مدیریت سود

Open Access Article

1 - The effectiveness test of customer concentration on cash holdings adjustment speed in listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange
Mohammad Amin Rastegar

10.30495/jfksa.2022.19841

Companies operate in environments where the company's ability to make a profit alone cannot guarantee the company's growth and survival. But maintaining the balance between business growth and social growth is expected to increase the company's profitability to some ext More

Companies operate in environments where the company's ability to make a profit alone cannot guarantee the company's growth and survival. But maintaining the balance between business growth and social growth is expected to increase the company's profitability to some extent. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the adjusting role of real profit management on the relationship between organizational risk management and management overconfidence with social responsibilities in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this regard, 101 companies (707 year-company views) listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 1392 to 1398 have been studied. In order to test the research hypotheses, the multiple linear regression model was used using panel data. The results of this study show that there is a positive and significant relationship between organizational risk management and managerial overconfidence with corporate social responsibilities. Also, the research findings showed that real profit management weakens the relationship between organizational risk management and managerial overconfidence with corporate social responsibilities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The relationship between stock liquidity and real earnings management with the moderating role of institutional ownership
Yassaman Khalili Atefeh Hajiyan Berenjanstki

Managers in different companies may turn to earnings management in order to increase the amount of bonus received, to show the good status of the company and to maintain their managerial position. Earnings management in different companies done by two methods of accrual More

Managers in different companies may turn to earnings management in order to increase the amount of bonus received, to show the good status of the company and to maintain their managerial position. Earnings management in different companies done by two methods of accrual and actual earnings management, and in this research, real earnings management, which is less paid attention to in research, investigated. One of the factors that, according to theoretical principles, may affect the amount of real earnings management is the liquidity of stocks. Therefore, in this research, the relationship of stock liquidity with two criteria, Amihud and Amivest, investigated with real earnings management. The statistical population of this research is the companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2016 to 2022 and the data of this research includes 1029 company-years. Multivariate regressions and panel data method used to test the hypotheses. The result of this research showed that stock liquidity has a significant effect on the amount of real earnings management in companies and institutional ownership moderates this relationship. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Comparative Investigation of the Guily and Hice Model and Jones Adjusted Model for Testing
Saeed Jabbarzadeh Kangarloiee Saeed Khodayar Yeganeh

With respect to results of research done on the impact of conservatism in finanancial reporting on earnings management around the world, that was achieved conflicting results. in this study, we try to answer the following two questions. First, the level of conservatism More

With respect to results of research done on the impact of conservatism in finanancial reporting on earnings management around the world, that was achieved conflicting results. in this study, we try to answer the following two questions. First, the level of conservatism in financial reporting used by companies in Tehran Stock Exchange, what do the trend show over time. And Second, whether the managers have the behavior of conservative in financial reporting, show trend to earnings management or non-conservative managers. To answer the above questions and test of research hypotheses, the sample of 97 member from listed companies of Tehran Stock Exchange in a 7-year period between 1380 to 1386 are selected. Then, after the measurement of conservatism through the Guily and Hine model and earnings management through adjusted Jones model, are examined research hypothesis. The results of applying the conservative trend in financial reporting, shows a very low level using the conservative and close to zero that indicates the non-use of conservatism in financial statements by corporate managers. The other hand and according to the above results, the main research hypothesis based on the conservative influence in financial reporting on the earnings management, is rejected. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Social Conservatism and Earnings Management: A Behavioral Approach
Mansour Bagheri Bahman Banimah Hashem Nikoomaram

This study investigates the relationship between social conservatism and earnings management from behavioral approach. Social conservatism refers to the preservation of ancient traditions of community. The research method is descriptive and it's instrument is questionna More

This study investigates the relationship between social conservatism and earnings management from behavioral approach. Social conservatism refers to the preservation of ancient traditions of community. The research method is descriptive and it's instrument is questionnaire. Hypothesis testing has conducted by multivariate linear regression. The results of the study show that social conservatism have a significant and direct relationship with opportunistic earnings management. Also, the evidence of this research shows that the levels of social conservatism of males are more than females. Job rank and work experience have not any significant relation with opportunistic earnings management. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The Relationship between Real Earnings Management Activities and Future Performance of the Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange
علی سعیدی نرگس حمیدیان حامد ربیعی

There is considerable research on accrual-based earnings management in accountingliterature but, real activities-based earnings management and its effects are lessinvestigated. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relation of real earningsmanagement activi More

There is considerable research on accrual-based earnings management in accountingliterature but, real activities-based earnings management and its effects are lessinvestigated. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relation of real earningsmanagement activities and future performance of listed companies in Tehran StockExchange.This research utilizes panel data method and a sample of 123 firms during the period2000-2010. Following Cohen & Zarowin (2010), we use the abnormal cash flows fromoperations, abnormal cost of production and abnormal discretionary expenditures asproxies of real earnings management activities. The future cash flows from operationsand future earnings from operations are considered as proxies of future performance.The results indicate that there is a negative and significant relationship betweenabnormal cash flows from operations, abnormal cost of production, and abnormaldiscretionary expenditures as the proxies of real earnings management and futureperformance Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Appraising Accrued & Real-Based earning management to achieve industry Average Profitability
Shima hoseinzadeh Azita Jahanshad

In order to materiality of accounting earnings in management compensation and turnover, management performance evaluation this paper helps some papers on relative industry average Profitability as a measure of earnings .This measure is specified out of company and contr More

In order to materiality of accounting earnings in management compensation and turnover, management performance evaluation this paper helps some papers on relative industry average Profitability as a measure of earnings .This measure is specified out of company and control. It is a movable goal that depends on profitability of other companies in the same industry. In addition managers are likely to have strong incentives to maintain earnings in desirable level and to achieve industry-average profitability but sometimes manage earnings by accrual & real-based earnings management This research is to measure accrual & real-based earnings management in order to achieve industry average profitability by two hypothesis .After considering the parameters on listed Tehran Stock Exchange, a total of 186 companies were screened and selected. The hypothesis testing method is based on “Panel data method. Due to the result, A direct and significant relationship exists between “achievement of industry profitability average and “accrual & real earnings Management” of the companies. In fact, companies engage accrual & real earnings management to achieve industry profitability Average Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Bloated Balance Sheet and Substitute Mechanisms to Avoid Negative Earnings Surprises
Hassan Farajzadeh Dehkordi Hassan Hemmati Hale Sanaee

In this paper, we examine the role of the balance sheet as a constraint on accrual-basedearnings management and its impact on the tradeoffs between accrual-based earningsmanagement, real earnings management, and forecast guidance in managing earningssurprises. Overall, More

In this paper, we examine the role of the balance sheet as a constraint on accrual-basedearnings management and its impact on the tradeoffs between accrual-based earningsmanagement, real earnings management, and forecast guidance in managing earningssurprises. Overall, our evidence suggests that managers turn to real earnings management or downward forecast guidance as a substitute mechanism to avoid negative earnings surprises when their ability to manipulate accruals upward is constrained by the extent to which net assets are already overstated in the balance sheet. Nevertheless, our evidence should be interpreted with caution given the limitations of our study. In particular, our study uses management’ earnings forecasts rather than analysts’ earnings forecasts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The effect of conservatism over the accrual based, real and aggregate earnings management in the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE)
عبدالمهدی انصاری مصطفی دری سده علی شیرزاد

The manager often manage earnings to hustle the stockholders. So, it is ususal thatstockholders say earnings management is bad and try to control managers.Stockholders believe that conservatism is a control object that limits earningsmanagement. This study investigates More

The manager often manage earnings to hustle the stockholders. So, it is ususal thatstockholders say earnings management is bad and try to control managers.Stockholders believe that conservatism is a control object that limits earningsmanagement. This study investigates probable effect of conservatism on earningsmanagement. An untested common assumption in prior literature is that conservatismlimits the opportunitiesforsuccessful accruals-based earnings management. Samplingpopulation of the present study includes 135 accepted companies at Tehran stockexchange and manufacturing parts in the time period of 2006 to 2011.In this study weuse jones model and Kothari for measuring accrual management and realmanagement, and for measuring conservatism we use from Garcia et al study.In thisstudy we find a negative associationbetween conservatism andaccrualsearningsmanagement, and a positive association between conservatism and real earningsmanagement. Also we testeffect of conservatism onAggregate level of earningsmanagement and we find a negative associationbetween conservatism andAggregatelevel of earnings management. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Presenting a model of the effect of decision-making styles on scenario-based profit management by considering five neo personality factors in financial managers
Manouchehr Aravand zohreh hajiha hamidreza kordlouie mohammad khanmohammadi tahereh mahmoodian

10.30495/jma.2023.21909

In the accounting literature, the decision-making approach as a dominant theory in accounting explains the theory of the company. The aim of this study was to provide a model of the effect of decision-making styles on scenario-based profit management by considering five More

In the accounting literature, the decision-making approach as a dominant theory in accounting explains the theory of the company. The aim of this study was to provide a model of the effect of decision-making styles on scenario-based profit management by considering five personality factors in financial managers. Descriptive research method is correlation. Decision-making styles are independent variables and profit management is the dependent variable, and the five personality factors of Neo are the moderating variables. The statistical population includes all the financial managers of the member companies of the Tehran Stock Exchange in 1400. The total number of companies is 540 companies, and finally 120 companies were selected as a sample after screening (systematic exclusion). In order to measure the profit management based on the study of Klikman and Henning (2000), a scenario was first designed and then the scores extracted from the scenario were considered as the score of profit management. The tools used include Scott and Bruce's general decision-making styles questionnaire and Neo's five-factor questionnaire. Structural model with Smartpls software was used to analyze the results. The results showed that 45.7% of the changes related to scenario benefit management by decision-making styles interacted with extraversion personality trait, 51.4% interacted with flexibility trait, 42.2% interacted with adaptability trait, 6.6 46% is explained by the interaction with the characteristic of conscientiousness and 46.8% by the interaction with the personality characteristic of neuroticism. And due to the importance of personality traits in the decision-making process of managers, the implementation of personality tests during the selection of managers can be one of the most essential parts of recruitment and selection of human resources. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Investigate earnings management at the sensitive earnings amounts’ threshold of companies with high financial leverage
SARA shafiee hamidreza kordlouie shadi shahverdiani maziyar ghasemi

10.30495/jma.2022.20206

The purpose of this study is to investigate real earings management on the threshold of sensitive amounts of earnings in companies suspected of earnings management and in terms of high financial leverage, which was conducted among 148 listed companies and their financia More

The purpose of this study is to investigate real earings management on the threshold of sensitive amounts of earnings in companies suspected of earnings management and in terms of high financial leverage, which was conducted among 148 listed companies and their financial information between 1392 and 1399. In this study, abnormal production costs and abnormal discretionary expenses for companies suspected of earings managing whose financial leverage was above average were examined in the three thresholds of zero- earnings, previous earnings and forecasted earnings. The results show that in all three profit thresholds, when the financial leverage is more than average, then this leverage has a negative and significant effect on abnormal production costs and abnormal discretionary expenses. Only in abnormal production costs of the previous earning threshold that no significant impact has been identified. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - The Effects of Stagflation on Real and Accrual-based Earnings Management
F. Mohammadrezaei Khosro Manteghi Esmail Abbasi

In recent years, economic sanctions resulted in intense stagflation in Iran. Such heavy sanctions lead to a significant decline in profitability of Iranian firms. Decline in the firms’ profitability is likely to motivate managers to engage in earnings management. More

In recent years, economic sanctions resulted in intense stagflation in Iran. Such heavy sanctions lead to a significant decline in profitability of Iranian firms. Decline in the firms’ profitability is likely to motivate managers to engage in earnings management. However, there is scant evidence regarding the effects of such macro-economic issue on financial reporting quality by firms. Hence, the present study investigates the effects of stagflation on earnings management.  To test research hypotheses, 780 firm-year observations were collected from annual reports of firms listed on Tehran Stock Exchange between 2009 and 2013. The results of multivariate analysis reveal that stagflation has a positive relationship with both real and accrual-based earnings management. That is, Iranian firms manipulated earnings in stagflation period (2012 and 2013). Additional tests indicate that up-ward accrual-based earnings management occurred in stagflation period. The findings of this study support signaling theory interpretation in relation to earnings management in stagflation period. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - The Effect of Earnings Management on the Relationship Between Earnings Forecast Error and Accounting Conservatism
Yaser Ahmadi Bahman Banimahd Ghodratollah Talebniya Zahra Pourzamani

Earning as the most important product of the accounting information system should be of an acceptable quality. Because earning is the basis of the economic decision-making of investors. Investors tend to have information about the future, including the prediction of ear More

Earning as the most important product of the accounting information system should be of an acceptable quality. Because earning is the basis of the economic decision-making of investors. Investors tend to have information about the future, including the prediction of earnings per share and its precautionary prediction. However, managers' opportunistic behavior by manipulating earnings reduces the reliance on information and reduces the quality of earning. In contrast to accounting conservatism, the manager's biased behavior in identifying earnings is delayed. Hence, the conservatism makes the manager and other groups, such as shareholders, receive less sums of return. This will increase the value of the company. The increased value of the company increases among all the parties in the company's division of the division and welfare of each group. Hence, this research examines the effect of earnings management on the relationship between earnings forecast error and accounting conservatism in a period of 9 years from the over a of 2009 to 2017 in 115 companies from listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. The results of the research show that there is a significant (positive) relation between the predictive error of earning and the accounting conservatism (as one of the criteria of the quality of earnings) in the real earnings management. But the results of this research do not confirm the significant relationship between the predictive error of earnings and accounting conservatism in accruing earnings management. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - The Impact of Real Earning Management on Investors' Asymmetric Perceptions in the Capital Market: Examination of the moderating role of Excess Stock Price Volatility
Leila Zamanianfar Bahman Banimahd zahra dianati dalami

Investors' perceptions in the capital market will not only influence individual decision-making and the allocation of monetary resources to the investment on corporate stocks, but also affect the total capital market. Investors' asymmetric perceptions are not usually in More

Investors' perceptions in the capital market will not only influence individual decision-making and the allocation of monetary resources to the investment on corporate stocks, but also affect the total capital market. Investors' asymmetric perceptions are not usually influenced by one measure because of the extent of the expansion, but in a general segmentation it can be attributed to macroeconomic dimensions and industry-level criteria. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of real earning management on the investors' asymmetric perceptions in the capital market with regard to the moderating role of Excess Stock Price Volatility. In this study, 102 companies in Tehran stock exchange that were selected through systematic elimination sampling were evaluated in the period of 2015 -2019. Logistic regression was used because of the biased measurement of the dependent variable of this study, namely investors' asymmetric perceptions.The results showed that real earnings management has a significant positive effect on investors' asymmetric perceptions. It was also found that Excess Stock Price Volatility intensifies the positive impact of real earnings management on investors' asymmetric perceptions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Presenting the developed model of Benish by using tunneling phenomena based on artificial neural network technique and particle swarm optimization algorithm to identifying profit manipulating companies
Farhad Azadi Mehrdad GhanbarI Babak Jamshidi navid Javad Masodi

Today, profit rates and the possibility of managing and manipulating the profits are clear to all, and researchers have always sought solutions to remove the uncertainties facing investors and stakeholders when making their financial decisions. To clarify users' decisio More

Today, profit rates and the possibility of managing and manipulating the profits are clear to all, and researchers have always sought solutions to remove the uncertainties facing investors and stakeholders when making their financial decisions. To clarify users' decision path of financial data users, Beneish (1999) has developed a profit-management predicting model that has yielded different results in different societies. Thus, this article aims to optimize and localize Beneish’s model by adding the Tunneling variable to Beneish’s variable and using a modern neural network and particle swarm algorithms. The statistical research population consisted of 196 companies listed at the Tehran Stocks Exchange from 2014 to 2019. The research method was a descriptive-library method in which the variables are interrelated through the causal-correlational method. From an objective point of view, it is an Ex-Post Facto research design. To analyze the data, the regression method and artificial neural and the PSO algorithms were used. The model analysis results suggested that all financial ratios had significant effects on Beneish’s profit management, as the Tunneling phenomenon and the financial leverage had the highest and lowest effects on predicting Beneish’s profit management, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Provide a Earnings Management forecasting model using ant colony and particle swarm algorithm algorithms
Vahid Yousefi HAMIDREZA KORDLOUIE faegh ahmadi mohammadhamed Khanmohammadi Dashti Nader

This study aims to use two ant colony algorithm and particle swarm algorithm to predict earning management and determine which algorithm has more explanatory power.To achieve the research goal, 163 companies have been selected by systematic elimination method in the per More

This study aims to use two ant colony algorithm and particle swarm algorithm to predict earning management and determine which algorithm has more explanatory power.To achieve the research goal, 163 companies have been selected by systematic elimination method in the period 2013-2019. The data are panel and thirteen variables have been considered to examine the models. Finally, eight variables have been identified as effective and tests have been performed using Python software. The results show that earnings management can be predicted with more than 97% accuracy by both algorithms, but the ability to predict the particle swarm model in accrual earnings management is higher, however ant colony algorithm has more power in predicting real earnings management. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - The comparative study of earning management and liquidity of stocks between the listed firms of Tehran stock exchange and OTC of Iran
Mahdi Moradi Saeed Shayan Nazar Zakiyeh Marandi

Stock liquidity, including the factors affecting the financial decisions of investors in capital markets. On the other hand, earnings management influence over the content of the information released by the Company, indirectly affect the investment decisions.The purpose More

Stock liquidity, including the factors affecting the financial decisions of investors in capital markets. On the other hand, earnings management influence over the content of the information released by the Company, indirectly affect the investment decisions.The purpose of this study was to compare the earnings management and stock liquidity between the firms Stock Exchange and OTC Iran. The study is descriptive -correlational studies .This study have been carried based on data published by firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange and OTC Iran, in the period of years 2011 to 2015 with a sample of 152 Stock Exchange and 35 OTC firm.The method used to test hypotheses panel data regression. The hypotheses analysis was performed using R statistical software. The results of hypotheses testing shows that real earnings management in companies in the OTC stock is greater than the Stock Exchange companies. The results also show accrual earning management in OTC is more than firms Stock Exchange. As for the liquidity of shares in the Stock Exchange and OTC companies in Iran there was no significant difference. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Earnings Quality, Leverage Deficit (Surplus), and Financing Policy in companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange
Naghi Fazeli Abuozar Jafari Tajangooke

The paper examines the relationship between earnings quality and leverage deficit, as well as the impact of earnings quality on equity financing choice for under- and over-leveraged firms. Considering external financing and its components, equity and debt, and both accr More

The paper examines the relationship between earnings quality and leverage deficit, as well as the impact of earnings quality on equity financing choice for under- and over-leveraged firms. Considering external financing and its components, equity and debt, and both accrual-based and real earnings management, we further examine the effect of earnings quality and leverage deficit on financing choice and activities. In this regard, a sample of 125 companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 1390 to 1395 (750 views) was selected and tested by using the linear regression and logistic regression model. The results show that there is no correlation between financial leverage deficit and poor earnings quality. Also, for under- and over- financial leveraged firms, there is also no relationship between the quality of profit and financing through the issuance of stocks. Other findings of the study showed that companies with a over-financial leverage compared with companies with a financial leverage deficit, before financing by issuing stocks, manage their earnings through accruals and real items to make them more convenient to sell their stocks. On the other hand, in over-financial leveraged firms, there was no correlation between debt financing and earnings management through accruals and real items. compared to under-financial leveraged firms. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - مدیریت سود واقعی، توانایی مدیران و عملکرد آتی شرکت: شواهدی از شرکت های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران
لیلا سادات حسینی مهدی بشکوه

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19 - مدیریت سود واقعی، توانایی مدیران و عملکرد آتی شرکت: شواهدی از شرکت های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران
لیلا سادات حسینی مهدی بشکوه

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20 - رقابت مدیریت سودواقعی،توانایی مدیران وعملکردآتی شرکت:شواهدی ازشرکتهای پذیرفته شده دربورساوراق بهادارتهران
سیده لیلا حسینی مهدی بشکوه

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21 - بررسی اثر ارزشیابیهای نادرست سهام بر مدیریت سود
حسین جباری زهرا لشکری محمد محمدی

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22 - مدیریت سود ریسک سهام و نوسانات درآمد در بانگهای پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران
پیمان نوری بروجردی داود سوری محمدعلی اشرف گنجوئی

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23 - Investigation the Effect of Board Characteristics and External Auditing Quality on Accruals Based Earnings Management
Maryam Sangin Ghasr Alireza Heidarzadeh Hanzaei

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the Board of Directors and the quality of the independent auditor on accrual-based profit management in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) companies. In this research, earnings management based on accruals items as dep More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the Board of Directors and the quality of the independent auditor on accrual-based profit management in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) companies. In this research, earnings management based on accruals items as dependent variables and ownership concentration, management ownership, board size, board independence, CEO duality, and audit quality as independent variables and firm size, capital expenditures, financial leverage, and book value the market value has been studied as control variables. In this study, the sample size was 194 companies. The data of this study were used by the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange from the beginning of 1391 to the end of 1396 at the level of the total and at the industry level Is located. In order to test the hypotheses of this research, regression analysis was used at the level of 5% error. According to the results of this study, the final conclusion of this study shows that, based on the combined regression method, the significant effect of audit quality as well as the quality of the board on the management of earnings based on accrual. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - The Effects of Firm Growth and performance on Tests of Earnings Management in Quarterly Settings
Mohammad mesgar Zahra Lashgari Negar Khosravipour

AbstractThe most Commonly used models in the literature review of accounting and finance researches is Jones –type discretionary accrual models which applied in earnings management tests. This study investigates the effects of the growth and performance variables More

AbstractThe most Commonly used models in the literature review of accounting and finance researches is Jones –type discretionary accrual models which applied in earnings management tests. This study investigates the effects of the growth and performance variables of the firm on the quarterly earnings management test in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2009 to 2019. A screening method was used for sampling and a total of 74 companies (3256 quarter - firm) have been selected. In this study, hypotheses have been tested using multiple linear regression models and the results showed that the company's growth and performance indicators have an effect on modified Jones quarterly earnings management test. These results also showed that the dummy indicators of the company's growth and performance decile have a non-linear relationship with the quarterly earnings management. The results show that the adjusted R- square of earnings management (modified Jones model) has the lowest value in the model of total accruals (regardless of the quarter) and the highest numerical value in the model with virtual deciles of growth and company performance. The results also show that by replacing and simultaneously entering the growth and performance variables of the company, the numerical value of the adjusted R- square increases and finally reaches the maximum value in the model with dummy decile variables. And the dummy variables of the growth and performance of the company increase the power of the earnings management test (modified Jones model). Manuscript profile

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25 - Bankruptcy Prediction Modeling Using the Variables of Earnings Management
moslem ghatebi vali khodadadi alireza jorjorzadeh aHMAD KAAB OMEIR

10.30495/eco.2020.1893925.2322

The purpose of this research is to modeling and predicts bankruptcy using real and accrual earnings management variables. Based on this, using logistic regression, the accuracy of bankruptcy models before and after adding Earning management variables were estimated and More

The purpose of this research is to modeling and predicts bankruptcy using real and accrual earnings management variables. Based on this, using logistic regression, the accuracy of bankruptcy models before and after adding Earning management variables were estimated and compared. So, a sample consisting of 1287 years - company during the period 2006 to 2018 has been selected from the companies of Tehran Stock Exchange. The results showed that the predictability power of Altman, Springgate and Zimsky bankruptcy models has increased significantly after adding accrual earnings management variables compared to the initial models. The results also show that the parameters of real earning management weaken the predictability of Altman, Springgate and Zimsky models. Based on the results, accountants, managers, and economic planners are advised to pay special attention to the phenomenon of corporate Earning management in order to make their decisions better. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Expansion of Financial Distress Modeling Using Corporate Earnings Management in the Iran's Economic Environment
Abbas Ramezanzadeh Zeidi Khosro Faghani Makrani Ali jafari

The purpose of this study is to provide a model for financial distress predicting with real earnings management.So the redesignthe financial distress prediction model of Altman (1983) with the real earnings management variable as a predictor variable, the performance of More

The purpose of this study is to provide a model for financial distress predicting with real earnings management.So the redesignthe financial distress prediction model of Altman (1983) with the real earnings management variable as a predictor variable, the performance of the unadjusted model and the adjusted model in predicting of financial distress among companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange was compared.The statistical sample consists of 179 Companies during the years 2008- 2017.Data analysis and hypothesis testing were performed using multiple logistic regression.The results show that the overall accuracy of the adjusted model is higher than the unadjusted model. Manuscript profile

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27 - The Impact of Transactions with Affiliated Individuals on the Manipulation of Actual Activities, with Emphasis on the Role of Regulatory Corporate Governance
Ali mohammadi Ali Nikouei Sardar Esmaeilzadeh

The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of transactions with affiliated individuals on the manipulation of real activities, as well as to examine the moderating role of corporate governance mechanisms on the relationship between transactions with affil More

The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of transactions with affiliated individuals on the manipulation of real activities, as well as to examine the moderating role of corporate governance mechanisms on the relationship between transactions with affiliated individuals and real earnings management. In line with the research objectives, a sample of 130 companies from among the listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2007 to 2016 was selected and analyzed through regression models using panel data. In general, the findings show that transactions with affiliated individuals have a positive and significant impact on the management of real earnings, in other words, with the increase of transactions with affiliated individuals, real earnings management also increases. The results also show that the independence of the board of directors, institutional ownership and management ownership weaken the positive relationship between transactions with affiliated individuals and real earnings management. Regarding the effect of the size of board of directors and the CEO’s duality on the relationship between transactions with affiliated Individuals and real earnings management, there were no statistically significant results.   Manuscript profile

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28 - تاثیر مدیریت سود فزاینده و مدیریت سود کاهنده بر کیفیت گزارشگری مالی
یداله تاری وردی عباس نعیمی مریم رستمی

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29 - تأثیر ساختار سررسید بدهی بر مدیریت سود مبتنی بر اقلام تعهدی
محمد نمازی زهره حاجیها حسن چناری بوکت

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30 - مدیریت سود واقعی، سطوح و ارزشیابی نگهداشت وجه نقد در شرکت‌ها
فرشید خیر الهی اسحاق بهشور فرزاد ایوانی

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31 - تأثیر دانش مالی مدیرعامل بر روی مدیریت سود
محمد ملازاده محمود لاری دشت بیاض محمد جواد ساعی

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32 - The Effect of Enterprise Risk Management on the Relationship between External Financing and Earnings Management
محمد حسین پوراحمدی غلامرضا فرساد امان الهی

Enterprise Risk Management can identify, measure, control and play a supervisory role, or influence the quality of the company's control mechanism in strategic managerial decisions when implementing external financing policies. In this paper, the effect of enterprise ri More

Enterprise Risk Management can identify, measure, control and play a supervisory role, or influence the quality of the company's control mechanism in strategic managerial decisions when implementing external financing policies. In this paper, the effect of enterprise risk management on the relationship between external financing and earnings management of 118 companies has been discussed. Risk management indicators in four dimensions are competitive advantage, operational efficiency, quality and reliability of the report, and industry competitiveness. The Jones method was also used to measure earnings management. Research findings suggest that enterprise risk management affects earnings management as well as external financing on earnings management. Eventually, enterprise risk management was affected by the relationship between external financing and earnings management. In other words, enterprise risk management can improve operational performance and increase company value, and companies that are exposed to high risk of uncertainty in the environment will prevent and control the adverse effects of risk and minimize the beneficial effects and reduce the fluctuation of profits. Manuscript profile

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33 - رابطه بین تصمیمات تامین مالی با انواع مدیریت سود
سید کاظم ابراهیمی علی بهرامی نسب منصور احمدی مقدم

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34 - تشخیص مدیریت سود با استفاده از تغییرات گردش دارایی ها و حاشیه سود
باقر شمس زاده محمد افخمی

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35 - ارائه الگوی مفهومی مدیریت سود مبتنی بر روش نظریه داده بنیاد چند وجهی
مریم فرودی رضوان حجازی

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36 - The impact on the accuracy of earnings management to predict future operating cash flows
یداله Tari verdi مهدی Moradzadeh fard مریم ROSTAMI

The Effect of Earnings Management on the Accuracy of Predicting Future Operating Cash Flows Yadollah Tariverdi Mehdi Moradzadeh Fard Maryam Rostami (Received: 02/Jun/2014; Accepted: 05/Mar/2014) Abstract In this study the effect of earnings management on the accuracy of More

The Effect of Earnings Management on the Accuracy of Predicting Future Operating Cash Flows Yadollah Tariverdi Mehdi Moradzadeh Fard Maryam Rostami (Received: 02/Jun/2014; Accepted: 05/Mar/2014) Abstract In this study the effect of earnings management on the accuracy of predicting future operating cash flows has examined. For measuring accruals, we have used cash flows approach. Kasznik model has been usedfor estimating earnings management. Also, adjusted Barth modelhas been employed for measuring the accuracy of predicting future operating cash flows by components of operating earnings. The hypothesis of current research is tested by panel data, using information of 70 companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange. Our findings show that earnings management by accruals decreases the accuracy of predicting future operating cash flows, that is managers distort financial reporting and they do earnings management opportunistically to benefit themselves. Key Words: Earnings Management, Opportunistic Earnings Management, Kasznik Model, The Accuracy of Predicting Future Operating Cash Flows, Adjusted Barth Model. Manuscript profile

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37 - The Role of Perceived Pressure on Accountants' Ethical Beliefs in Financial Reporting
Zeynab Yazdi Bahman Banimahd Hashem Nikoomaram

10.30495/faar.2024.709448

Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of perceived ethical pressure on ethical beliefs in financial reporting (fraudulent financial reporting for significant and insignificant amounts, opportunistic and efficient earnings management). This res More

Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of perceived ethical pressure on ethical beliefs in financial reporting (fraudulent financial reporting for significant and insignificant amounts, opportunistic and efficient earnings management). This research is an applied research. The statistical population of this research is people working in the accounting profession, including financial managers, accounting supervisors, and accounting experts of private companies and companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. The data of the research was collected through a questionnaire in a random way and using the structural equation model with the approach of Partial Least Squares (PLS) was analyzed. To determine the sample size, ten times the highest index of the measurement model was used, and 201 people were selected as the sample size. Findings show that perceived ethical pressure has a negative and significant effect on ethical beliefs. Ethical beliefs also have a negative and significant effect on opportunistic and efficient earnings management, fraudulent financial reporting for significant and insignificant amount. Therefore, the pressure perceived by accountants creates stress in them and prepares the ground to neglect ethical approaches and affects their performance. It also alters one's beliefs and causes questionable behaviors in financial reporting. Numerous studies have shown that companies manipulate financial statements to achieve their goals through Income management and fraud. But what is unknown; is behavioral factors that psychologically influence the person to manipulate the financial statements. Therefore, there is a need to better understand the moral nature of a person and the factors related to it that encourage people to abandon moral beliefs and participate in unethical behaviors. This study addresses this research gap in the literature by revealing this unknown aspect of behavior on which there are incomplete studies. Manuscript profile

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38 - پایداری مالکیت نهادی راهکاری مناسب جهت کنترل مدیریت سود واقعی
محسن حمیدیان حسین جنت مکان هاجر فلاح

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39 - Implementation of Direct Subsidy System and Profitability Indicators in Political Economy Theory
علی مسیبی بهروز فرزانه حاجی حسنی

The present paper investigates the effect of establishing a direct subsidy system on profitability indicators (sales return rate, shareholder return rate, asset return rate) within the framework of political economy theory. The statistical population of the present stud More

The present paper investigates the effect of establishing a direct subsidy system on profitability indicators (sales return rate, shareholder return rate, asset return rate) within the framework of political economy theory. The statistical population of the present study is Tehran Stock Exchange, which 168 companies were selected as the sample of the study from 2006 to 2020 period. In order to perform statistical analysis in the present study multiple linear regression method with panel-effects method was used. Findings from the analysis of research data show that profitability indicators decreased in the period after the establishment of the direct subsidy system. Also other findings show that the accruals based earnings management has increased in the period after the establishment of direct subsidy system. Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that subsidizing targeting plan has reduced the profitability of companies and increased accrual-based earnings management through cost pressures on producers.   Manuscript profile

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40 - Company Growth and Performance and Seasonal Profit Management Tests
زهرا لشگری محمد مسگر

10.30495/faar.2022.691694

Abstract Jones model is used in a wide range of theoretical foundations in accounting and finance to test earnings management based on optional accruals. These theoretical foundations include studies examining evidence on earnings management for company-specific events More

Abstract Jones model is used in a wide range of theoretical foundations in accounting and finance to test earnings management based on optional accruals. These theoretical foundations include studies examining evidence on earnings management for company-specific events (e.g., managers' bonus contracts and debt contracts). The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the growth and performance variables of the company on the quarterly earnings management test in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2009 to 1398. A screening method was used for sampling and a total of 74 companies (3256 chapters - companies) were selected. In this study, company growth and performance indicators are considered as independent variables to examine their impact on profit management. In this study, hypotheses were tested by multiple linear regression model at 95% level using EViews 8 software. The results showed that the growth and performance indicators of the company have an effect on the seasonal profit management test. These results also showed that the virtual indicators of the company's growth and performance decile have a non-linear relationship with the seasonal profit management test. The results show that the Jones-type optional accrual models that are commonly used in seasonal earthquakes are not sufficiently controlled for accruals that occur naturally due to the growth of the company, as well as the lack of control over the effects of growth and The company's performance on accruals leads to incorrect acceptance in earnings management tests. As a result, this research can show great power in quarterly reports where maples are looking for earnings management, and also these findings have important implications for the use of optional accrual models in earnings management research. Manuscript profile

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41 - To Identify Important Factors That Affect the Management of Real Interest and Commitment in the Enterprise Market with Models, Bayesian Approach
mehrnoosh ebrahimi farhad hanifi zoherh hajiha Shadi Shahverdiani Hamid Reza Kordloui

Empirical facts derived from research done on the effects of earnings management of listed companies shows that the economy of earnings management has always impose huge costs on economic, social and political experts provide organizations of all sizes. The role of cris More

Empirical facts derived from research done on the effects of earnings management of listed companies shows that the economy of earnings management has always impose huge costs on economic, social and political experts provide organizations of all sizes. The role of crisis management on financial profit represents earnings management considers failure prediction models. The present study considers this failure in identifying explanatory variables and experimental model design, factors that this research is trying to improve.In this study, 13 variables affecting real earnings management and 56 variables affecting accrued earnings management were included in the model. According to the output of the results, it can be said that profit management in Iranian stock companies is a multidimensional problem; Because the variables related to profitability, liquidity and debt index affect this type of management.The multidimensionality of the factors influencing this process will require coordination between financial and capital market policymakers to reduce the effects of adjusting and reducing earnings management in the stock market. Manuscript profile

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42 - The Relationship between Managers' Efficiency in Creating Operational Cash Flows on Real Earnings Management
Mohaddese Abedini Bahman Banimahd Mehdi Moradzadehfard Azam Shokri Cheshmehsabzi

10.30495/jdaa.2023.705525

AbstractBusiness enterprise management should always look for opportunities to increase the value of the company. Without generating sufficient cash, new products cannot be produced and sold, therefore, the value of fim will not improve without generating sufficient ope More

AbstractBusiness enterprise management should always look for opportunities to increase the value of the company. Without generating sufficient cash, new products cannot be produced and sold, therefore, the value of fim will not improve without generating sufficient operating cash. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to measure the efficiency of managers in creating operating cash flow based on data envelopment analysis, in line with the goals of financial reporting, and then examine the relationship between the efficiency score and real earnings management. The statistical population of the research is the companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange. Theoretical foundations and research data have been collected according to library studies. Multivariable linear regression was used for statistical analysis. The results of this research show that the efficiency of managers in creating operating cash flows during the research period is a downward trend. Also, the efficiency of managers in creating operating cash flows has a negative and significant relationship with real earnings management. Manuscript profile

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