy a literary language attraction of great influence. Since its writing, this book has been criticized its wrong narration of the history of this event. It is considered one of the first books giving wrong historical accounts with poor historical supports about event happening on Ashura. In this article, after a brief  account about the late Timurids era and Kashefi's biography, different ideas about this book and its author have been discussed along with the reasons for distortions mentioned in the book and public interest in it. Also resources used and his narration style have been studied.  The findings show that the main reasons for such distortions are Kashefi's lack of source, fictional narration style like Sufis, relying on his own memories as an orator, lack of accuracy  in his narrations of events, and Kashefi's intention to motivate Shiites of his time to create a connection with Prophet Mohammad 's family (PBUH). It can also be said that Timurids in Khorasan created an atmosphere from which a kind of Shiites was born by which the Safavids advertise this kind of shiism. Manuscript profile

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9 - Look at The Campaign of Hussein ibn Ali (AS) and The Combination of Mohtasham Kashani
Fereydoun Koure’ei Abbas Mahyar

Manuscript profile

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10 - Review the ideas Of mysticism, Rumi and aman SamaniAshoura
Heshmat Gheisari

How horrible tragedy of Karbala is that all the scenes of angry feelings, and sacrifice and love.About the great event of Ashura, has spoken in many different ways, but many of the fundamental mysteries of this uprising and martyrdom, the need to pause and carefully.One More

How horrible tragedy of Karbala is that all the scenes of angry feelings, and sacrifice and love.About the great event of Ashura, has spoken in many different ways, but many of the fundamental mysteries of this uprising and martyrdom, the need to pause and carefully.One of the varied and important aspects of this incident, then it is mystical, that whenever such a sharp and subtle mystic adventure in perspective isAnd long-mystical concepts are consistent with your language and poetic imagery allegory and take advantage of the power supply, it is evident from new angles. This paper is an effort to achieve the elite Iranian mystical literature of the ideas of two warriors in Sufism Ashoura Mohammad Balkhi Rumi and aman Samani.The author has tried first with the famous works of two poetsAnd bounce with the help of the description and analytical interpretations and booksThe most prominent aspect of their thoughts to the mysticism AshouraAnd then citing verses from the works of these two poets,Ashoura mysticism in the poetry review.And finally with the common points and differences in comparison to the ideas of these two great poets. Manuscript profile

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11 - Mystical Themes and Concepts in Poems by Alireza Ghazveh and Ahmad Azizi
Nahid Hemmati reza fahimi Mohammad Taghi Ghandi

Mystical literature is part of the literary heritage created by mystic poets under the influence of Sufism.Mystical themes have been deeply connected with the literature of stability since ancient times, and after the holy defense, its connection has become deeper.Mysti More

Mystical literature is part of the literary heritage created by mystic poets under the influence of Sufism.Mystical themes have been deeply connected with the literature of stability since ancient times, and after the holy defense, its connection has become deeper.Mystical themes not only have a special place in the poems of the prominent mystical poet of the past, but also in the poetry of contemporary poets of stability, especially Azizi and Qazveh.Sustainable literature that is tied to the historical event of Ashura And warriors, by setting an example of Imam Hussein (AS) in protecting the honor and zeal of the homeland and resisting oppression; He chose martyrdom, which is a red and mystical death and the attainment of excellence and perfectionAnd Qazveh and Azizi in the era of holy defense with the benefit of mystical themes; The literature of sustainability is adorned with mystical themesAnd with poems in order not to care about carnal and worldly belongings, they decorated themes such as love, unity of existence, annihilation and survival, manifestation, astonishment and mystical mysteries such as butler, may, makdeh, ruin, contemporary literature.In this research, which has been done by descriptive-analytical method, while presenting the evidence of the example of the poets in question, the analysis of mystical concepts based on their poems is mentioned.And then in conclusion, two poets have benefited from mystical concepts, especially the voluntary death of martyrs. Manuscript profile

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12 - Art Paintings in the Ashura`s sonnets of Saeed Biabanki
katauon habibi kobra nodehi

Ashura has always been the focus of writers and poets. After the Islamic Revolution poets paid more attention to Ashura poetry. Among these poets, Saeed Biabanki can be named in the contemporary era. The present study investigates, analyzes and critiques the Ashura poet More

Ashura has always been the focus of writers and poets. After the Islamic Revolution poets paid more attention to Ashura poetry. Among these poets, Saeed Biabanki can be named in the contemporary era. The present study investigates, analyzes and critiques the Ashura poetry of this poet from the point of view of artistic and thematic images based on descriptive-analytic method in order to express its images and themes. Familiarity with prominent contemporary Ashura poets, identification of prominent post-revolutionary Ashura sonnets, and the use of visual language to explain the concepts of Ashura in the form of sonnets, are important in this research. The study of this collection shows that the poet portrayed the concepts of thirst, martyrdom and oppression of Sayyid al-Shohada (AS) and his loyal companions by utilizing imaginative factors on the horizontal axis, with symbol and metaphor at the top. The method used in this study is detailed analytical (library). Manuscript profile

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13 - An Aesthetical crticism of Qeisar Aminpour's Ashura-Related Poetical Codes
Mazaher Zamani Nematsara Mohammad Reza Zaman Ahmadi

The linkage of Ashura event with Iran" s culture and thought has made these poems highly important. The event of Ashura and  the poems on it form the basic axis of Aminpour's poems, making him an important figure in this respect. The present research tries to criti More

The linkage of Ashura event with Iran" s culture and thought has made these poems highly important. The event of Ashura and  the poems on it form the basic axis of Aminpour's poems, making him an important figure in this respect. The present research tries to criticize his Ashura related poems from the perpective of modernism, images and scientific discourse. The findings indicate that Aminpour Ashura related poems distant from extremism, analogy and stereotypes and modified the trend of modernism in these poetical codes. He has rendered new pictures based on his owm experiences and has applied a rational , critical and scientific approach in Ashura - centered poems while avoiding populism and creating a spectacular change in this respect. Manuscript profile

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14 - Stylistic Analysis of Composite-Tie" with Kara vane Neizeh" a song by Ali Reza Ghazveh Researchers
aziz zilabi Masoud Pakdel sima mansoori Mansoureh tadayoni

10.30495/farsij.2021.685686

The composite poem "With Neizeh Caravan" by AlirezaGhazveh is one of the most famous poems in contemporary religious literature. While creating an epic poem, the poet describes mostly the goals and consequences of the event and talks about the factors leading to its occ More

The composite poem "With Neizeh Caravan" by AlirezaGhazveh is one of the most famous poems in contemporary religious literature. While creating an epic poem, the poet describes mostly the goals and consequences of the event and talks about the factors leading to its occurrence, making it a platform for expressing the concepts of freedom, defending rights, and resisting tyranny. At the structurelevel, its rhymes, rows, and word choice are all chosen for that purpose. The themes of his poetry also refer to this event as a great revolution.Paying attention to internal music, giving prominence to ideas and concepts, using the marked vocabularies, fluency and simplicity, eloquent elements artistically, making pictures of imagination and emotion, paying attention to addressee -centered and meanings, emphasizing on religious, revolutionary , humane and ideal concepts are among the features of his poetry style.Since stylistics is a tool for recognizing the poet's human, scientific, literary and ideological identity, this paper uses a descriptive-analytical procedure to investigate obvious stylistic features of the poet's Ashoraee composite based on layering stylistics. The results show the poet uses all the possibilities of poetry to explain his religious ideas and based on these ideas and Alavi, Hosseini and Ashurathemes, he can be called a conceptualist poet. A look at the literary and linguistic aspects of Ghazveh's poetry shows the poet knows the literary and linguistic standards of the past and present and wherever he deems appropriate, heuses them to add to his wordinfluence. Manuscript profile

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15 - A comparative study of Ashura lament in Minab and Muscat
Babak Dehghani Mohammad Aref Parnaz Godarzparvari Hasan Riyahi

Mourning is different in Minab and Muscat, on the shores of the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman. It is obvious that Ashura poems in "Minab" and "Muscat" are very different in various aspects, including "literature" (language, dialect, dialect).In Minab, most people s More

Mourning is different in Minab and Muscat, on the shores of the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman. It is obvious that Ashura poems in "Minab" and "Muscat" are very different in various aspects, including "literature" (language, dialect, dialect).In Minab, most people speak Persian. Therefore; Most of the poems in this region are in Persian, which is sometimes recited in the Minabi dialect. There is a great variety of Minabi laments in terms of weight. Minab Ashura poems have been composed in the form of Masnavi, Mustazad, Tarji Band, Ode, Ghazal, Bahr Tavil, etc., which causes a variety of themes and weights. In Muscat, the capital of Oman, the common language is Arabic. Therefore, the lamentations of this region are in Arabic. In Minab, Ashura ceremonies, whether Ashura poetry night or Ashura ceremonies, are held in the form of non-governmental organizations and the majority of people are interested in this ceremony, but in Oman and this issue, it is different in Muscat. The predominant religion in Muscat is Sunni. Therefore; These ceremonies are also held at the Iranian embassy, which can be used by the Shiites of this region. In the end, it is concluded that although the lament in Minab is different from the lament in Muscat in terms of language, but it has commonalities such as the use of literary arrays, content, and so on.The necessity of conducting this research is determined by the position and importance of Ashura among Muslims. Manuscript profile

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16 - Funeral ceremony in Saffavid period On the basis of explorers` travels
H.R Safakish

Funeral ceremony in Saffavid period is concerned in Iranians whom regarded the caliphate was due to Ali and his sons. Saffavid dynasty who lived on the basis of Shiite, knew that keeping alive the mourning of Imam Hossein (P.) was the most important factor for heart tie More

Funeral ceremony in Saffavid period is concerned in Iranians whom regarded the caliphate was due to Ali and his sons. Saffavid dynasty who lived on the basis of Shiite, knew that keeping alive the mourning of Imam Hossein (P.) was the most important factor for heart tie of the people. Ta`zieh (mourning) is a cultural behavior for Iranians to preserve the sacredness of human prominent values, because its observance in society indicates the cruel on the one hand, and the harassed on the other hand , i.e. the same historical struggle of right and wrong, and it is obvious that finally the truth is victorious. An article about this kind of ceremonies in Saffavid period (the middle history of Iran) is written in the history of Cambridge vol.7 which shows its importance. The disaster of killing Hossein b. Ali (P.) and his advocates in the `Ashura day has been a course for making a painful poetic reality in the world. Manuscript profile

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17 - The Study of the Semantic Aspects of Togh in the Contemporary Visual Arts of Iran (Case study of painting - visual communication - drawing)
Tila Asgharzadeh Mansoury Mohammad Aref Parnaz Goodarzparvari

10.30495/jss.2021.1909034.1237

The aim of the present study is to discover the relationship between the Alamat (as an example of Iranian-Islamic metal handicrafts) and the religious visual arts in recent years. The Toogh (collar) has long been one of the special tools for mourning the Seyyed al-shoha More

The aim of the present study is to discover the relationship between the Alamat (as an example of Iranian-Islamic metal handicrafts) and the religious visual arts in recent years. The Toogh (collar) has long been one of the special tools for mourning the Seyyed al-shohada in Iranian Islamic culture and civilization. In the ninth and tenth centuries AH, we can see the Toogh in Iranian paintings. Later in the Pahlavi era, it was so prominent in the paintings of the Saqakhaneh school as an element of the folkloric art of the Iranian people. But after the Islamic Revolution of Iran, especially in recent years, we can see the Alamat in the drawings of various sub-branches of visual communication (such as posters, illustration, logos, etc.), paintings, decoration, jewelry designs and fashion and clothing.The present study tries to answer questions such as how the Alamat is presented in these art works and the semantics of the different forms of these symbols in combination with other works of visual arts.The data is collected through library and field research method and the result shows that in recent years, Ashura symbols have had some changes, in addition to their main uses (mourning tools), and have taken on new functions and are more prominent in religious graphics than other items. In addition, it has been one of the main elements in designing religious jewelry called "religious plaque" and is generally considered as one of the main symbols of Shiite art in the world. Manuscript profile

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18 - Ashoura Images in Recent Persian Poetry
اصغر اسمعیلی Maryam Reisi

The impact of the uprising of Karbala from the period of beginning the formation to the development and flourishing on Ashura poetry, with its lofty language and unique themes that eventually found its specific expressive style of spiritual verbal and with dramatic work More

The impact of the uprising of Karbala from the period of beginning the formation to the development and flourishing on Ashura poetry, with its lofty language and unique themes that eventually found its specific expressive style of spiritual verbal and with dramatic works worthy of attention and reliable provided an independent school a poetry. As a result Ashura poetry can be defined like this: Is poem about Imam Hussein and his loyal companions that composed in year 61 Hijri as the year of start this poetry. In this article, recent poets look in represent the symbols of Ashura event in their poetry and explaining the purpose of poetry composed in this case study in the world. In this paper , Ashura images in the works of poets such as Mousavi Garmaroudi, Qaisar Aminpoor, Kasraie, Moalem , Saghir , Moshfegh Kashani , Mardani have been analyzed and studied. Manuscript profile

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19 - A Comparative Study of Elhami Ashura Poems with Abbas Gholi Yahyavi from an Epic aspect
Gholamreza Ziyai Niri Khodabakhsh Asadollahi Khalil Hadidi

10.30495/irll.2023.1954943.1502

The great event of Ashura is full of persistence and epics in which Imam Hussein (A.S.) and his noble companions were the heroes, so this aspect (epic) of that eternal event is more prominent than other dimensions and it has a special significance. In the present articl More

The great event of Ashura is full of persistence and epics in which Imam Hussein (A.S.) and his noble companions were the heroes, so this aspect (epic) of that eternal event is more prominent than other dimensions and it has a special significance. In the present article, using a comparative approach, the epic, ritualistic backgrounds of Ashura are explained in the works of Elhami Kermanshahi and Abbas Gholi Yahyavi Ardabili and the reflection of ritual (religious) and epic values of Ashura such as: steadfastness, self-sacrifice, resistance, struggle and resistance against tyranny of oppressive individuals and governments, praise of freedom and libertarianism, incompatibility against oppression, invitation to defense and perseverance against tyrants and Jihad and martyrdom, and Shiite revolutionary ideas were studied in the field of Persian and Turkish literature with thought-provoking and instructive examples. Finally, the article concludes by examining the poetic purposes and its value and literary consequences. Manuscript profile

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20 - Ideological Stylistic Analysis of Contemporary Ashurayi Poetry Of Three Poems by Moallem Damqani, Musavi Garmarudi, and Saffarzade
parven golizadeh mahmod rezai

Ideological stylistics of religious texts is a significant point, helping critics to know the text much more and revealing a set of seemingly hidden points on the ideological approach of the text. Its aim is to uncover the function of ideology, and its limits within the More

Ideological stylistics of religious texts is a significant point, helping critics to know the text much more and revealing a set of seemingly hidden points on the ideological approach of the text. Its aim is to uncover the function of ideology, and its limits within the text, that is, in which ideological frame the text is located, and how much it is deconstructing that frame, or how much it is following or disobeying it. In the present research, studying the poems of three outstanding Ashurayi poetry, we have shown how much they have been loyal to the Islamic ideology, or they have reached the rubrics of the frame, and also considering their poetic innovations and ideological conceptualizations in the poems. In sum, we concluded that Ali Moallem Damqani is a traditional poet who sometimes reaches to the rubrics to develop his poems, producing different conceptualizations from the ideology. Ali Musavi Garmarudi, a poet who appraises the art and the beauty of his poetic devices more than the other poets, while less loyal to the religious tradition. Beside these two, Tahere Saffarzade is a poet who uses very cautiously of religious ideological concepts, and puts the ideology and content in relation to form in prior. Manuscript profile

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21 - The women's resistance movement in Karbala is one of the factors that perpetuates the Ashura movement
Narjes Nasr Allahi

There were great women throughout Islam who, through their actions, preserved and spread Islam and preserved the tradition of the Prophet (PBUH); Among these women are women who play a role in perpetuating the Karbala incident and can be role models for other Muslim wom More

There were great women throughout Islam who, through their actions, preserved and spread Islam and preserved the tradition of the Prophet (PBUH); Among these women are women who play a role in perpetuating the Karbala incident and can be role models for other Muslim women. The Ashura uprising and the women's resistance movement on Ashura brought about a great revolution in keeping the religion of Islam alive. With the resistance movement, knowledge and piety, raising mujahid and pious children, raising the family and being on the scene of Karbala with their husbands, children and brothers, these women made a significant contribution to the perpetuation of the Karbala uprising. She is considered as a role model and guide for other Muslim women and girls in the Islamic society. The presence of women and children accompanying Imam Hussein (AS) who, according to their history, were the purest Muslim women who bravely took the stage of Ashura in the struggle against truth and falsehood, enduring many calamities and sufferings, captivity, stating the reason for Imam Hussein (AS) uprising They picked it up and stood up. Manuscript profile

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22 - Critical Discourse Analysis in the Poetry of Seyed Hassan Hosseini Safarnameh Khaizaran on Fairclough Discourse Analysis Theory
marzieh hosseini rokn abadi reza fahimi manijeh fallahi

Discourse is a type of language application in a specific field and the study of social and cultural developments affecting the language structure. According to Fairclough, discourse analysis is the integration of text and society with the structure of language. Discour More

Discourse is a type of language application in a specific field and the study of social and cultural developments affecting the language structure. According to Fairclough, discourse analysis is the integration of text and society with the structure of language. Discourses are different representations of social life that place social actors in different situations and represent social life in different ways to creatively create a regular world through everyday methods. The analysis of each discourse has three perspectives;Analyzing the forms and structures of syntax that represent the author's point of view, the use of literary arts that is a big step in the personalization of language, and the analysis of the nature of literary speech that is a great way of communication in the service of society. Hosseini connects the melodious words to the symbol of zeal and the anti-tyranny nation and removes the objective veils from this great event. In his Ashura poem "Safarnameh Khaizran", he depicts the oppressed martyrdom of Alamdar of Karbala with an epic and strong tone in the form of Nimai's poetry. The upcoming research with descriptive and Analytical metod looking for answer to this question that what is the use of language and discourse in this poem? Manuscript profile

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23 - Review of Legitimizing Rituals and Symbols at the IRIB Programs Focusing on Religious Practices
Mojtaba Maqhsoodi Jafar Alipour

Abstract Symbol, myth and ritual, the Systems of values that if the political system as the tools to exercise power or control or order and social solidarity and integration used, can be carriers for this purpose well because Instead the people have beliefs and convi More

Abstract Symbol, myth and ritual, the Systems of values that if the political system as the tools to exercise power or control or order and social solidarity and integration used, can be carriers for this purpose well because Instead the people have beliefs and convictions. This paper will answer the question that symbols and rituals used in radio and television programs, how to increase the legitimacy of the ruling political system is? Research related to this article is descriptive and theoretical studies related to the "legitimacy" and "symbol and religion" has been developed. The results showed that the national media, using tools such as symbols and procedures acceptable to the community is trying to intentionally increase the legitimacy of Alma and the system provided the system and connect people to people and leaders to strengthen the system and the role create a major field of authority to accept government has had with people.       Manuscript profile

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24 - The Thematic Studying of the "Ashuraee Elegies" from Haydar Shabgard " In the mold of Liberty, revival of Islamic religion, Divine love and guidance"
Fatemeh Aghazadeh Rasool E'tebari

Abstract         One of the impressive matters which has appealed the attention of the literary men and those who are poetry lovers is the threnody which denotes, in common, the poetry which is composed on the death of a loved one and More

Abstract         One of the impressive matters which has appealed the attention of the literary men and those who are poetry lovers is the threnody which denotes, in common, the poetry which is composed on the death of a loved one and enumerating his/her positive affairs; and specifically the dole and martyrdom of Imam Hossein (p. b. u. H) and the tragic events of Karbala and the innocent Imams; and in this case, the only difference lies in its content and the way it is presented and its strength and weakness in the grievance of the heart, specifically when it comes to the devotion to Aba Abdollah Hossein and his household. Haydar Shabgard is one of the elegist poets who has tried his talent in the lamentation of Ashura and proved his ultimate love for Imam Hossein (a.s.). The threnodies of this emotive poet which arouse a sad turmoil in the hearts of Imam Hossein's lovers, which initiates from his intense grief towards the tragic events of Karbala. Master Shabgard, in his elegies, besides allusion to the events of Karbala, points out the important aim of Ashura uprising such as reviving and propagating the Islamic religion, liberty, dignity and rejecting the false obedience, fighting against cruelty and supporting the "hejab" ( Islamic coverage for women). Manuscript profile

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