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Open Access Article
1 - Presenting a methodology based on the self-organizing maps and multi-layer neural networks for suspected money laundering events at bank branches
Hamid Mahdavi Khokhsarai Mohammadreza Shahriari Fereydon Rahnema Rudpashti Syed Abdullah Sajjadi JagharghGiven the importance of banking systems and the misuse of this platform for money laundering purposes, the urgent need for the implementation of anti-money laundering systems by governments and policy makers in economic affairs is important. Also, due to the growth of t MoreGiven the importance of banking systems and the misuse of this platform for money laundering purposes, the urgent need for the implementation of anti-money laundering systems by governments and policy makers in economic affairs is important. Also, due to the growth of terrorism and organized fraud, and the passage of numerous laws against these cases, the need for these systems is increasing. On the other hand, the complexity of money laundering suspicious behaviors is such that no significant action can be taken to detect money laundering without intelligent and data-driven tools. An important and perhaps practical point in Iran is the proximity of these systems to anti-bribery, fraud, violation and inspection systems, which can be considered as an efficient tool for the bank's inspection unit. This paper presents an approach based on data analysis and processing. In this approach, using self-organizing maps, bank branches are clustered based on similar behaviors, then the process of labeling branches is performed using a linear index. In the next step, using the training of a multi-layer neural network, a model for identifying bank branches in which suspicious money laundering processes take place is introduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - تحلیل جرم شناختی تأمین مالی تروریسم در حقوق ایران
حسین اسدزاده بنابی محمد رسایی -
Open Access Article
3 - چالشها و کاستیهای مبارزه با پولشویی در حقوق ایران
احمد یوسفی صادقلو حامد دانشجو -
Open Access Article
4 - Necessities and obstacles of using the secret operation of entrapment in the economic crime of money laundering
Mohammad Pirani Asghar Abbasi Ali GhorbaniBackground and purpose – Economic crime have led to destructive effects and negative economic consequences for the country. Special characteristics, including low visibility, high dark figure, dynamism, wide scope of danger, and special information make detection MoreBackground and purpose – Economic crime have led to destructive effects and negative economic consequences for the country. Special characteristics, including low visibility, high dark figure, dynamism, wide scope of danger, and special information make detection of these crimes difficult. Thus, secret entrapment operations can be considered as a suitable solution to fight against this type of crimes. However, the lack of recognition of the necessities of and obstacles to the enforcement of secret entrapment operations for economic crimes will cause doubts both in the enforcement or non- enforcement of these operations as well as in the public’s minds, making them unoptimistic towards the nature of such operations. This study attempts to answer the questions that: “what are the main obstacles and necessities of the enforcement of the secret entrapment operations for the economic crime of money laundering?” and “how can these necessities and obstacles be explained?”Methodology – This study is descriptive-analytical and has investigated and analyzed the above-mentioned questions using the library and note-taking methods.Findings and results –While explaining the necessities and obstacles of the enforcement of a secret entrapment operation for the economic crime of money laundering, this study can be successful on the one hand for guiding the police, designers and operators of secret operations in the enforcement of secret entrapment operations, and on the other hand, increase the public's trust in the police and judicial system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The role of organizational risk management in the money laundering risk of organizations
SAEED AMIRI Rasoul ABDI asgar pakmaram yagob aghdam mazreaMoney laundering is an illegal activity in which the proceeds of wrongdoing enter the global economy and gain legal legitimacy. The effects of money laundering on the economy can be mitigated by planning programs and solutions. This phenomenon causes serious damage to a MoreMoney laundering is an illegal activity in which the proceeds of wrongdoing enter the global economy and gain legal legitimacy. The effects of money laundering on the economy can be mitigated by planning programs and solutions. This phenomenon causes serious damage to a country's economy in the long run, and the existence of money laundering in a country's economy indicates a structural weakness in that country's economy. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to predict the causal relationships between organizational risk management structures (control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication and monitoring) and money laundering risk of organizations. The statistical population of this study includes company managers, auditors and faculty members of universities (experts in the field of capital market, banking and auditing) and a standard questionnaire was used to collect data. After performing the reliability and validity tests of the sample data, the relevant analyzes were performed based on the structural equation modeling approach. The results showed that money laundering risk of organizations is affected by organizational risk management structures (control environment and information and communication). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Money laundering in sport is evidence of hidden corruption; the need to provide solutions to prevent it
Taha Razmara Nariman Fakheri Ramin Poursaid PoursaidOne of the most important examples of corruption; Money laundering is a criminal phenomenon. And the field of sports because of the desire of people to play a role, popularity, public interest and investment in it; It is a good breeding ground for the spread of this hid MoreOne of the most important examples of corruption; Money laundering is a criminal phenomenon. And the field of sports because of the desire of people to play a role, popularity, public interest and investment in it; It is a good breeding ground for the spread of this hidden corruption (money laundering). The research method was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-correlational nature which was performed by field method. Data were collected using a version of a semi-standard questionnaire whose face validity and content were determined by experts and its reliability was determined based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The statistical population of the study consisted of official experts in the field of sports and members of the National Sports Law Association. 160 samples were selected by simple random sampling. Software packages (SPSS) and (Excel) were used to process and analyze the data. The results of Pearson correlation test showed that there is a significant relationship between all independent and dependent components. Also, using the Friedman ranking test, the dimension (customer suspicious transaction report) with the rank (4.85) and the average (19.98) and the dimension (training of employees of sports organizations) with the rank (1.23) and the average (6.413), respectively, have the most and the least effect. (Importance) in preventing the crime of money laundering. Therefore, it seems that a combination of all the variables used is appropriate to prevent money laundering in sports organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Review of Anti-Terrorist Financing Laws and Regulations in Iranian and Afghan Law and International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism
Hamidreza Dabirzadeh Ahmad Hajidehabadi Hasan PourbaferaniOne of the direst issues of the modern era is terrorism and it’s financing. Fortunately, we see some strong will to tackle this malign problem in Afghanistan (2013), so the present criminal laws and the laws against terrorism (2017) financing are drafted in this r MoreOne of the direst issues of the modern era is terrorism and it’s financing. Fortunately, we see some strong will to tackle this malign problem in Afghanistan (2013), so the present criminal laws and the laws against terrorism (2017) financing are drafted in this respect. Recent findings demonstrate flaws in Iranian and Afghan laws and regulations to fight terrorism financing and even those laws present lack cohesion and does not encompass the whole aspects of their dangerous action. Therefore, this situation necessitates full and immediate cooperation between Iran and Afghanistan to draft appropriate criminal laws to take firm action to punish the terrorism financers and put an end to violators of state regulations in supporting terrorism. However, we have to examine the compliancy of the present Iranian and Afghan laws to the related convention which indicate full adherence by Afghan laws and some by the Iranian laws Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Criticism of embezzlement and smuggling of goods as examples of money laundering
mihammad ali ebrahimzadehmolaei Akbar Fallah Ali FaghihiMoney laundering is a legitimate and illegal manifestation of illicit and illegal property, and this phenomenon is one of the transnational organized crimes that has harmful effects and effects at the international level and interferes with social, political, economic a MoreMoney laundering is a legitimate and illegal manifestation of illicit and illegal property, and this phenomenon is one of the transnational organized crimes that has harmful effects and effects at the international level and interferes with social, political, economic and security issues. It has significant social and political consequences for societies, and to compare it with the crimes of embezzlement and smuggling of goods, the clear jurisprudential principles such as the verses of Akal Mal to Badal, Akl Sahat, narrations and rules of jurisprudence such as the rule of no harm and maintaining order, highlight this phenomenon. It implies that the principles and teachings of the religion of Islam, such as prohibition and prohibition (acquisition of property in vain) and the behavior of the great leaders of Islam regarding money laundering operations, which lead to the use of illicit income, are also taken into account. If the property is invalid) and it is considered a haram act and according to the rule: (Al-Tughrir for the whole of Muharram action) and the rule: (Al-Ta'zir with us for the way of ruling), the Islamic ruler can impose punishment for such forbidden and harmful acts on the interests of the communi Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - A Reflection on the Effect of Amare Yad on Money Laundering
hossein tajabady mohammad sadegh azadfar Ali BanaeeThe phenomenon of money laundering has become one of the problems of the global economy in the present age. Therefore, countries and international forums seriously intend to deal with this phenomenon and its destructive effects and consequences. The Islamic Republic of MoreThe phenomenon of money laundering has become one of the problems of the global economy in the present age. Therefore, countries and international forums seriously intend to deal with this phenomenon and its destructive effects and consequences. The Islamic Republic of Iran, like other countries, passed the Anti-Money Laundering Law in twelve articles to combat money laundering. In addition to the problems and destructive effects that this phenomenon has on the economies of countries, including the Islamic Republic of Iran, the existence of Article 1 of the Anti-Money Laundering Law has caused many problems, including the failure to open cases and vote. Accordingly, the present study, relying on traditional arguments of the rule of Amare Yad and government jurisprudence, examines its effect on the crime of money laundering and the rightness or wrongness of removing it from the law, and then concludes that the removal of Amare Yad on the crime of money laundering is against the rules and regulations of Sharia and law. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Legal challenges of digital currencies with an approach to money laundering
amirreza mahmoudi mohaddeseh ghavamipour sereshkehMoney laundering has been identified as a phenomenon that endangers economic stability around the world. Criminals in this area target the economic system with financial criminal activities such as drug trafficking, terrorism financing and tax evasion. The development o MoreMoney laundering has been identified as a phenomenon that endangers economic stability around the world. Criminals in this area target the economic system with financial criminal activities such as drug trafficking, terrorism financing and tax evasion. The development of crypto-currency technologies, along with its benefits, has become a disruptive technology that has created new challenges for government national security because this technology can provide opportunities for terrorist groups and organized crime. Since its emergence in 2009, the use of Bitcoin has increased exponentially around the world, but due to the lack of regulatory authority, it was quickly used to finance terrorism and money laundering activities. Countries have adopted and implemented various regulations to ban or license the use of Bitcoin, which have not been able to achieve a suitable result until today. In this article, with a descriptive-analytical method, we will seek to explain a process that will be able to resolve the legal challenges created due to the use of digital currencies, and in this regard, the consensus of governments in standardizing and harmonizing their laws regarding currency management. Digital services and the creation of a regulatory authority will be examined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Iran's Legislative Approach to Suspicious Transactions Reporting(STR) for Money Laundering and its Legal, Jurisprudential and Executive Challenges
Amir jamali hajiani Esmaeil Abdollahi Ahmad MirzaeiReceive Date: 2023/04/15 Revise Date: 2023/07/03   MoreReceive Date: 2023/04/15 Revise Date: 2023/07/03 Accept Date: 2023/07/05 The reporting of suspicious transactions, emphasized in Recommendation 20 of the FATF, is considered the cornerstone of the fight against money laundering, and the success of all anti-money laundering measures depends on it. Therefore, the present study employs a descriptive-analytical approach with the aim of familiarizing the reader with the requirements for reporting suspicious transactions related to money laundering and examines the legal, jurisprudential, and executive obstacles that impede the reporting of suspicious transactions. In conclusion, the study investigates the position of Iran in comparison with global standards and highlights the most significant legal, jurisprudential, and executive challenges facing the reporting of suspicious transactions. The findings indicate that in the anti-money laundering regulations of Iran, especially in the amended law on combating money laundering ratified in 2018 and its executive directive of Article 14 ratified in 2019, necessary measures have been taken in line with international standards to report suspicious transactions, and the necessary structures have been established. However, professional secrecy rules, the principle of validity, Presumption of possession, policies related to capital attraction in banks, and high compliance costs with anti-money laundering standards may overshadow this important principle in the fight against money laundering and may cause disruption in the desirable path of reporting suspicious transactions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The Impact of Money Laundering on Expansion of Organized Terrorism in the Middle East (2001-2016)
سید سعید میرترابی mohsen keshvarianAbstract: The expansion of terrorism and its widespread occurrence particularly the organized one had led researchers to deeply study the roots, causes and the ways to contain it. Since the Middle East region is one of the centers which terrorism has grown considerably MoreAbstract: The expansion of terrorism and its widespread occurrence particularly the organized one had led researchers to deeply study the roots, causes and the ways to contain it. Since the Middle East region is one of the centers which terrorism has grown considerably, the present article wants to study the impact of money laundry as one of the factors that reinforces the terrorist groups in the Middle East. The article wants to answer this question that how money laundering helps the growth of organized terrorist groups (Al-Qaeda and ISISI) from 2001 to 2016. The hypothesis is that money laundering by providing a secure network for supplying major part of financial resources and external transections of organized terrorist groups with foreign partners has created the ground for the growth of organized terrorism in the Middle East from 2001 to 2016. The article shows the complexity and the dimension of money laundering techniques used by organized terrorist groups for financial transaction and money transfer. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive and common political will with the region and beyond the region to contain the challenge of money laundering by organized terrorist groups. This will be possible when the measures and mechanism decided for this purpose do not be used for political capital again certain countries in the region, a situation which unfortunately used by the Western Banks against Iran. The methodology used by the article is descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - آیین دادرسی افتراقی در پولشویی با رویکرد امنیت گرایی
محمد شهریاری محمدرضا شادمان فر مسعود حیدری علی یوسف زاده -
Open Access Article
14 - تحلیل حساسیت مبارزه با پولشویی در صنعت بیمه ایران )بر اساس پویایی متغیرهای کنترل عمومی(
محمد مهدی عزیزی امیری فرامرز خلیقی مریم السادات عسکری محبوبه اعلایی -
Open Access Article
15 - چالشهاو موانع مقابله با تأمین مالی تروریسم در اسناد ملی و بینالمللی
محمدصادق چاووشی HADI KERAMATI MOEZیکی از مهمترین دلایل تقویت جریانهای تروریستی درجهان، تداوم تأمین منابع مالی مورد نیاز آن ها از طرق مختلف است. در واقع تروریستها برای رسیدن به اهداف تروریستی خود نیازمند تأمین مالی هستند و برای تأمین این نیاز حیاتی خود به راههای گوناگونی متوسل میشوند. لذا به منظور م Moreیکی از مهمترین دلایل تقویت جریانهای تروریستی درجهان، تداوم تأمین منابع مالی مورد نیاز آن ها از طرق مختلف است. در واقع تروریستها برای رسیدن به اهداف تروریستی خود نیازمند تأمین مالی هستند و برای تأمین این نیاز حیاتی خود به راههای گوناگونی متوسل میشوند. لذا به منظور مبارزه با تروریسم، یکی از مهمترین و ضروریترین راهها، مبارزه با تأمین مالی آن است. در این راستا اتخاذ تمهیداتی برای مبارزه با تأمین مالی تروریسم و اتخاذ هرگونه اقدامی به منظور خشکاندن منابع تأمین مالی تروریسم در اسناد ملی و بینالمللی ضروری است. عدم الحاق ایران به کنوانسیون بین المللی مبارزه با تأمین مالی تروریسم، عدم شناسایی مفهوم تروریسم به عنوان یک رفتار مجرمانه مستقل و فقدان سیاست جنائی افتراقی در خصوص آن دلالت بر چالشها و موانع مقابله با تأمین مالی تروریسم در اسناد داخلی است؛ در این مقاله نگارندگان با روش تحلیلی - توصیفی به واکاوی چالشها و موانع در اسناد ملی و بینالمللی برای مبارزه با تأمین مالی تروریسم خواهند پرداخت Manuscript profile
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