AKT

Open Access Article

1 - Wars between Iran and Russia as a Foundation of Change in Iran's Educational System
داود یحیایی فاخته ماهینی

The Russian attack on Iran in Qajar Period at the beginning of the 19thcentury occurred, at a time when Iran faced numerous problems in itsinternal affairs ignorant of global changes, this unfortunate event hada positive consequence, in that Fath Ali Shah and his court& More

The Russian attack on Iran in Qajar Period at the beginning of the 19thcentury occurred, at a time when Iran faced numerous problems in itsinternal affairs ignorant of global changes, this unfortunate event hada positive consequence, in that Fath Ali Shah and his court’s menbecame aware of Iran's weakness in military equipments and science.This in turn was an intensive development for reform in theeducational system of Iran. This article investigates the mostimportant actions taken in this regard which provides the backgroundfor this reform. (R.H.) Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The effect of particle shape of porous media on the longitudinal dispersivity: contaminant transport
ghasem mirzaei

One of the most challenging quantities in analyzing the transfer of contaminant in the porous medium is the determination of longitudinal dispersivity. In this research, the effects of the porous media particle shape on the longitudinal dispersivity were investigated by More

One of the most challenging quantities in analyzing the transfer of contaminant in the porous medium is the determination of longitudinal dispersivity. In this research, the effects of the porous media particle shape on the longitudinal dispersivity were investigated by experiments on three column of soil (broken texture, river sand, spherical texture). Flow and contaminant (NaCl) were injected at five levels of velocities and the Breakthrough curve was extracted at five points along the column by Self-Potential Method, Then, by simulating the results with FEFLOW software and the inverse analysis with CXTFIT2 software, longitudinal dispersivity was determined. The results indicate that, for constant velocity, the medium with spherical texture has a longitudinal dispersivity greater than the other two medium and in the sandy medium it is more than the broken texture. This can be due to the increase in the contact surface as well as the path’s tortuosity, with the particle coming out of the spherical shape. With increasing velocity, the longitudinal dispersivity decreases in all three medium. Also, as the particles are closer to the spherical shape, the scale effect will be greater, and with increasing velocity, the decrease in the longitudinal dispersivity in these medium will be less. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Experimental Investigation and Evaluation Results of Numerical Simulation and Analytical Solution of classical ADE for conservative solutes
alireza emadi yaghoub azhdan jafar chabokpour Rasoul daneshfaraz

The longitudinal dispersion coefficient from the perspective of public safety and human health, is one of the important parameters for predicting and characterizing the transport of pollution in rivers and shallow waters. This paper aimed at investigating the efficiency More

The longitudinal dispersion coefficient from the perspective of public safety and human health, is one of the important parameters for predicting and characterizing the transport of pollution in rivers and shallow waters. This paper aimed at investigating the efficiency of the classical advection- dispersion Equation for predicting transport of pollution in a gravel bed rivers. Some tracer experiments were done in a flume with longitudinal slopes of (S= 0.001, 0.007) and five discharges include of (7.5, 11.5, 15.5, 20.5, 25.5) lit/sec. Simulated (OTIS) and analytical breakthrough curves were compared with observed data. The results of this study indicated that advection- dispersion equation in prediction of tailing edge of breakthrough curve has less accuracy. So it not be used in rivers with storage area but it is very helpful to estimate initial value of longitudinal dispersion coefficient. The calculated dispersion coefficient increased with augmentation distance from the injection site. The domain of estimated dispersion coefficient for the tracer test of this research is between (0.0073- 0.18) m2/sec. the results of calculating travel time parameters from experimental BT curves showed an exponential relationship between them and the distance from the injection site. Finally, using a geometric, hydraulic, and tracer test data and applying a Buckinghamۥ π theorem a new equation was developed to predict the longitudinal dispersion coefficient. The relative error and normalized root mean square error for the proposed equation were calculated respectively 24% and 1.37. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Evaluating Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium Bromide Transport in Forest and Rangeland Soils on a Laboratory-Scale
Nima Golabizadeh MOHAMMADREZA DALAIAN Shahram Shahmohammadi Kalalagh Maryam Hajrasouli Siamak Saedi

10.30495/wsrcj.2022.19228

Background and Aim: to better management of solute transport in porous media, it is essential to recognize their transport behavior using appropriate models. In this research, convection-dispersion equation (CDE) and mobile-immobile model (MIM), as physical equilibrium More

Background and Aim: to better management of solute transport in porous media, it is essential to recognize their transport behavior using appropriate models. In this research, convection-dispersion equation (CDE) and mobile-immobile model (MIM), as physical equilibrium and non-equilibrium models, respectively, were used to simulate the bromide transport through saturated and unsaturated forest soil, with clay loam texture, and rangeland soil, with sandy loam texture, columns (diameter of 6 and height of 10 cm).Method: to obtain the BTCs, the PVC soil columns with a height of 10 and a diameter of 6 cm were prepared. The breakthrough experiment was carried out in near saturation and saturated condition under a water head of -1 and 3 cm, respectively. The soil columns were saturated from the bottom with a Ca(NO3)2 solution of 0.01 molar as the background solution. At near saturation, the CaBr2 solution with a concentration of 0.01 M equal to a pore volume was injected into the saturated columns of the background solution through the infiltration disk. A Mariotte bottle was used to establish a constant water head. After CaBr2 injection started, the effluents with a volume of 0.1 pore volume were collected at different times, and their bromide concentrations were determined using a pH-meter equipped with a bromide selector electrode. After the complete injection of CaBr2, the steady-state saturated flow of the background solution was re-established. The experiment continued until the bromide concentration in the effluent were almost zero. The measured concentrations, by dividing by the initial concentration, were converted to relative concentrations (C/Co). Then the BTCs was plotted as C/Co versus time or the number of pore volumes.Results: The values of mass transfer coefficient (ω<100) and mobile water fraction (β<1) as an indicator for determining the equilibrium and non-equilibrium indicated that bromide transport behavior within these columns was anomalous or non-Fickian transport. Hence, the non-equilibrium or the mobile-immobile model (MIM) is suitable and more efficient than the Fickian-based CDE model. The fitted breakthrough curves (BTCs) and the higher determination coefficient (R2) and the lower root mean square error (RMSE) values of the MIM model compared to those of the CDE confirmed the effectiveness of the MIM model in simulating bromide transport in the forest and rangeland soil columns.Conclusion: Better fit of measured and estimated breakthrough curves of bromide with non-equilibrium model compared to CDE equilibrium model, especially in the tail of breakthrough curves indicates more accuracy and the should be added efficiency of the non-equilibrium model. Given that the samples were replaced in the columns as disturbed, it can be said that heterogeneity conditions were established in the columns experiments. According to Huang et al. (2005) and Berkowitz et al. (2008), heterogeneity could be one of the reasons to justify the better performance of non-equilibrium models in the present study. The high efficiency of the non-equilibrium model compared to the equilibrium model in this controlled laboratory research cannot be a reliable judgment in evaluating these models. Accurate judgment will depend on conducting research and experiments in real and field conditions, taking into account more effective parameters. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Monitoring of the Transfer of Kerosene and Water through the Light Soil Contains Montmorillonite Nanoclay
Shokufe Fazlali Soheila Ebrahimi Mehdi Zakerinia Sayyed Alireza Movahedi Naeini

Water and organic contaminant transport in soil porous media, particularly in light textured soils due to high transmission capacity and create a secondary sources of pollution is  very important. The aim of this study was kerosene and water transport in a light te More

Water and organic contaminant transport in soil porous media, particularly in light textured soils due to high transmission capacity and create a secondary sources of pollution is  very important. The aim of this study was kerosene and water transport in a light texture soil system containing different treatments of montmorillonite nanoclay. For this purpose, treatments including 0, 2, 4 and 6 wt% of nano clay- sandy soil in a funnel containing filter paper based system was applied. Then kerosene and water (4 pore volumes alternatively) were passed into soils. The breakthrough curves showed that the water passes through soils was slower and gentler slope, so the volume output was lower compared to kerosene. It seems that water molecules with a diameter of less than 3.0 nm fitted well in the small spaces between the layer of nanoclay, which are held with strong hydrogen bonds. Kerosene, with a density equals 0.78, only attract surface places, therefore, pass from porous soil surface well due to having molecules with 11 to 15 carbon atoms, which are larger than the density of water. In both fluids, the more percentage of nanoclay there is, the more retention of kerosene and water would be expected. The results of X-ray showed that the distance of nanoclay increased from 14.4 to 24.77 Å with addition of water. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The Emergence of Bhakti or Loving Devotion in Hindu Texts
پریا الیاسی

Bhakti ("loving devotion") is a general term in Indian culture.Considering its broad meaning this term could be an integral part ofevery religion; but in India, from a few centuries before Common Era,bhakti gradually has been associated with specific gods, religiousbeli More

Bhakti ("loving devotion") is a general term in Indian culture.Considering its broad meaning this term could be an integral part ofevery religion; but in India, from a few centuries before Common Era,bhakti gradually has been associated with specific gods, religiousbeliefs and practices, in as much as today it is the most importantcomponent of Indian religions. According to early Indologists, such asAlbrecht Weber and Friedrich Lorinser, the formation of bhakti wasinfluenced by Christianity so they paid no heed to its Indian roots.However other scholars such as Bhandarkar and Radhakrishnan tracedthe roots of bhakti to the Hindu texts and considered it as an indigenousconcept. The emphasis on Hindu texts was followed by later scholars inas much as it reduced the foreign influences to the secondary role andlimited it to the later development of the concept in the medievalperiod. So in order to understand the concept of bhakti and to trace itsroots, above all, it is necessary to study the Hindu texts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Bhakti or Loving Devotion from the Viewpoints of Śankra and Rāmānuja
پریا الیاسی

Bhakti or Loving Devotion is one of the most important terms in twomajor Hindu sects, i.e. Vaishnavism and Shaivism. Early Indologistsconsidered bhakti as an unbridled and irrepressible feeling which is incontrast with jñāna (knowledge) or rational knowledge of G More

Bhakti or Loving Devotion is one of the most important terms in twomajor Hindu sects, i.e. Vaishnavism and Shaivism. Early Indologistsconsidered bhakti as an unbridled and irrepressible feeling which is incontrast with jñāna (knowledge) or rational knowledge of God.However Hindu sages and scholars, such as Śankra and Rāmānuja,never considered jñāna and bhakti detached from each other, butbelieved that these two are always complementary. Their onlydisagreement is about the subject of bhakti, while Śankra emphasizednirgūna-bhakti (devotion to divinity without form) Rāmānuja believedin sagūna-bhakti (devotion to a personal form of God). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The Nature and Degree of Bhakti in Chaitanya's Thought
Mahdie Aminzadeh Gohari Aboulfazl Mahmoudi

Chaitanya (1585-1485) is one of the prominent figures of the Vaishnavite Hinduism. Some of the believers consider him the embodiment of Krishna. Bhakti is the path of love and devotion, and according to the followers of this path, only through Bhakti one can achieve the More

Chaitanya (1585-1485) is one of the prominent figures of the Vaishnavite Hinduism. Some of the believers consider him the embodiment of Krishna. Bhakti is the path of love and devotion, and according to the followers of this path, only through Bhakti one can achieve the knowledge of God. From Chaitanya's point of view, love is divided into five categories: Shanta Rati (quiet and gentle love), Dasia Rati (love based on service), Sakia Rati (respectful love), Vatsalia Rati (fatherly and motherly love), and Madhuria Rati (marital love).   In this article, an attempt has been made to answer the question of what is the nature of this love and what is the method of reaching the highest degrees of Bhakti from the perspective of Chaitanya? Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Feminine Aspects in Tantrism
ابوالفضل محمودی مزدک توسلی

Tantra is one of the ancient cults that has influenced Indian religionssuch as Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. Feminine aspect is one ofthe most important characteristics of Tantrism which, for example, ispresented in the goddess Śakti and her manifestations such as Kāl More

Tantra is one of the ancient cults that has influenced Indian religionssuch as Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. Feminine aspect is one ofthe most important characteristics of Tantrism which, for example, ispresented in the goddess Śakti and her manifestations such as Kālī. Inthis respect one can allude to feminine aspects in Tantric doctrinesabout cosmology, theology and anthropology (mystic body and thesubjects related to it, such as Cakra and Kundalinī) and Tantric ritualssuch as sexual intercourse (Maithuna) and sacrifice (Yajña) which havebeen explained in some scriptures like Tantras and Kāmasūtra. Lack ofacademic studies on doctrines of Tantra and the role of feminineaspects in this cult, on the one hand, and enthusiasm of learning aboutmystical and esoteric doctrines of Tantrism which could lead tomisunderstanding, on the other, can explain the necessity of studyingTantrism. Therefore, this article tries to survey the doctrines ofTantrism and the role of feminine aspects in this cult. Manuscript profile

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10 - Analysis of the Beliefs and Doctrines of the Baktashi Order
محمد حسن رازنهان محمد بیطرفان تقی شیردل

There are three main sources for Baktashiyya’s doctrines: Sufi andmystical teachings based on tolerance and esoteric interpretation, Shiiteteachings based on the love of Ali and the members of the household ofthe prophet and some teachings of other religions, espe More

There are three main sources for Baktashiyya’s doctrines: Sufi andmystical teachings based on tolerance and esoteric interpretation, Shiiteteachings based on the love of Ali and the members of the household ofthe prophet and some teachings of other religions, especially theChristian Trinity. According to the findings of our research, previousstudies on the history of Sufism in Asia Minor have not depicted a clearpicture of the historical development of the Baktashi order. In fact, thedevelopment of the doctrinal beliefs of the Baktashi order could betraced back to the geo-political structure of the Asia Minor, the spirit oftolerance prevalent there and the activities of some Ghāli sects.Therefore the influence of the Sufi orders and the teachings of othergroup such as Shamanists, Buddhists and Christians on the Baktashiorder can be seen as the result of the heterogeneous society of thatregion. This article tries to survey the influence of the deferent religiousgroup on the Baktashi order. Manuscript profile

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11 - A Glance at the History of Śaivism: Its Origins, Developments and Different Schools
فتح الله مجتبایی پریا الیاسی

Śaivism, a major sect of Hinduism, enjoys many devotees in India.Śiva, a god with paradoxical attributes, is devotionally worshiped inŚaivism. Śiva is, in fact, a pre-Vedic god which developed in arelatively long period, from pre-Vedic civilization to later Hinduism,and More

Śaivism, a major sect of Hinduism, enjoys many devotees in India.Śiva, a god with paradoxical attributes, is devotionally worshiped inŚaivism. Śiva is, in fact, a pre-Vedic god which developed in arelatively long period, from pre-Vedic civilization to later Hinduism,and finally became a prominent god of India. This development istraceable in the Hindu scriptures. Besides, the remnants of the gloriouspre-Vedic civilization, especially in Mohenjodaro and Harappa, castsome light on the study of this development. Some scholars believe thatpre-Vedic teachings and religious practices survived among the lowerclasses of the Hindu society and was gradually transmitted to otherclasses. These pre-Vedic beliefs mingled with the Vedic religion andfinally brought forth the Yoga school and Śaivism. Therefore, in laterHinduism, we can see several Śaiva sects with their specific beliefs andpractices. Manuscript profile

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12 - The Theology of Linga Purana
ولی Abdli محسن Sharafaei

The Linga Puranas are included in Siva Puranas, so the God Siva has occupied an important place in these Puranas. Linga Puranas have focused on the characters, manifestations, eightfold forms, and superiority of Siva. Moreover, in these texts, the phallic form of Siva i More

The Linga Puranas are included in Siva Puranas, so the God Siva has occupied an important place in these Puranas. Linga Puranas have focused on the characters, manifestations, eightfold forms, and superiority of Siva. Moreover, in these texts, the phallic form of Siva is worshiped. On the basis of various approaches towards Divinity, one can claim in the Linga Puran there are some verses which concentrate on Monotheism, i.e., describe the Siva as one and transcendent God. At the same time, some other verses imply a Pantheistic approach, for the whole university (macrocosm) and even all of the men (microcosm) are considered as Siva’s body. All thing issue from Him, He is all thing and all thing will return towards Him. He is both transcendent and imminent. we will try to show the relation between God and cosmos.  Manuscript profile

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13 - The Path of Love and Tolerance According to Shaikh Nizāmuddin 'Ulyā' and Kabir
Shamsali Fathi Meresht MR Adli

Shaikh Nizāmuddin 'Ulyā'(1325 C.E.) was one of the famous Sufis of India and Kabir (1518 C.E.) was one of the Indian mystics, both emphasized love and tolerance as the main element of mystical journey. The activities of Shaikh Nizāmuddin 'Ulyā'and his successorsled to t More

Shaikh Nizāmuddin 'Ulyā'(1325 C.E.) was one of the famous Sufis of India and Kabir (1518 C.E.) was one of the Indian mystics, both emphasized love and tolerance as the main element of mystical journey. The activities of Shaikh Nizāmuddin 'Ulyā'and his successorsled to the spread of the Chishtiyya dynasty and the promotion of the Persian language and Islam in the Indian subcontinent. According to Nizāmuddin love is a basic prerequisite for Muslim prayers. Divine love is manifested in the form of love to the pīr (mystical instructor) and in a broader sense it encompasses all creatures. Kabir as one of the famous poets and mystics of India, along with his followers, played an important role in promotion of Bhakti (love) cult in India. It is not clear Kabir was either a Hindu or a Muslim. Both groups try to introduce him as a member of their own cult. However, Kabir himself strongly criticizes the outward aspects or superficiality of both religions. He believes that love is the essence of religion so he emphasizes the Bhakti cult as the best way of praying. He also speaks of the love of guru as a main element in mystical path. Manuscript profile

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14 - The Śakti Cult in Śaivism
محبوبه هادینیا

Śakti, from Sanskrit shak, means sacred power and energy. In Hinduscriptures, it means the "efficient energy" of the Supreme Principle, orthe feminine aspect of the Supreme Principle, which is responsible forevery act of creation. According to Tantric doctrines, the sup More

Śakti, from Sanskrit shak, means sacred power and energy. In Hinduscriptures, it means the "efficient energy" of the Supreme Principle, orthe feminine aspect of the Supreme Principle, which is responsible forevery act of creation. According to Tantric doctrines, the supreme Śaktiis the only feminine substance behind the well-known triple-aspect ofThe Reality i.e. Sat, Chit, Ānanda. Thus, similar to Brahman in AdvaitaVedānta, Śakti is also regarded as "Satchidānanda", and like Brahman,it descends into the world of manifestation, while keeping herselfconcealed and unperceivable behind the veil of universal illusion, i.e.the Māyā. Śakti is also responsible for the world's final destination, somuch so that the whole manifestation is supposed to be reintegratedinto its single substance, i.e. the Śakti. Therefore, Śakti is the supremecreative substance, the divine-mother, from her sacred womb the wholemanifestation comes forth and to her, the world strongly desires toreturn Manuscript profile

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15 - Mokśa from the Viewpoint of Vaiśnava Bhaktī School (from Rāmānuja to Nānak)
A. Mahmoodī S. Towliatī

Eternal deliverance and salvation has been searched and undergonevarious expressions by human beings during the different ages of history. InHinduism, According to doctrine of rebirth and karma, this goal is identicalwith mok&scaron;a or liberation from cycle of samsāra More

Eternal deliverance and salvation has been searched and undergonevarious expressions by human beings during the different ages of history. InHinduism, According to doctrine of rebirth and karma, this goal is identicalwith mok&scaron;a or liberation from cycle of samsāra and karma; by which spiritcan reach ultimate unity with Brahman and experience the eternal life anddeliverance. Bhakti thinkers have expressed different interpretations ofacquiring mokśa and quality of this station by relying on teachings of theBhagavadgitā- one of the sacred Hindu books.We intend to introduce mokśa, its various kinds, and opinions of somedominant thinkers of Bhaktī School such as Rāmānuja, Nimbārka, Madhva,Vallabha, Kabīr and Nānak. Manuscript profile

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16 - Women in Molana's Works
Masoume Khodadadi Mahabad

This paper tries to study Molana's views about women both in his prose and poetry (Masnavi , Fihmafih and Maktoobat or Letters), in his life- and behavior-related works, such as his Managheb- Ol- Arefin. In Masnavi Maanavi, Molana employs every possible thing, including More

This paper tries to study Molana's views about women both in his prose and poetry (Masnavi , Fihmafih and Maktoobat or Letters), in his life- and behavior-related works, such as his Managheb- Ol- Arefin. In Masnavi Maanavi, Molana employs every possible thing, including objects, vegetation, animals, and different human characters in order to create intellectual and mystical creatures in his stories. Examining women’s characters in these stories paves the way to figure out his ideas about women. Some of these women are universally known, such as Saint Mary and Asiya, and so on. Some of them are unknown but of mystical importance. In Fihmafih, one can find a lot about women based on which Molana’s view on women can be figured out. Goodness and badness of women’s character can be a subject of study in Fihmafih. Maktoobat (Letters) is regarded as one of the most important works to help get familiar with Molana’s thoughts and ideas. It should be noted that Maktoobat (Letters) is indeed Molana’s book of letters, including his memories and his private and social life. All these reveal lots of mysteries to understand Molana’s realities of life.     Manuscript profile

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17 - Attar Neyshabouri's Cryptography of Mystical Nuances of Rabe’e and Baktash Tale
Nahid Jafari

The story of the passion between “Rabe’e and Baktash”, in Ellahi Nameh, has been one of the most aspiring stories in love prose and mystical stories in Persian literature which has been illustrated brilliantly and magnificently by Sheik Farid Aldin Attar Neyshaboori, th More

The story of the passion between “Rabe’e and Baktash”, in Ellahi Nameh, has been one of the most aspiring stories in love prose and mystical stories in Persian literature which has been illustrated brilliantly and magnificently by Sheik Farid Aldin Attar Neyshaboori, the famous poet of the 6th century. He is one of the highly applauded mystical and affectionate poets. He has not only won the reputation of conceptual literature, but also created unique and distinctive narrations. Of all his works, his Masnavis have extensive perceptions and various concepts can be driven, they are also mysterious in notifying mystical connotations, and they all have made absolute attraction. Since the state of soul has been considered as the core of Attar’s words, he narrates a mystical and spiritual tale, called “Rabe’e and Baktash” in Ellahi Nameh in which he tries to interpret soul. Rabe’e, the heroin of this story, plays an affectionate role and is the symbol of “soul” and her lover, Baktash, is a secret of “self” in mankind. The poet has devoted the whole story to the salvation process of Rabe’e’s soul and the evolution process of Baktash’s self. Manuscript profile

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18 - A Comparative study of Brevity and Periphrasis in the History of Tabari and Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, Based on the Narration of Shapur Zolaktaf
mahmoud ramezani manizheh fallahi reza fahimi

Sassanid kings ruled in Iran for a long time and various historical books have been written about them . One of the famous kings of this period is Shapur Zolaktaf who ruled more than the other kings of this dynasty . His foreign policy in settling the border situation a More

Sassanid kings ruled in Iran for a long time and various historical books have been written about them . One of the famous kings of this period is Shapur Zolaktaf who ruled more than the other kings of this dynasty . His foreign policy in settling the border situation and expelling the invading Arabs and Romans is of great importance . The history of Tabari and Ferdowsi's Shahnameh are both among the books that have written about the reign of this king. In this research , while introducing the historiography method of these two authors, the method of narrating the story of Shapur Zolaktaf is also expressed. The history of Tabari describes this long period with brevity and does not elaborate on any of the events . However , Ferdowsi composed important parts of this story in a narrative way and used elements of description , dialogue and scene . Manuscript profile

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19 - The effect of aerobic and resistance exercise with olive extract on VO2 max, PTEN, and AKT in rats with Parkinson's disease
Seyedeh Soheila Bolhagh Ramin Shabani Donya Sajedi

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20 - A survey and an analysis of the narrative process of the story of Leyli and Majnoun in the 10th century
Bahareh Zarif Emarat Saz

The story of Leyli and Majnoun had paid attention in all periods of Persian poetry and many works has emerged in the name and description of Leili and Majnoun`s love. The most prominent Persian Leyli and Majnoun is Nizami`s work and plenty of poets have imitated him in More

The story of Leyli and Majnoun had paid attention in all periods of Persian poetry and many works has emerged in the name and description of Leili and Majnoun`s love. The most prominent Persian Leyli and Majnoun is Nizami`s work and plenty of poets have imitated him in the field of word and content, that the works of poets like jami, Maktabi and Hatefi are more prominent. Most of researchers have attributed this imitation to Nizami in all periods of composing Leily and Majnoun. This topic has been criticized in this essay, in descriptive, analytical and comparative method. For this purpose, the story of Leyli and Majnoun by Helali Goghatai, Ghasemi gonabadi and Abdi Beig Navidi Shirazi which have composed in the 10th century, have compared with the works of Nizami, Maktabi and Hatefi. The result of this study shows that the composers of epopees which have composed in the 10th century, have been affected by Maktabi and Hatefi more than Nizami in planning of their stories and also had innovations. Manuscript profile

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21 - Love and Affection Motif in Family Relationships in Rumi's Works
Ali Rahmanian Fatemeh Taslim jahromi Ahmad Amiri Khorasani

One of the important fields of lyrical poetry is its social dimension, one of the dimensions of which is family life. His views on the family are in line with Islamic traditions and traditions. Rumi pays much attention to the status of family and women in marital life, More

One of the important fields of lyrical poetry is its social dimension, one of the dimensions of which is family life. His views on the family are in line with Islamic traditions and traditions. Rumi pays much attention to the status of family and women in marital life, children and upbringing, family life, parental rights, and so forth in both the doctrines and the rules and it has promoted the dignity of the family system. In his view, men and women are responsible for meeting each other's emotional needs. Love is the basis of family relationships, although the man is responsible for earning a living and paying attention to the welfare and upbringing of children, and housework, childbearing, and the upbringing and education of children are the responsibility of women. Rumi has also made connections between many family relationships and mystical concepts; For example, for him, marital life can be a symbol of the creation system and the relationship between man and God and the creation and maternal attachment of God. In his view, men and women complement each other. This research is a descriptive-analytic study with regard to the verses and hadiths about women and the family and analyzes the Rumi's theories about the family and its rights. Manuscript profile

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22 - An investigation on the adsorption behavior of Sb (III) on a cationic ion exchange resin in Fixed-bed column: experimental design and breakthrough curves modeling
fereshteh moghimi nejad abdolhamid jafari Hossein Yoozbashi zadeh masood askari

Manuscript profile

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23 - Doonadoon thought in Ahl-e-Haqq belif(reyling on the view point Elahioon)
mahmoud alvari Mahdi Ansari AliAkbar khedrizadeh

One of the principles of Ahl-e-Haqq belif is the belief in consecutive lives-Doonadoon this principel has aspecial place to the view point of Maktabion- that is branch of Shah Hayasiś families from the view point of Ahl-e-Haqq and Maktabion&sbquo;the true essence of eve More

One of the principles of Ahl-e-Haqq belif is the belief in consecutive lives-Doonadoon this principel has aspecial place to the view point of Maktabion- that is branch of Shah Hayasiś families from the view point of Ahl-e-Haqq and Maktabion&sbquo;the true essence of every creature is the soul of that creature and the body is only aspace for soul .After the seperation of the soul from the body&sbquo;the body is gone and the soul remains&sbquo; and it will continue to live and it will grow its perfection. Despit to belief in divine monotheism and the resurrection&sbquo;Ahl-e-Haqq and Maktabion believ that the soul should be in a faily long cycle- Hezar Doon- for reaching to perfaction in order to attain perfection. Againts of the other families of Ahl-e-Haqq&sbquo;Maktabion have explained all types of perfaction and how to do it more specifically. The main question in this article is how and description of Doonadoon from the view point of Maktabion. The method of this research is descriptive- analytical and based on library study.the research hypothesis is that Doonadoon is based on continuing of life after the death and in the direction of the perfection of the soul&sbquo; one of the reasons for this is the limited consecutive life cycles. The researeach finding indicate that Doonadoon is a particular belive that has existed between Maktabion&sbquo;and it has certain characteristics including.Perspective of evolution of the soul and varieties. Manuscript profile

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24 - Bioinformatics analysis and investigation of PI3K/AKT gene expression in exposure to the active substance of cinnamon in cinnamomum plant
Mohadeseh Eamaeilnejhad-e Chomachaei Somayeh Ataei-e jaliseh Shadi Mahboubi

10.30495/jdb.2023.1972733.1340

Cinnamomum is a type of tonic spice that has had a special place in traditional medicine for a long time due to its effects on body health. Even today, with the discovery of its wide therapeutic properties, it is used in many countries. The main components of Cinnamomum More

Cinnamomum is a type of tonic spice that has had a special place in traditional medicine for a long time due to its effects on body health. Even today, with the discovery of its wide therapeutic properties, it is used in many countries. The main components of Cinnamomum, including cinnamaldehyde, can play a role in the treatment of breast cancer. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant effect and anticancer properties of the active ingredient in cinnamon in breast cancer. The dose of the active ingredient of cinnamon was determined and checked by the MTT test method. The effects of cinnamon active substance on PI3K/AKT signaling pathway were investigated using molecular docking and real-time PCR methods. The results were that the dose of the effective substance was equal to 0.093 mg/ml and among the four proteins, AKT gene was selected due to the highest and best reaction at the protein level and the expression of AKT gene was very low in the presence of cinnamon. According to the effects, activity and antioxidant properties of the active substance of cinnamon, taking into account their side effects in vitro and in silico, this active substance of the plant can be used as an inhibitor of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and also it can be used as a Malignant tumor preventer. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Kabir's views and ideas and his place in the nobility movement
Haniyah Muhabbat Panah zahra Hoseini Hamid

Kabir is a name associated with the Bektashi movement. In the period of epic literature in the sixth century BC, in Hinduism, three ways of thinking (knowledge, sincere worship, action) were formed for the salvation of man, and sincere worship, virtue, is of special imp More

Kabir is a name associated with the Bektashi movement. In the period of epic literature in the sixth century BC, in Hinduism, three ways of thinking (knowledge, sincere worship, action) were formed for the salvation of man, and sincere worship, virtue, is of special importance. From the 15th century onwards, the great mystics promoted Bektashi as an independent school known as the Nubakti movement. From this century onwards, Bektashi was not only a way of sincere worship, but also took on a more mystical aspect and became a separate profession. One of the developers of this movement was "Kabir". He was one of the disciples of Ramandeh, the greatest Hindu mystic of his time. In this way, Kabir was able to get acquainted with Hindu beliefs. He was also able to benefit from Islamic beliefs by making many trips and visiting the monasteries of Muslim Sufis. He influenced the path of blessing and the discussion of monotheism from these two great religions. The most influential theory in the Bektashi movement was the belief that whoever calls God by any name, it does not matter and in fact he will not be affected. The difference in names is just a play on words. For this reason, he tried to maintain the idea that unity should be established between different religions, such as Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, etc., because the goal of all these religions is common. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - The First Correspondences of Mystics; The Maktoobat of Dhul-Nun al-Misri and Junayd of Baghdad
elaheh Rajabifar bagher sadri niya

10.30495/mmlq.2021.680947

One of the lasting legacies of Islamic mystics and Sufi elders is their maktoobat (writings). Maktoobat are letters that mystics and Sufis used often to write to their contemporaries with the aim of expressing their own teachings, advices and mentioning some of the myst More

One of the lasting legacies of Islamic mystics and Sufi elders is their maktoobat (writings). Maktoobat are letters that mystics and Sufis used often to write to their contemporaries with the aim of expressing their own teachings, advices and mentioning some of the mystical mysteries, theological truths and divine teachings. In other words, maktoobat have long been common among the mystics as a means of teaching, questioning, and answering, and the Sufi elders used letters to express their thoughts. The letters of Dhul-Nun al-Misri and Junayd of Baghdad are the first surviving writings of the pioneers of Islamic mysticism. These letters are among the first-hand sources written in Arabic, with mystical prose and phrases, describing mystical teachings and beliefs. The present article, by using descriptive-analytical method, attempts to analyze the structural and content characteristics of these letters and explore their hidden themes. The results of the research are as follows: compiling a systematic list of scattered correspondences of Dhul-Nun al-Misri and Junayd of Baghdad; providing an analysis of the structure and form of correspondences; explaining the types, elements, styles of writing and contents of the letters; introducing the narrators and the audiences of the letters. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Evaluation of AKT and mTOR Protein Changes in Response to Eccentric and Concentric Physical Activity in Healthy Young Men
Alireza Hemmati Sarapardeh Fatemeh Shab Khiz Khosro Ebrahim

10.22034/ascij.2021.687829

Skeletal muscle resorption is caused by the biosynthesis of new structures involved in the muscle contraction in terms of the increased skeletal muscle cross-sectional area, which is recognized as one of the major muscle changes as a result of exercise. This study aimed More

Skeletal muscle resorption is caused by the biosynthesis of new structures involved in the muscle contraction in terms of the increased skeletal muscle cross-sectional area, which is recognized as one of the major muscle changes as a result of exercise. This study aimed to investigate the response of mTOR and AKT proteins to distinct eccentric and concentric resistance training in healthy subjects. Ten healthy men were randomly divided into two groups (5 patients in the eccentric group - 5 in eccentric group). Isokinetic contraction protocols included eccentric and concentric knee extension with maximum power and angular velocity of 60 degrees per second. The torques assigned to each subject were assumed to match the workload in both protocols, with a rotational speed of 60 degrees per second. Contractions consisted of a maximum of 12 sets of 10 repetitions for the right leg, a rest time of 30 seconds between each set. At the beginning and end of the study, biopsy of the lateral broad muscle tissue was performed. A biopsy was performed in both distal and proximal directions of lateral flat muscle. Tissue analysis using immunocytochemistry was used to assess the expression of mTOR and AKT proteins in each group. A dependent t-test and a covariance test were used to assess the data. For data analysis, SPSS21 and Exell 2013 software were utilized. The findings indicated that after one session of exercise, intra-group increases in mTOR and AKT proteins were significant in both eccentric and concentric groups (p ≤0.05).However, the inter-group changes of mTOR and AKT proteins showed no difference between two groups. In general, the present study showed that a session of eccentric and concentric activity leads to changes in the factors involved in skeletal muscle strength and hypertrophy. Besides, these changes in aggregate eccentric contraction are more than concentric. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - The Effect of Aerobic Exercises on AKT1/ PI3K Expression and Insulin Sensitivity in liver Hepatocyte of Obese Vistar Rats
مهدی کسب پرست سجاد ارشدی شهرام سهیلی عبدالعلی بنایی فر

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercises on AKT1/ PI3K expression and Insulin sensitivity in liver Hepatocyte of obese Vistar rats. The statistical population consisted of all male Wistar rats of Baqiyatallah University More

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercises on AKT1/ PI3K expression and Insulin sensitivity in liver Hepatocyte of obese Vistar rats. The statistical population consisted of all male Wistar rats of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences in Iran. To create obesity, a high-fat diet was used for 8 weeks. 16 obese rat having similar condition   were selected and randomly divided into 2 obese groups (control and aerobic exercise). To prepare a high-fat diet, 1% cholesterol powder and 1% pure corn oil were added to the standard diet of rats purchased from Parsdam Food Company. Rats in animal laboratory under controlled light conditions (12 hours light and 12 hours dark, start of lighting 6 pm and start of extinction 6 am and temperature 22 ± 3 ° C and humidity about 30 to 60%) were maintained. The use of a high-fat diet continued until the end of the study. The aerobic exercise program was performed for 6 weeks in 5 sessions per week with a gradual increase in speed (18 to 22 meters per minute) and time (10 to 55 minutes in the form of running on a treadmill). All rats 48 hours after the last training session were autopsied. The results showed that 6 weeks of aerobic training led to a significant reduction in fasting glucose in obese Wistar rats. On the other hand, it increased AKT1 / PI3K expression and insulin sensitivity in liver tissue of obese Wistar rats (P≤0.05).  Manuscript profile

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