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Open Access Article
1 - A comparative study of the "polyphonic" component in contemporary Arabic and Persian novels with emphasis on Bakhtin's theories (Sooshun Simin Daneshvar- Miramar Najib Mahfouz)
Zohreh Dastpak saeid hamidian Farhad TahmasebiThe present research, using the opinions of Mikhail Bakhtin and especially the theory of polyphony, tries to comparatively analyze the discourses in the novels "Sushon" by Simin Daneshvar and "Miramar" by Najib Mahfouz and by using the descriptive-an MoreThe present research, using the opinions of Mikhail Bakhtin and especially the theory of polyphony, tries to comparatively analyze the discourses in the novels "Sushon" by Simin Daneshvar and "Miramar" by Najib Mahfouz and by using the descriptive-analytical method to reflect the polyphony in Pay these novels. The author evaluates these novels based on Bakhtin's conversational logic and the components in it, and in the meantime, the research has answered the question of how polyphony is represented in the selected novels. The results of the research show that in the above stories we witness polyphony, but the form and manner of expression of this polyphony are different and in each story factors such as: gender, social and economic structure, intellectual currents in the form of two poles of self-awareness and cultural alienation are involved. The results of polyphony are represented in the form of components more than other factors. Women often have the role of following the thought that is issued from the moral reference of the story, and they generally strengthen the polyphony in the story with a partial style. The social and economic structure, class conflict, and intellectual currents in the stories, each of them create the field of discourse diversity by creating two opposite poles as the other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Sociological analysis of Del Koor's novel by Isma'il Fasih
saman khani esfand abad Mah NazariThe sociology of literature is the study of literary texts from a sociological point of view that illustrates the relationship between literature and social elements. In fact, this type of analysis examines the interplay between literature and society. A different readi MoreThe sociology of literature is the study of literary texts from a sociological point of view that illustrates the relationship between literature and social elements. In fact, this type of analysis examines the interplay between literature and society. A different reading of literary work is a two-way process between author and reader. It is important because literary traditions seek for absolutism of meaning, a one-dimensional view that the modern man does not tolerate, and in some way disgusts the reader. But critiques based on sociology as a new analysis make the reader's mind link to different aspects of the text's aesthetics. To this end, the novel by Isma’il Fasih Del Koor, which covers various prominent periods of Iranian history, including the years of Pahlavi rule and the constitutional revolution(Enghelabe Mashrouteh), has been critiqued sociologically to illustrate the relation of literature to the environment and social classes of that era. In this study, we first outline the theories of critique of sociology of literature and categorize sociological components from Goldmann, Lukacs, Bakhtin, and Escarpit's viewpoints and then apply them to the context of the author's intended community so that we can understand the life style of people, classes Different societies, especially the weak and low-income classes, their occupations, women's social status and their deprivation, historical issues, social infrastructure, lack of health, prevalence of diseases and famines, use of traditional medicine in lieu of up-to-date treatments, social injuries , Poverty, Prostitution, Rape, Violence, Usury, Acid Spraying, Religious Beliefs, Popular Beliefs Yeah, we better understand the superstitions of that era and ... It should be noted that this research has been done by "descriptive - analytical" method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Representations of Hybridity in Saud al-Sanousi’s 'sāq al-bāmbo' (The Bamboo Stalk), Based on Dialogism
Shahriar Niazi Fatemeh AarajiNarration is a cultural product that means in the frame of relation. Narration is a conversational phenomenon that has not any existence outside conversational and relational framework. 'sāq al-bāmbo' (The Bamboo Stalk) is represented in a cultural atmosphere accompanie MoreNarration is a cultural product that means in the frame of relation. Narration is a conversational phenomenon that has not any existence outside conversational and relational framework. 'sāq al-bāmbo' (The Bamboo Stalk) is represented in a cultural atmosphere accompanied with considerable capacity of expansion for this novel to be a convincing literary creation. In such a way that it can courageously manifests all inconsistencies and disintegrations of different individuals of every society. This novel could depict multiplicity by pushing aside barriers, while it talks of a variant cultural space that the consciousness of new novelists are off springs of that space. This novel concerns of escaping from monologue and provides a text in which voices and dimensions are plural. Meanwhile, the open end of the novel, plurality of voices and diversity of viewpoints, are all preparations for the main character of the novel. A personage who spoke of his wandering and parallels himself to bamboo tree. The novel is interesting because it formed in a cultural-combinatory arena to announce explosion of inconsistencies that are the main characteristics of its connotation; specially, we see that this novel ridicules mono-dimensionalism. The narration of the novel in a protesting combination wants to remove those magnifications that drown people's voices and kills every chance of growth. So, this article tries to deal with the forbidden angles entered this novel, so that we realize how a novel aims at old traditions in Arabic societies. This article, relies on dialogism, follows this aim that how representations of hybridity manifest themselves in the main personage of the novel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The Polyphonic Narration in the novel 'dafāter al-Warrāq' (Notebooks of the Bookseller) by Jalal Barjas in the light of the theory of 'Mikhail Bakhtin'
Majid Salehbek Maedeh Zohriarab The polyphonic novel is a novel in which we find the disappearance of the narrator in favor of the characters who undertake the process of narration and discourse by themselves and freely express themselves, their thoughts, and their own experiences, and this is w More The polyphonic novel is a novel in which we find the disappearance of the narrator in favor of the characters who undertake the process of narration and discourse by themselves and freely express themselves, their thoughts, and their own experiences, and this is what the critics named the polyphonic narration. We encounter the polyphonic narration in the novels of modern and postmodern literature as a departure from the traditional novel and its characterization by polyphony at different levels. Polyphony and poly-lingual are the most important concepts that Mickhail Bakhtin, the Russian theorist, was looking for. There is no doubt that the polyphonic narrative text is a new type of literary text and has a paramount importance in forming different languages and voices with different cultural and social affiliations and in changing a novel to a play in which the fictional characters interact. Accordingly, this research aims to study the polyphonic narration in the novel 'dafāter al-warrāq' (Notebooks of the Bookseller) by Jalal Barjas, the Jordanian novelist, in the light of Mikhail Bakhtin's theory. While the novel has polyphony feature, the research tries to depict its polyphonic basis through adaptation of polyphony in the text of the novel. Since the topic deserves to explore deeply and focus on its different aspects, this research tries to deals deeper with the polyphony feature of this novel. The approach of the research is that the text of the fictional text of Jalal Barjas includes multiplicity in personalities, consciousness patterns, ideologies, and others things that are among the components of the polyphonic narrative. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
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zahra saberinia... -
Open Access Article
6 - The Origins of Power in Saadi's Words
Giti Shirvandehi Fateme Sheikhlovand Mohammad Farahamand Masoud ZebardastIn the apparent levels and layers of the text, in a pyramidal structure, Saadi considers the origin of power to be a divine gift that is granted to certain people and is transferred from them to family members. However, text like language is based on the nature of conve MoreIn the apparent levels and layers of the text, in a pyramidal structure, Saadi considers the origin of power to be a divine gift that is granted to certain people and is transferred from them to family members. However, text like language is based on the nature of conversation, and it is always a place of accumulation of meanings, concepts, and multiple voices. In addition to the author's intention and dominant discourse, many other voices can be heard in it. Therefore, the text provides possibilities for the readers and researchers that go beyond the perception of the dominant discourse. In the first step, this article tries to use the opinions of thinkers such as Mikhail Bakhtin, Roland Barthes, and Paul Ricoeur to show that texts are a combination of sounds, quotations, references, and possibilities that go beyond authorial awareness and provide the context for more recent reading and understanding. Then, it tries to examine Saadi's position in Iranshahri political theory. Finally, it seeks to show, through Michel Foucault's genealogical achievements that power in Saadi's thought and works is not confined to a specific institution or position but flows throughout social relationships and networks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Welcome toHades and the Myth of Persephone: A Comparative Analysis Based on Theory of Intertextuality
Afsane Hasan zade dastjerdiSometimes, the writers of literary texts utilize some characters from the other texts, stories and even the whole plot. One of main recourses of stories is myths that have been reflected in rites, beliefs and fables in different forms. The Greek myth of Persephone and h MoreSometimes, the writers of literary texts utilize some characters from the other texts, stories and even the whole plot. One of main recourses of stories is myths that have been reflected in rites, beliefs and fables in different forms. The Greek myth of Persephone and her journey to the kingdom of Hades, the god of underworld, a myth about death and resurrection, is one of them. The main character of the novel, Welcome to Hades, by Belgheis Soleimani, travels like Persephone and after experiencing the events finally reaches the underworld. By using analytic method the present article attempt to explore the role and method of presence and recreation of the myth of Persephone in the novel, Welcome to Hades, with respect to Julia Kristeva’s theory of intertextuality and the ideas of Bakhtin about the logic of dialogue of texts and intertextual relationship in literary texts. The results of the research show that the myths of Persephone and Hades are a pretext for the novel Welcome to Hades and have influenced the structure and characters of the novel. By this way the hidden dimensions of the novel can be understood better. Manuscript profile
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