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Open Access Article

1 - Woman; Jalal Al Ahmad; Federico Garcia Lorca; Short Story; Play
زهره اله دادی دستجردی soodabe bashi zade

10.30495/clq.2022.1929461.2166

his research is a comparative study between the literature of Iran and the literature of Spain on the subject of women and his place in the family and society. The case study of this research focuses on short stories by Jalal Al Ahmad and three plays by Federico Garcia More

his research is a comparative study between the literature of Iran and the literature of Spain on the subject of women and his place in the family and society. The case study of this research focuses on short stories by Jalal Al Ahmad and three plays by Federico Garcia Lorca with the names of Blood Wedding Names, Yerma, Bernarda Alba's House.In this comparative study, the status and role of women in the family and society in the literature of Iran and Spain are examined. To restrict the research field, Jalal Al-Ahmad's short stories and Federico Garcia Lorca's plays have been recognized as two authoritative authors in both countries. In the beginning, a brief overview of the history of life and socio-cultural activities of both writers has been presented, and the woman, his position and image have first been studied separately in each and every one of the works, and then adaptively.The following is a familiarization with the history of life and the days of Jalal al-Ahmad and Federico García Lorca; in order to become familiar with the historical, political and social context of their life, a comparative study of the status of women in their works is desirable. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - An analytical Survey of the Work of Akbar Radi and Xaver Kroetz
Masoud Salami Leila Piedad

The Theatre (Identity) is one of the dramatic Genre, witch in Iran is with the Name of Radi very remarkable and in Germany with its modern Shape in 20 Century has the Pioneer of Horvath,  Fleisser, Fassbinder, and Kroetz in their History. This Theatre in its moder More

The Theatre (Identity) is one of the dramatic Genre, witch in Iran is with the Name of Radi very remarkable and in Germany with its modern Shape in 20 Century has the Pioneer of Horvath,  Fleisser, Fassbinder, and Kroetz in their History. This Theatre in its modern Shape is critical- social. It is for the People and about the People and it refers to the peoples Life and the Underdog, the Workers and Vilage People and the People , who are working in the Vilages and the Suburbs and their real Life with the Good and the bad can be shown. This Article tries to show this Reality with the Comparison of both Theatre “ Death in the Fall” the iranian Dramatist Akbar  Radi and “Upper Austria” the German Dramatist Franz Xaver Kroetz. The two Dramatists have chosen this Genre to show the Life of ordinary People in their Society and they tried to clear and remarkable this reality for their audience. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Application of the structural analysis of narration: narrative analysis of the play “The Visit of the old lady” by Friedrich Durrenmatt according to Roland Barthes point of view
Kambiz Safiei

The play “The Visit of the old lady” written by Friedrich Durrenmatt in 1955 has been recognized as his masterpiece by many literary critics. This play brought him international fame. The present article analyses the narrative structure of thi More

The play “The Visit of the old lady” written by Friedrich Durrenmatt in 1955 has been recognized as his masterpiece by many literary critics. This play brought him international fame. The present article analyses the narrative structure of this play especially according to Roland Barthes literary criticism approach and at the same time it tries to reveal the meanings and denotations through studying the functions and actions in the underlying layers of the play as a narrative. This is what Roland Barthes is after in the analysis of narratives. In fact what are revealed after analyzing this narrative are opportunism and profiteeringand debility of the will of society. People who kill ethics simply for the profit and act opposite to what they say. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - A Comparison of the Sequence of Events, Narration and Characters in the Story of “Rostam & Esfandiar” with the Play “Macbeth”
Leila Hashemian Noushin Bahramipour

The story of “Rostam&Esfandiar” is one of the most beautiful and attractive stories of “Shahnameh” by Firdausi. “Macbeth” is also a famous play by Shakespeare. These two literary works share some certain similarities. The present More

The story of “Rostam&Esfandiar” is one of the most beautiful and attractive stories of “Shahnameh” by Firdausi. “Macbeth” is also a famous play by Shakespeare. These two literary works share some certain similarities. The present article is an attempt to study these similarities in the stories of “Rostam&Esfandiar” by Firdausi and “Macbeth” by Shakespeare taking into consideration the sequence of events, narration and characters. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Utopian though at the beginning of the Radi’s plays by considering the view of Farabi’s philosophic utopia
Samira Abbasi AtaAllah Kopal

10.30495/dk.2020.679785

The present study aims to investigate three plays of the Akbar Radi’s which are selected in the 1340s by considering Farabi’s utopian thought. This investigation attempts to consider the current dramatics remnants by considering Farabi’s utopian though More

The present study aims to investigate three plays of the Akbar Radi’s which are selected in the 1340s by considering Farabi’s utopian thought. This investigation attempts to consider the current dramatics remnants by considering Farabi’s utopian thought. Akbar Radi affected the pattern of plays in Iran for 4 decades through introducing interesting topics and language of plays. The present study investigates the data which is obtained by the library method based on the descriptive-analytical method. Moreover, it evaluates utopian thought of characters in Radi’s plays according to the view of Farabi’s utopia and by the use of Islamic-Iranian philosophy, it criticizes Akbar Radi’s plays. The purpose of this study is to peruse current dramatics remnants with utopian views which generally are referred to the theories of Plato, Tomas Mohr, and other western ideologists. Utopian view which is both common and fundamental element in world’s dramatics remnant. Akbar Radi is an idealist and ideologue author. He created several characters who try to find utopia, in order to emancipate from the status with the various methods. The result of this investigation clearly indicates that all the Akbar Radi’s plays in the 40s included different characters with assorted utopian thought. The most important pint of Radi’s dramatics plays in40s is that all of the utopian characters had been failing to find own utopia. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The relationship between time and the aesthetics of the play "The Crow's Mouth"
Leila javaheri Mohammad Reza Sharifzade merdad rayani makhsos

Time, as one of the important components of "narrative", has always been one of the important topics of the science of "narrative" and the theorists of this field have discussed it. In the meantime, "Gerard Genet", as the most influential theoretician about the time of More

Time, as one of the important components of "narrative", has always been one of the important topics of the science of "narrative" and the theorists of this field have discussed it. In the meantime, "Gerard Genet", as the most influential theoretician about the time of the text, has presented an independent theory about the factor of time and its role in the narrative, order And it is often distinguished. Looking at the play as a text with a conventional structure and relying on time, which includes elements such as: confusion, conflict, complexity, suspense, crisis, disaster, and landing, which follow each other in a certain order; The present research intends to use a descriptive and analytical method, while examining the temporality of the narrative play "Dehani Per Ya Kalagh" written by "Jamshid Khanian", to answer the question: what effect does the temporal model used in the play "Dahani Per Ya Kalagh" based on the approach of "Gerard Genet" have on Does this work have a structural aesthetic? Since time is one of the influential components in Jamshid Khanian's dramatic works, this article aims to show, based on the approach of "Gerard Genet", the special temporality used in the play "The Crow's Mouth" as a narrative, in order to plan and discover the hidden cause in The events and payment of the structure, creating suspense and attractiveness for the audience and adding depth and richness to the characters have been effective. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The study of situational Irony In Dolat Abadie’s story and Dramas
razie fani aski firooz fazeli mahmood ranjbar

Irony of situation is result from phantasms, imaginations and concepts that it will be made of elements are service the situation. This sort of irony has an especial place in Fiction and dramas. Dolat Abadie’s story and Dramas have an especial position in fiction. More

Irony of situation is result from phantasms, imaginations and concepts that it will be made of elements are service the situation. This sort of irony has an especial place in Fiction and dramas. Dolat Abadie’s story and Dramas have an especial position in fiction. Because of critical language and authority of Theme’s writer in demonstration of specific problems. Personification, scene, plot and actions in this works have potential power for Irony of situation and Grotesque showing. Therefore we endeavor to indicate all kinds of ironical situation and Grotesque in this research, methods of creating them and Theme’s social reflections. With deliberation in this works we see that Characterization and Comic actions are the dominant factor of creation of situational irony. This case is more dominant in drama. Plot. And network of communication between Characters have important roles in ironical behavior action, situation, scene and dialogue. But character’s situation is the pivotal point and other formation. Moreover satirize Management system. The Most important subjects that are writer’s purpose are: cultural and Jeopardy of Society, Modernism, lack of justice and exist of corruption in diverse class in society Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Lingual Difference in the Translation of Early Versus Contemporary Dramatic texts in Iran
Elmira Solymanirad Ali khazaei far Masood khosh salighe

There are two general approaches in the area of drama translation: First, an approach that considers drama as literary text and translates it like other literary texts .Second, an approach that translates drama for performance purposes. These two approaches lead transl More

There are two general approaches in the area of drama translation: First, an approach that considers drama as literary text and translates it like other literary texts .Second, an approach that translates drama for performance purposes. These two approaches lead translators to use different strategies and  language structures in the translation: the dual classification of dramatic texts into page and stage translation. This paper aims at investigating the language differences of dramatic texts in two different periods in Iran. For this aim, six dramas were selected (three dramas from the earlier periods of translating dramatic texts in Iran and three dramas from contemporary periods). They were analyzed from standard and colloquial language point of view. The results showed that translators followed standard language approach in translating the early dramatic texts although some Persian idioms and colloquial phrases were seen at some spots. And it showed that in contemporary translations that translators’ approach to translating dramatic texts is using colloquial language. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Research in historiography Bayhaqī Author profile
auoob mansuri

In this article we tried to say : the Beihaghi history,beyond the colloquial sense about the history book,in fact is an expressive moral,social and literary book, and in addition to having the features of reports,newspaper and film composing, it is like a historical sto More

In this article we tried to say : the Beihaghi history,beyond the colloquial sense about the history book,in fact is an expressive moral,social and literary book, and in addition to having the features of reports,newspaper and film composing, it is like a historical story and its a history of another kind. This article is ful of rhetoric and is a mirror of Beihaghi period. The Beihaghis excellent and quasi-cinematic descriptions is a place for contemplation. One of the most efficient and dramatic descriptions in Beihaghi history appears on «the gallows of Hasanak.» Beihaghi is awar of his moral duty,and his work is like an ethical book and his language is a courteous language,he does not use of discourteous words and makes decorous and trim sentences,the length and width he has given to his work, has broken the narrow frame of history and led his work to the realm of literature and novels. Beihaghi, with ambition,assiduity and patience in observing and recording the details and displaying the events and characterization and writing the dialogues and creating a sense of suspense in the audience, could write the first Persian historical novel with most central element ,namely characterization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - The Analysis of Feminine Style in The Bride a Play Written by Faridah Farjam
farzaneh heidari

This study focuses on feminine style which is noticed by researchers regarding the increasing number of female writers in the contemporary era. The names of Robin Lakoff and Sarah Mills are distinguished among the theorists of this field, due to the presentation of prac More

This study focuses on feminine style which is noticed by researchers regarding the increasing number of female writers in the contemporary era. The names of Robin Lakoff and Sarah Mills are distinguished among the theorists of this field, due to the presentation of practical models. Lakoff enumerates some features of feminine language emphasizing the linguistic differences between men and women, and Mills considers three levels of vocabulary, sentences and discourse in the linguistic analysis of feminine works. The methodology of the current research is discourse analysis based on the integration of Lakoff and Mills' theories on four levels: 1. lexical 2. syntactic 3. rhetorical 4. Discourse. The purpose of the study is to find the characteristics of feminine style in The Bride written by Faridah Farjam who was the first Iranian female playwriter. The findings of the research indicate that the author used feminine linguistics in vocabulary, syntax, and rhetoric at the discourse level, to challenge male culture and assert women’s rights, and develop their personality and awareness. Also, the influence of the author’s gender on the tone of the text is another component for confirming the theoretical models. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - A Feminist Reading of Patriarchy in Bahram Beyzai’s Selected Plays
raziyeh shayanmehr ali dehghan naser dashtpeyma

Feminists believe that in a male-dominated society men are in authority over women. According to Feminists, the causes of women’s subversion in the patriarchal society are men’s access to power structures, the unequal distribution of social privileges and in More

Feminists believe that in a male-dominated society men are in authority over women. According to Feminists, the causes of women’s subversion in the patriarchal society are men’s access to power structures, the unequal distribution of social privileges and inappropriate relations between men and women. Patriarchy is a notable issue in literary texts. Bahram Beyzaie is one of authors. He writes plays, and one of the main issues of his plays is gender inequality and differences in women and men’s roles. The purpose of this paper is to explore the position of female characters in the patriarchal world of Bahram Beyzai’s  "The Death of Akbar and Her One Thousand and One Nights" plays have been explored through a descriptive- analytical approach. This study shows that abuse of women, alienation from women, suppression of self-esteem, security and identity challenges, otherness, etc., are signs and factors of patriarchy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - A Feministic Review of Bahram Beizaei’s Plays
Reza Sadeghishahpar Fatemeh talebi

The feminists concede that the human civilization was under the influence of men and has always been making women dependant on them. They also argue that there has been a constant male domination on literal works, leaving women nothing much, but second rate figures. The More

The feminists concede that the human civilization was under the influence of men and has always been making women dependant on them. They also argue that there has been a constant male domination on literal works, leaving women nothing much, but second rate figures. Therefore they propose a dire need to reconsidering and challenging the past literal works, focusing on depicting female affections. In addition to female writers, some male ones have reflected such notions in their works criticizing the unjust behaviors upon women. BahramBeizaei, corresponding with feminists, is amongst those who have tried to restate the true position of women in the society by depicting a different face of them in his plays. The dominating, disparaging, sexual and instrumental stances adopted by a male dominated society towards women, alongside with women’s inactive response, are the main feministic issues featured in BahramBeizaei’s plays. The present essay is a feministic approach to three of Beizaei’s plays i.e. Pardeh Khaneh, the facts about Leila, the daughter of Edris, Nodbeh.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - تاثیر دانش پیش زمینه ای مترجم بر کیفیت ترجمه
مریم رادفر

10.30495/ttlt.2022.1961426.2142

به خوبی ثابت شده است که دانش، تأثیرات قوی بر درک متن و حافظه دارد. مطالعات کمی در مورد نقش دانش پیش زمینه ای بر کیفیت ترجمه وجود دارد. هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر بررسی نقش دانش پیش زمینه ای در کیفیت ترجمه نمایشنامه است. برای این منظور، ترجمه های ادبی دو گروه مورد مقایسه قرار گ More

به خوبی ثابت شده است که دانش، تأثیرات قوی بر درک متن و حافظه دارد. مطالعات کمی در مورد نقش دانش پیش زمینه ای بر کیفیت ترجمه وجود دارد. هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر بررسی نقش دانش پیش زمینه ای در کیفیت ترجمه نمایشنامه است. برای این منظور، ترجمه های ادبی دو گروه مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. در پژوهش حاضر یک گروه آزمایش و یک گروه کنترل وجود داشت. شرکت کنندگان در هر دو گروه 60 نفر از دانشجویان کارشناسی ادبیات انگلیسی دانشگاه فردوسی بودند. از شرکت کنندگان در هر دو گروه یک پیش آزمون گرفته شد. پیش آزمون کیفیت ترجمه را بررسی کرد. بر اساس مدل ارزیابی کیفیت ترجمه فرحزاد (فرحزاد، 1992)، کیفیت ترجمه ها بررسی شد. سپس دانشجویان گروه آزمایش تحت آموزش ویژه قرار گرفتند (فرحزاد، 1992). آنها دانش پیش زمینه ای خوبی از نمایشنامه دشمن مردم بر اساس مدل دانش پیش زمینه ای استرنگمن و هال به دست آوردند (Strangman et al., 2009). آنها نمایشنامه را مطالعه کردند و جنبه های مختلف آن را تحلیل کردند. اما دانشجویان گروه کنترل دانش پیش زمینه ای خود را در مورد متن مبدا بهبود ندادند. آنها هیچ آموزشی دریافت نکردند. پس از پایان آموزش، از دو گروه پس آزمون گرفته شد و از آنها خواسته شد تا متن استخراج شده از نمایشنامه را ترجمه کنند. نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان می دهد که دسترسی به اطلاعات پیش زمینه ای و دانش موضوعی بر کیفیت ترجمه تأثیر دارد. Manuscript profile

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14 - بررسی مشکلات عناصر و ویژگی های ترجمه نمایشنامه
Saiedeh Goodarzi Seyed Nezamaddin Moeinzadeh

10.30495/ttlt.2022.696793

پژوهش حاضر با هدف یافتن مشکلات اصلی در ترجمه عناصر نمایشنامه انجام شده است. همچنین این تحقیق به بررسی میزان قابل ترجمه بودن عناصر نمایشنامه پرداخته و مشکل سازترین عناصر در فرآیند ترجمه در این تحقیق برجسته شده است. این تحقیق از نوع کیفی است که بر چهار عنصر درام متمرکز اس More

پژوهش حاضر با هدف یافتن مشکلات اصلی در ترجمه عناصر نمایشنامه انجام شده است. همچنین این تحقیق به بررسی میزان قابل ترجمه بودن عناصر نمایشنامه پرداخته و مشکل سازترین عناصر در فرآیند ترجمه در این تحقیق برجسته شده است. این تحقیق از نوع کیفی است که بر چهار عنصر درام متمرکز است که شامل طرح ، موضوع ، تعارض و شخصیت پردازی است. داده های جمع آوری شده برای این تحقیق شامل اثر آرتور میلر "مرگ یک فروشنده" و ترجمه فارسی آن توسط نوریان بوده است. پس از تجزیه و تحلیل و تفسیر داده ها ، نتایج بطور کامل بحث و ارائه شدند. اگرچه مترجم سعی در یافتن معادل های مناسب برای نزدیک تر شدن به زبان مقصد داشته است، اما عناصر طرح و تعارض که با ویژگی های فرهنگ مرتبط هستند به نوعی غیرقابل ترجمه هستند و درک عمق داستان ممکن است برای مخاطبان دشوار باشد. با توجه به قابل ترجمه بودن ترجمه انتخاب شده، یافته های پژوهش حاکی از آن است که بیشتر عناصر نمایشنامه قابل ترجمه هستند و مترجم ترجمه قابل قبولی را برای نمایشنامه ارائه داده است. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Myth of Sacrifice in the Works of Bahram Beyzai
Roqayeh Vahābi Daryākanāri Maryam Hoseini

Sacrificing is one of the oldest rites that has been noticed by religions and nations.Throughout the ages, human beings have tried to obtain the satisfaction of the gods and to protect from the anger of them by giving gifts and sacrificing. The aim of the present articl More

Sacrificing is one of the oldest rites that has been noticed by religions and nations.Throughout the ages, human beings have tried to obtain the satisfaction of the gods and to protect from the anger of them by giving gifts and sacrificing. The aim of the present article is to analyze "the myth of sacrifice" in the screenplays and plays of Bahram Beyzai. Beyzai has an extensive knowledge about myths and has used a variety of them to write his literary works. In his writings, he has used "the myth of sacrifice" in two ways. First, throughout a story, he has explicitly spoken about the ritual of "myth of sacrifice" in various forms and for various purposes. Second, he has created screenplays or plays that "hero-sacrifice" is the main character of them. And sometimes, this creative writer uses both ways. In the present article, the play Kalat Claimed and screenplays The Tales of Mir-e Kafanpoush, The land, Talhak and the Others and The Scrolls of Sheikh Sharzin are analyzed. The results of the research show that Beyzai uses a variety of sacrifices, such as bloody-human, bloody-animal, and unbloody (drinks) sacrifices. In his narratives, he divides the purpose of sacrificing into three types: for atoning, for imploration and for thanksgiving. Also, "hero-sacrifice" has a significant presence in his works.  Manuscript profile

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16 - The Analysis of the Delibāy and Ahou
Mohammadali Mahmoodī Kamālidin Ārkī

In this article, the playDelibāy and Ahou by Abbas Maroufi is considered. We believe that Maroufi has created this play to obtain a better understanding of the culture and values of Turkmen. Studying the play helps to recognize the Turkman myths; so the play needs to be More

In this article, the playDelibāy and Ahou by Abbas Maroufi is considered. We believe that Maroufi has created this play to obtain a better understanding of the culture and values of Turkmen. Studying the play helps to recognize the Turkman myths; so the play needs to be analyzed profoundly. So, the basic question of the present article is that how and in what way the play uses the mythical elements to transform its message. After introducing the Turkman myths and the play Delibāy and Ahou, we consider the myths mentioned in the play. Most of the myths in the play belong to pre-Islamic period, the period that the Turkmen believed in shamanism. The main thought of the play is based on belief in spirit of dead and its influence in the life of man. Worshiping the spirit of ancestors and worshiping the nature (sky, moon, mountain and etc.) are the other shamanistic beliefs proposed in the play. Manuscript profile

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17 - A Comparative Study of the Most Important Elements of the Play in the Poetry of Badr Shaker Assyab and Nima Youshij
Forough  Elahi

AbstractDrama or play is a Greek word which means state, action, and incident which only reminded Greek plays, but nowadays it is not exclusive to a theater but its elements and traits such as dialog, character, incident, struggle ….. and has also appeared in oth More

AbstractDrama or play is a Greek word which means state, action, and incident which only reminded Greek plays, but nowadays it is not exclusive to a theater but its elements and traits such as dialog, character, incident, struggle ….. and has also appeared in other arts and is considered one of the best methods of expression in the contemporary Arabic and Farsi poetry.In the mean time, Badr Shaker Assyab and Nima youshij, having passed of the ancient structure and theme, have entered the dramatic elements in the field of poetry. Freedom from restrictions of rhyme, rhythm, a variety of poetical meters in prosody, extensive use of myth, symbol and their ability in creating new images and tendency to realism led to the opening of new chapter in the innovation of these two well-known Persian and Iraki poets. The present research has been done in descriptive – analytic method based on the comparative literature of American style and has dealt with the most important dramatic of conflict, incidence, dialog, characterization in the above mentioned poets. The results indicate that the dramatic poems of these two poets are in the category of exquisite plays which have been composed to give pleasure to the readers, not for being performed on the stage. Both poets were successful in the conscious  usage of the most significant dramatic elements in their poetry. However, the important distinction is that Nima had more declamatory approach to Syab in composing such poetry. Manuscript profile

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18 - The Genre and Aesthetic Essence in Drama and Screen Play
Abbas Baghi Nezhad

Abstract Both drama and screen play can be deemed either as literary genres or artistic types. Due to their linguistic structures as well as the linguistic capacity and rhetorical artifice implemented in the content by writers, drama and screen play are categorized as More

Abstract Both drama and screen play can be deemed either as literary genres or artistic types. Due to their linguistic structures as well as the linguistic capacity and rhetorical artifice implemented in the content by writers, drama and screen play are categorized as literary types in a fashion that both of them are regarded as a literary genre and a type of prose. In effect, it is the textual dramatic capacity, dramatic diction, and the rendering of the dramatic words into objective symbols and emblems that delineate the discrepancy between works of drama and screen play and other literary genres. Although drama and screen play do not have a long history in Iran, they have gained such a stature that a great deal of contemporary competent writers have been dealing with writing them. Accordingly, despite their dramatic and artistic affiliation with the realm of theater and cinema, these literary genres, together with their specific styles of writing, maintain a highly significant status in contemporary Iranian literature. This study surveys the background of drama and screen writing in Iran in order to investigate analytically the essence of these two literary genres. Correspondingly, the confluence, similarities and dissimilarities between these two genres and other types of art and literature have been explored. Manuscript profile

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