List of Articles هزینه فرصت

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  1 - Evaluation of the opportunity cost in Jam Petrochemical Company Projects
  ابراهیم عباسی عیسی رستگار
  The purpose of this paper is evaluating of opportunity cost in jam petrochemicalprojects. The hypothesis of this research were investigated by using of Kolmogrov-Smirnov test ,Paired samples test and the Pierson correlation. The results due thestudy of 4 projects that w More

  The purpose of this paper is evaluating of opportunity cost in jam petrochemicalprojects. The hypothesis of this research were investigated by using of Kolmogrov-Smirnov test ,Paired samples test and the Pierson correlation. The results due thestudy of 4 projects that were started and finished during 2002-2006years demonstratedthat the real cost of all projects are over than their budgets. Also the opportunity costaverage of the projects are over than used expenditures. So the results demonstratedthat there is significant correlation among budget deviation , depreciation expense ,capital cost and opportunity profit with the opportunity cost. With study has beenconducted in JAM petrochemical companies projects can accept which reasonincrease of project's cost and tardiness is inexperience of internal contractor andnon-performance correct and complete map of project management Manuscript profile
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  2 - Economic valuation of damages to residual trees due to logging operations in Chafroud ‎Forests of Guilan province
  Farshad Keivan Behjou Zeynab Pour-Gholi
  The aim of this research was the introducing a method to convert technical data of logging operation damages to economic value to express the investment for improving logging operation. This study was carried out in parcels 228, 231 and 232 in Chafroud Shanderman waters More

  The aim of this research was the introducing a method to convert technical data of logging operation damages to economic value to express the investment for improving logging operation. This study was carried out in parcels 228, 231 and 232 in Chafroud Shanderman watershed- Guilan. After selecting the sample trees, the condition and quality of residual trees after felling and skidding were investigated. The technical data to be converted and then were the economic value (Rials) using opportunity missed and replacement cost methods. The market value of different wooden products was used to measure the value per cubic meter of extracted wood in the Caspian forests of Iran. After that, felling and skidding average cost per cubic meter was subtracted from wood value. The results indicated that selective cutting can damage the residual trees to value of 947385000 Rials (6072981Rials/ha) due to the forest logging operations. Therefore, the current logging operations also need to be accompanied with careful monitoring by operation personnel and investigated the site status after the logging operations. Manuscript profile
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  3 - The social factors of rising age of marriage
  Ali Mohammad Pour Nematollah Tagavi
  Marriage and delay of it, is a social affair. Formation and variation of marriage among people is in process of self-interaction with society and it is affected by different level of macro, mid, and micro. Considered theories in this regard are; Robert Merton’s th More

  Marriage and delay of it, is a social affair. Formation and variation of marriage among people is in process of self-interaction with society and it is affected by different level of macro, mid, and micro. Considered theories in this regard are; Robert Merton’s theory of anomie, Durkheim’s theory of Functionalism, modernism theory of Gidenz, modernization theory of William Good and reasonable selection theory of Hector. This research has been done with survey method among young people of 20-40 ages in Tabriz. 280 people are selected by quota sampling method through Cochran formula among 823450 young people. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS. The obtained findings indicate that, there is a meaningful relationship between variables of severity, high expectation of family, expectation level of young people, individuals’ social distrust, enjoying of bachelorhood, education and sex of respondents and rise of marriage age. Finally the obtained findings of regression indicate that, five variables of education, expectation level, social distrust, severity and high expectation of family and enjoying of bachelorhood can determine 51/1 percent of dependent variable (marriage age) variance. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Iran gas price shadow price approach based on linear programming
  A.A Esmaili
  Nowadays there is a need for natural gas in almost every country. Considering the fact that Islamic Republic of Iran is the second owner of natural gas reserves in the world, export of this important factor would be one of the most inevitable subjects in our economy. Fu More

  Nowadays there is a need for natural gas in almost every country. Considering the fact that Islamic Republic of Iran is the second owner of natural gas reserves in the world, export of this important factor would be one of the most inevitable subjects in our economy. Furthermore, the benefits of oil export can be replaced by the benefits of gas export. But the high level of domestic consumption is of the most restrictive factors in promoting gas export. The main purpose of this paper is to determine an optimum price for Iran's natural gas export taking into account the domestic versus international demand for the fuel. In this way we practice a mathematical approach with a linear planning model and considering the concept of opportunity cost in our analysis.In this way the optimum price would be reviled by adding the shadow price to the marginal cost. If we allocate our natural reserves to export, we should add the minimum benefits of domestic consumption to marginal cost of production of gas. Obviously it will result in minimum price of gas export which is estimated to be 48.8 cent per cubic meter. Manuscript profile