مدل هلدرن

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1 - Analysis of sprawl on Chabahar urban border with Heldern and Entropy Shanon models
roghayieh golvarey karamatollah Zayyari alireza estelaji

Today more than half of the population live in urban cities . One of the most important characteristics of urbanization is rapid physical expansion of the city in horizontal distribution and irregular expansion of the city outside of physical limits are one of them . Du More

Today more than half of the population live in urban cities . One of the most important characteristics of urbanization is rapid physical expansion of the city in horizontal distribution and irregular expansion of the city outside of physical limits are one of them . Due to growth of population especially after the establishing of free trade Zone ,Chabahar city has faced rapidly growth in physical dimension .so the importance of examining the physical expansion o tge city it has been studied between from 1984 and 2019. The present research is descriptive and analytical.The research method in the present study is in terms of the type of developmental applied research and by using Heldern and Entropy Shanon models it has analysed how the physical space expansion of this city .The results of using and analyzing theses models show that these periods have been the physical and non dense physical expansion paving the way for the city unplanned sprawl growth. Manuscript profile

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2 - تحلیلی بر الگوی گسترش کالبدی-فضایی روستا-شهرها با مدل آنتروپی شانون و مدل هلدرن (مطالعه موردی: روستا شهر جورقان)
محمد رحمانی

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3 - بررسی روند گسترش کالبدی- فضایی شهر کرمان با استفاده از مدل‌های آنتروپی شانون و هلدرن
محسن ایلاقی حسینی رامین نوحی امیرمهیم مهیمی

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4 - روند توسعه فیزیکی شهر فیروزکوه و تأثیر آن بر محیط زیست منطقه
محمدرضا زند مقدم

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5 - Evaluating the trend of urban sprawl growth with an emphasis on smart growth and indicators of density
حسین نظم فر احمد اسمعیلی علی عشقی چهاربرج

Management and planning for the city sprawl and reducing the adverse effects of urban physical development is essential knowledge. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the urban sprawl growth is conducted in four regions of Urmia. Type of research is applied and More

Management and planning for the city sprawl and reducing the adverse effects of urban physical development is essential knowledge. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the urban sprawl growth is conducted in four regions of Urmia. Type of research is applied and descriptive-analytical method. Data and information required were collected by the results of the General Census of Population and Housing 1390, comprehensive plans and detailed and relevant organizations. Data analysis and pattern recognition models for urban growth Holdren and Shannon entropy is used in the form of Excel software. The findings show that 77 percent of the city's physical growth, between 1385- 1365, due to its population growth and 23 percent of urban growth and spread is related in vain growth (spiral). As a result, has increased the growth of scattered, reducing the gross population density and per capita gross urban land. Urmia growth pattern is a scattered manner and this has caused to instability and environmental, social, economic and urban form. With regard to the consequences of sprawl growth and to achieve sustainable development and sustainable urban form appears Focus decentralized procedure (conversion of the multicenter-based single-center experiences can densification and intensification of sub-centers) With emphasis on the principles and strategies of smart urban growth The best model for physical-spatial expansion of the city of Urmia in the future. Manuscript profile

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6 - Analysing Inharmonious pattern of urban development in 4 region of Tehran City
Hossein Hataminazhad Ebrahim Farhadi Ramin Ghorbani

In all cities and developing city in the vertical and horizontal directions of factors are considered by managers and urban planners. This topic in the scientific literature dating back more than a hundred years.the cities took place. In this paper, to analyze the patte More

In all cities and developing city in the vertical and horizontal directions of factors are considered by managers and urban planners. This topic in the scientific literature dating back more than a hundred years.the cities took place. In this paper, to analyze the pattern of uneven development of analytical and descriptive statistics and studies the pattern of urban development in the area four discussed for the library and for an analysis of the methods quantitative and statistical data have been used. Shannon entropy models to analyze and determine the ugly phenomenon of the growth area that is close to the maximum value of entropy represents urban sprawl in district 4 of Tehran. To measure regional inequality in the region of variability index was used as the CV exception of green space, in other land uses high values indicate that inequality and unevenness in the distribution and allocation of land in the region has clearly it shows. Method "Holdren" showed that 4/55 percent growth district 4 of Tehran, the spiral of bad dysplasiaAre.sprawl in the area. Manuscript profile

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7 - An Analysis of Land Use Changing and Opportunities, Obstacles to Growth and Urban Development (Case Study: Zabol City)
Mohsen Ahadnejad ashraf azimzadeh irani saeid najafy

The main purpose of this research is to analyze the process of land use change and evaluate the opportunities and obstacles to the progress and growth of Zabol city. For this purpose, ETM, TIRS and OLI Landsat 5,7 and 8 satellite images were selected for the period of 1 More

The main purpose of this research is to analyze the process of land use change and evaluate the opportunities and obstacles to the progress and growth of Zabol city. For this purpose, ETM, TIRS and OLI Landsat 5,7 and 8 satellite images were selected for the period of 1395-1365.Then the indicators were extracted in two groups of internal and external factors according to Delphi experts.The results showed that in Zabol City most land use changes were made in the agricultural land area due to population increase and the need for housing and other urban needs. So, during the29 years of study, the lands constructed from 2578.10hectares in1365 reached 3419.92 hectares in1394.Also,the results of the Heldron model in Zabol City showed that around85% of the city's physical growth in the years 1365- 1394 was related to population growth and15% growth,related to the horizontal and sparse growth of the city, which reduced the density Gross population and an increase in per capita gross urban land. Zabol city was weak in terms of internal and external factors, but its severity was higher in external factors,but due to serious threats,Zabol city was in weak condition and its strategy was defensive. Thus, it can be said that the development of Zabol in the year1394-1365 is unbalanced, which indicates the landless changes in agricultural lands that need to guide,grow and develop the city with desirable programs.In other words,in addition to meeting the requirements of housing and other services needed by cities,they would prevent unnecessary construction. Manuscript profile

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8 - تحلیلی بر الگوی گسترش کالبدی فضایی شهر یاسوج
محسن سقایی سیدصادق نوروزپورمهریان پریسا عباسی

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9 - ارزیابی توسعه کالبدی-فضایی شهر میاندواب
محسن احدنژاد روشتی سمیه محمدی حمیدی سمیه علیپور محمد ویسیان

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10 - Assessing the sprawl / compact of the city of Zahedan during the period 1375 – 1390
Hossein Ebrahimzadeh Aasmin Hamid Reza Rakhshani Nasab Tayebeh Sargolzaee Javan

In recent decades, Iran's cities, such as other cities of the third world countries have encountered significant transformations and in a short-term period, they have reached the manifold of their primary widths. Zahedan, during its 100 year life, has developed in an un More

In recent decades, Iran's cities, such as other cities of the third world countries have encountered significant transformations and in a short-term period, they have reached the manifold of their primary widths. Zahedan, during its 100 year life, has developed in an unbalanced way and has faced a quick development. The 32.5 time development of its population and 34 time development of its width indicate this issue compared to the first census in such a way that the development of this city has been in the horizontal direction and the continuous development of urban constructions have caused the ugly development of the city. Accordingly, in the present study, the correlation between the population and the amount of development and urban sprawl is investigated in Zahedan city using Shannon's and Holden's Entropy Models and Floor Area Ratio (FAR). The findings of the research indicate that according to Holden's model, Zahedan has been suffering the ugly urban development (sprawl) during the period of conducting the study. The entropy coefficient scores indicate the sprawl of Zahedan. Regarding the development of the value gap due to horizontal development and urban sprawl, theSmart and Compact City model is considered as a desired one for future expansion of Zahedan. Manuscript profile

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11 - A Comparative Study of Land Use Change Using Object Method (A Case Study of Tabriz and Karaj)
Abolfazl Ghanbari Mousa Vaezi Rahimeh Rostami Maedeh Bakooyi

The development and expansion of cities are one of the main factors in the land use change that have been neglected due to environmental, and socio-economic, environmental problems. The present research is aimed at a comparative study of urban development and land use c More

The development and expansion of cities are one of the main factors in the land use change that have been neglected due to environmental, and socio-economic, environmental problems. The present research is aimed at a comparative study of urban development and land use change in two metropolises of Tabriz and Karaj during the period 2000 to 2017. The research is applied and descriptive-analytic. The object-oriented method and Heldern model were used to analyze data. Comparison of urban growth indicates the rapid growth of Karaj compared to Tabriz. Tabriz has grown 4.2% during this period, but Karaj has grown by 7% and this development has been 1.5%, 2%, and 0.5% respectively in Tabriz and 4%, 2%, and 1% in Karaj and the most degraded rangelands (10%) in Tabriz have had the most combined use of garden and agriculture with 4.5% of destruction. Holdern model shows that Karaj's growth has followed the growth of the population, and the high growth of the population has undermined the city's growth. Tabriz has an average of 0.55% growth due to population growth and 0.45% growth due to urban growth. Manuscript profile

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12 - Spatial Analysis of the Affecting Factors on Urban Services Distribution Using Spatial Justice Approach(Case Study: Mako County Areas)
Ali Khadem nejhad Bakhtyar ezatpanah Ali Shamsoddini

Rapidly growing cities, especially developing countries, need more and more attention to the establishment and realization of spatial justice in the city.Because the spatial contradiction of urban services can put the whole urban system in a downward spiral of prosperit More

Rapidly growing cities, especially developing countries, need more and more attention to the establishment and realization of spatial justice in the city.Because the spatial contradiction of urban services can put the whole urban system in a downward spiral of prosperity and development.The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of urban services in the city of Mako by descriptive-analytical method and to examine 23 indicators of urban public services in 5 districts of the city.To do this, the Holden model was first used to determine how the city is developing physically, the Copras model was used to examine how the public services were distributed, and the ANP was used to determine the value of each public service in the city. The results show that the trend of urban physical development with 60% of the Heldern model indicates the trend of urban urban growth.Also, the distribution of services at the regional level indicates the highest amount of services with a positive criterion for areas one of 0.033 percent, which has been associated with the highest density area. Manuscript profile

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13 - تحلیلی بر الگوی گسترش کالبدی-فضایی روستا-شهرها با مدل آنتروپی شانون و مدل هلدرن (مطالعه موردی: روستا شهر جورقان)
محمد رحمانی

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14 - The Analysis of Alvand Town's spatial & physical development pattern using Antropi Shanon's & Heldern's models to depict its favorite development pattern of Alvand town in future
nafiseh Marsousi rahmatollah farhoodi aliakbar esmaeili ahmad heshmati

During recent decades, urban development process has increased because of the industrial revolution. This process has facilitated urban target immigration which considered to  be in priority comparing with urban – infrastructure construction. Such imbalance s More

During recent decades, urban development process has increased because of the industrial revolution. This process has facilitated urban target immigration which considered to  be in priority comparing with urban – infrastructure construction. Such imbalance situation has made some problem for urban development. The Industrial development and other factors have affected in urban & rural structure. These factors have attracted the population to urban Centers. This circumstance can be seen in the metropolitan specifically. Alvand town enjoying such specifications during for last decades. This analysis using Shannon's & Heldren models to study the town's physical development targeting the improvement of physical pattern of Alvand town. The result indicate that Alvand town had developed unsystematically due to the lack of municipality and urban management entities up to 1361. This town has developed such way in spite of establishing municipality since 1362 to 1375. The speed of development has decreased comparing to previous decades since 1375. This situation has made Alvand "town's appearance different & ugly. These models have indicated that the rate of spiral could be 43%. However, there is a huge difference between Antropi value made by horizontal development and urban spiral during last decades. so the results show that it would be possible to suggest "Nosrat Abad" (13th Zone) as future development pattern of Alvand town. So urban construction would be in priority than urban – target immigration  Manuscript profile

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15 - Study and survey of trend and physical- space expansion of Babolsar city with using Shannon’s Entropy and Holdern models
jafar mirkatooli mostafa ghadami masoomeh mahdian sahar mohamadi

Introduction   With The wave of industrialization to the third world, production and income and consequently demand for municipal services. From the early twentieth century, has increased. This trend raised the number and size of cities in these countries and led More

Introduction   With The wave of industrialization to the third world, production and income and consequently demand for municipal services. From the early twentieth century, has increased. This trend raised the number and size of cities in these countries and led to urbanization and. So cities were encountered with specific problems. Cities Physical development and urban population growth and subsequently changes in physical and spatial development of cities to become a problem or issue in recent decades. And attention to urban issues - particularly the physical issues - in the form of a scientific framework is the importance and necessary. Babolsar city with having a natural, tourism, academic attractions and ... has grown as one of the main poles of attraction of population in the Mazandaran province, in recent years. This trend of population growth and Entry Immigration and tourism led to the construction without plan and large change in the space - physical structure of city and its development in the coastal strip and surrounding agricultural land. Research Methodology   Methodology depends on the purpose and nature of its research and administrative facilities. *     Responsible Author:                                                      urban_planner65@yahoo.com         Thus, the approach of this research is field, library and descriptive - analytical.  Data and information needed to research has been taken from field and processed. So, after select the topic, at first with examining documents and library data bank Online, physical development and population trends of Babolsar in different periods of history was determined. After collecting the required data, with relying on the information obtained, the physical development and population trends of Babolsar in different periods of history was determined. After collecting the required data with relying on the information, obtained the physical development and expansion of Babolsar city with use of Shannon`s entropy and holder models. But the main research approach has been based on descriptive- analytical methods. Results   Today, knowledge of space form of city can be one of the most important affecting factors in success rate of urban planners to meet the needs of present and future, In this paper have been helped two models:  Shannon`s entropy model to analyze the physical development of Babolsar City in 1379 and 1389 which are respectively 11 and 22 quarters (Map 3), Shannon`s entropy model:  we use this model to analyze the Ugly urban growth phenomenon. The overall structure of this model is as follows:     The results found that amount of entropy in Babolsar city was 20166 / 2 in 1379. While the maximum value is Ln (11) = 2 / 3978 is Can be mention to being close the amount of entropy to maximum amount (2 / 3978). This issue represents dispersed (sprawl) the physical expansion of the city. 11 neighborhoods of the city were separated into 22 neighborhoods in 1389. The estimated amount of entropy is calculated equal to 94214 / 2, while the maximum value isLn (11) = 3 / 0910 that it shows, the physical expansion of the city, was scattered over the past ten years. Holdern model:  Results of the Holdern model about the Babolsar city shows that within the 1385-1335 years About 60 percent of physical growth, population growth related to population growth and 40 percent of physical growth was related to horizontal growth and urban sprawl that it`s result was decrease density Gross population and increase of Per capita net urban land and eventually ugly Horizontal spread (sprawl) of Babolsar city. Conclusion   In this paper has been discussed and analyzed pattern of physical development of city in different periods and with use of related models. the amount of  Shannon`s entropy of  Babolsar City showed diffuse growth (sprawl) in 1379 and 1389 that led to destruction of part of quality agricultural land. In survey of appropriateness of the size of the city’s development with population during the decade (1385-1335) with Holdern model came to the conclusion that About 60 percent of the city expansion was consistent with population growth and 40 percent of physical expansion, was due to Ugly urban growth and inharmonious (sprawl) of city. This is the result of uncontrolled urban growth And not having a written plan for the physical development of city. Population growth and limitless expansion of the nearby city of Babolsar, Cause excessive pressure on water resources and other infrastructure, the destruction of good agricultural land around the city and has many other issues. We found out that something's helps city to prevent uncontrolled physical expansion; can be developed within the context of the city, expansion the culture of vertical wings the city, and eventually Providing facilities in the villages to prevent migration of villagers to the city's.   Manuscript profile

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