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Open Access Article
1 - Search in Sources of Supply Ghulām and Kanīz in Qājār era
غلام حسین زرگری نژاد نرگس علیپورIn Qājār era, slaves (ghulāmān and kanīzān) were from various ethnicgroups such as African, Caucasian(Armanian, Georgian andCircassian) , Turkman, Afghan, Baluch, Kurd and even Fars.slavery through wars and sudden invasions usually has been themain source of ghulām and MoreIn Qājār era, slaves (ghulāmān and kanīzān) were from various ethnicgroups such as African, Caucasian(Armanian, Georgian andCircassian) , Turkman, Afghan, Baluch, Kurd and even Fars.slavery through wars and sudden invasions usually has been themain source of ghulām and Kanīz providence spacialy among Torksand the infidels in Caucasus and beyond.With removing Iran’ssovereignty in Caucasus by the Russians, the import of this group ofslaves to Iran decreased severely. instead, import of African slavethrough south of Iran,very increased.This process in spite of slavetrade prohibition treaties and the heavy hand of the British maritimeanti-slave patrols in Persian Gulf, continued until the middle of the14th century. This paper after denotes the centers and sources ofsupply slaves, has been analyzed and descripted this process inmentioned places Manuscript profile -
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2 - Improvement and Organization of Informal Habitation with Emphasis on Economic, Social, Anatomical and Environmental Indicators Case Study: In Azadshahr (Gholam Tape Bazi District)
Zahra Sharifinia Mohammad Reza Nura Mahdi SanadgolThis article studying informal habitation and formation of informal settlements inAzadshahr City (Gholam Tape Bazi district). After studying the necessary variantscontained in the questionnaires completed by 187 heads of family residing in informalsettlements of Gholam MoreThis article studying informal habitation and formation of informal settlements inAzadshahr City (Gholam Tape Bazi district). After studying the necessary variantscontained in the questionnaires completed by 187 heads of family residing in informalsettlements of Gholam Tape district. It is argued that the cause of this problematicphenomenon is uncontrolled immigration on one side, and financial problems, absenceof unified and coordinated management in solving financial problems and also theabsence of unified and coordinated management of immigration and settlement issueson the other side. Data analysis carried out by factor analysis method and the use of"SPSS" software load the social and economic indicators as the first and secondpriorities, hygienic - environmental and anatomical – physical indicators as the thirdand the fourth priorities, servicing and managerial indicators as the fifth and sixthpriorities for Improvement and Organization of Gholam Tape Bazi district. At theend, proportionate to the research finding, appropriate strategies are proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Examining the sources of the story "Slave eats fruit with her king" and the analysis of its narrative elements in Arabic and Persian literature
Seyyed Mohammad Reza Ibnorrasool maryam kalantari somaye HassanalianThe story of "Slave eats fruit with her king" is among the educational stories that examples of its prose and verse can be found in Arabic and Persian literature .The oldest source of this narration is related to Arabic literature in the book "Al-imtāʿ wa MoreThe story of "Slave eats fruit with her king" is among the educational stories that examples of its prose and verse can be found in Arabic and Persian literature .The oldest source of this narration is related to Arabic literature in the book "Al-imtāʿ wa al-muʾānasaẗ"of Abu Hayyan Al-Tawhidi (4th century). After that, examples of Arabic and Persian prose and verse have mentioned it until the end of the ninth century. Rumi and Attar have also recreated the verse of this narrative in Persian literature in a creative way.This story which has mentioned in two different narratives leads to the same moral conclusion which is "loyalty and commitment". Therefore, examining the sources of this story not only acquaints posterity with the experiences of different ethnic groups, but also preserves and records the culture and history of the predecessors .This study not only finds the sources and compares the Arabic and Persian sources of the narrative, but also examines its narrative elements such as theme, plot, character, dialogue, perspective and scene, and identifies how Persian verse sources are similar to the old Arabic sources. The most important results of this study which is based on comparative analogy is that, the theme of the story is the same in all the Arabic and Persian sources, and Persian verse anecdotes have arranged the same theme with a different structure with the inspiration of ancient sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE NOVELS,MOURNERS OF BAYAL BY GHOALM HUSSEIN SAEDI AND ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF SOLITUDE BY GABRIEL GARCÍA MÁRQUEZ
Mohammad Ali Atash Soda Azam TavallaliThe present article is a comparative study of the novel One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel García Márquez and Mourners of Bayal by Ghoalm Hussein. One Hundred Years of Solitudeis a novel which tells the multi-generational story of the MoreThe present article is a comparative study of the novel One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel García Márquez and Mourners of Bayal by Ghoalm Hussein. One Hundred Years of Solitudeis a novel which tells the multi-generational story of the Buendía family, whose patriarch, José Arcadio Buendía, founds the town of Macondo, the metaphoric Colombia. The non-linear story is narrated via different time frames, a technique derived from the Argentinianwriter Jorge Luis Borges. The works written with this technic are arrangements of realty and dreams in a way that it is not easy to separate them. Both of these works describe social, cultural and political problems according to the codes of magical realism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Comparative Study of the Impact of Persian Religious Epics on Kurdish Hymn Book of Gholam Reza Khan Arkvazi
Akhtar Sultani Zaher Saraei Narjes Tohidi FarThe present article attempts to study the impact of Persian religious epics on Kurdish hymn book of Gholam Reza Khan Arkvazi the great Shiite Kurdish poet from Ilam from a comparative point of view. Since the Shiite Kurds make up a great part of the population of Iran a MoreThe present article attempts to study the impact of Persian religious epics on Kurdish hymn book of Gholam Reza Khan Arkvazi the great Shiite Kurdish poet from Ilam from a comparative point of view. Since the Shiite Kurds make up a great part of the population of Iran and they have played an important role in the formation of Shiite religion, study of their literary works and comparing them with Persian works is of great contention and it can help the national convergence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Comparative Study on Magical Realism in Saedi and Márquez works
Arash Moshfeqi Elham AlaviThe present paper intends to study the elements of magical realism in Gholam Hossein Sa'edi and Gabriel García Márquez's works comparatively. Saedi – one of Iran's famous contemporary literary men in the field of story writing. Gabriel García MoreThe present paper intends to study the elements of magical realism in Gholam Hossein Sa'edi and Gabriel García Márquez's works comparatively. Saedi – one of Iran's famous contemporary literary men in the field of story writing. Gabriel García Márquez is also the one whose name is linked with magical realism and is known as avant-garde in the mentioned literature. Both authors have left similar works in this genre in which both can be seen bitter, morbid as well as satirist and nihilist. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - A review and a survey of the rural novel "toop" by gholamhossein saedi from a postcolonial perspective
Masuod Mohammadi Khanqah seyed ebrahim arman seyed Babak FarzanehThe study of the contemporary Arabic and Persian novels from the view point of the modern critic theories has special importance and strengthening such critical-cultural researches can be the miraculous key to solve political misconceptions between Iranian-Arabic focal MoreThe study of the contemporary Arabic and Persian novels from the view point of the modern critic theories has special importance and strengthening such critical-cultural researches can be the miraculous key to solve political misconceptions between Iranian-Arabic focal points. Furthermore, many Arab regions have been as Iran under colonial domination. The present study shows technical methods of the two Algerian and Iranian writers in regard to the two French and Russian colonial powers. By giving a clear picture of protagonist and antagonist elements, the result of this research is that in Saedi's 'tup' protagonist as the foreground character plays antagonist role and is not the instigator of the story, even though not regarded as its prominent character. On the other hand, Saedi in developing the plot tries to make ethical charastristics of the characters salient. The common characteristics of the writers includes the consequences of colonialism picture in the rural life, and constituents such as: class conflicts caused by colonial oppression followed by combats and resistance to colonialists. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Yusef Hossein Bakkar and his Role in the Interaction between Persian and Arabic Languages
Esmail NaderiThe most important concept in comparative literature is the existence of a literary ,cultural ,and historical relationship between cultures. In the present era, many researchers have focused on the investigation of these relations. For the same reason many scholars &nbs MoreThe most important concept in comparative literature is the existence of a literary ,cultural ,and historical relationship between cultures. In the present era, many researchers have focused on the investigation of these relations. For the same reason many scholars have traveled to Iran for further and closer investigation. Among them one can refer to Yusef Hossien Bakka r. His eight year residence in Iran and his acquaintance with Gholam Hossein Lotfi helped him be more familiar with the sources of Persian Literature. He has written invaluable works which serve Persian literature. As it will be explained he has been truly successful in the interaction between these two languages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Reflection of Hafez in the Divan of Gholam
Mohammad Kazem KahdoueiThe Talpourians ruled in Send during 1700-1782 A.D. The language spoken at their court was Persian. Gholam-Mohammad Khan Laghari, whose family was very interested in Persian poetry, culture, and language, was a poet of Talpourian dynasty. He was the son of Ali-Mohammad MoreThe Talpourians ruled in Send during 1700-1782 A.D. The language spoken at their court was Persian. Gholam-Mohammad Khan Laghari, whose family was very interested in Persian poetry, culture, and language, was a poet of Talpourian dynasty. He was the son of Ali-Mohammad Khan (1162-1250 Hegira) and through him, he learned Persian and Arabic. Gholam-Mohammad Khan was considered as a famous adviser and commander. He passed away in 1279 Hegira. Gholam was proficient in composing Persian poems. Mostly he followed the style of Hafez Shirazi’s sonnets. This paper tries to explain the sonnets composed by Gholam-Mohammad, following Hafez’s footsteps. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Mystical Thoughts Gohlawi in The Description Mohabbat Nameh Jami
Fatemeh Pahlavanshamsi Shahrzad Niazi Maryam BolouriThe description of the jumbo's contribution to the work of Muhammad bin Ghulam ibn Muhammad gohlawi is from the writers of the Indian subcontinent, was the beginning of the thirteenth century AH. Although it is a Persian work, it is important because of the knowle MoreThe description of the jumbo's contribution to the work of Muhammad bin Ghulam ibn Muhammad gohlawi is from the writers of the Indian subcontinent, was the beginning of the thirteenth century AH. Although it is a Persian work, it is important because of the knowledge and information of the mystical. In the description of the jama's book, the essence and spirit of the teachings of Sufism are reflected. What is inferred from this edition is not merely encouraging people to be isolated and away from society and civilization, but rather, in the organization of human life and in the context of human civilization in human society. He opens a broader horizon in the name of service and compassion for the creation of men. Thoughts of Gohlawi have come from a cup. In the Preface to the Companionship, he states that the heart is the source of love, and the reason that is lacking in love is a dead body and the world and everything in it is created from the influence of love. The purpose of this study was to explain the position and emphasis on the importance of recognizing the publication of the Jami Prize in Persian literature, first briefly introducing this work and its subject, then seeking the mystical and social ideas of Muhammad ibn Ghulam Gohlavi and retrieving these ideas in various fields and areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Magical Realism in Gholam Reza Rezaei's stories
hossein khosravi azita gholigaleh amir hossein hematiImagination shows the half hidden reality that it is the truth and it is the material that is the creator of the marvelous world of literature, which allows it to better understand it through creative imagery by recreating the facts. The primitive regions of the South i MoreImagination shows the half hidden reality that it is the truth and it is the material that is the creator of the marvelous world of literature, which allows it to better understand it through creative imagery by recreating the facts. The primitive regions of the South in the climate stories show the effects of fear, loneliness and hideousness. Exotic beliefs, the economic and cultural poverty of people in remote and natural areas that are violent and scary, have made magical realism in the works of some writers. In this way, realism patterns collide with magic, illusion, and elements. In this mix, there is a combination of Reza'i stories that have an independent and separate character, and the dream and reality have become so widespread that the imagination of these events is genuinely real. In several works of Gholamreza Rezaei, we come up with stories that combine truth and delusion together so that the reader moves the sequence of time, but this feature has created a new and exciting quality. In thsis article, the reflection of magical realism in the collection of Reza's stories has been examined. Among the important features of Reza's stories can be say: Humor and fantasy, belief in strange beliefs, vagabond survivors' legends, incredible events, sudden fears and excitement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Intertextual analysis in the stories of Azadaran Bil and Tatar Khandan by Gholamhossein Saedi with an emphasis on Bakhtin's dialogue and polyphony
nemat mansoori Badrieh Ghavami Reza Borzoiy Jamal AdhamiThe present study investigates the intertextuality in the stories of Azadaran Beil and Tatar Khandan by Gholam Hossein Saedi based on the theory of Mikhail Bakhtin. What is referred to as intertextuality today is a term that can be called discourse between texts. Intert MoreThe present study investigates the intertextuality in the stories of Azadaran Beil and Tatar Khandan by Gholam Hossein Saedi based on the theory of Mikhail Bakhtin. What is referred to as intertextuality today is a term that can be called discourse between texts. Intertextuality is the study of the discourse of texts in literary and cultural works of the world. Before Ferdinand de Saussure's theories, everyone believed in the independence of texts, but Saussure's theories lack the validity of these theories. Based on this theory, Bakhtin believes that texts and their speakers consciously or unconsciously benefit from each other's intellectual and literary sources. The authors of this article intend to analyze these two works with the method of content analysis and with the aim of knowing more about the works of this author based on Bakhtin's theory and with the library method; The findings of the research show that the author was influenced by the Quran and Islamic beliefs and also mentioned some popular beliefs during the stories. The expression of proverbs and myths, irony and bringing part of prayers and supplications are other indicators of these works. Saedi has sometimes mentioned other stories in his works, and in terms of content and theme, he has been influenced by Sadiq Hedayat's Buf Kor and Kafka's Metamorphosis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - love and authority from the perspective of Gholam Hossein Ebrahimi Dinani
ali hoseini mahshad sayedipourAuthority is one of the most thought-provoking topics in philosophy, theology, and love. The basis of mystical discussions has long been addressed by elders and thinkers. Authority is defined as the choice, freedom, and preference of something for something and the love MoreAuthority is one of the most thought-provoking topics in philosophy, theology, and love. The basis of mystical discussions has long been addressed by elders and thinkers. Authority is defined as the choice, freedom, and preference of something for something and the love of the extreme. In the time of the Companions, theologians debated about authority, which resulted in the formation of two sects, Qadriya and Al-Jabriya. In; But the conversation about love has also been discussed among poets, mystics and elders since ancient times. Rabia al-Adawiyah is considered to be one of the prominent women in the path and mysticism who initiated the hadith of love and affection. Man is the full manifestation of God Almighty, so he has the essence of free will. According to Dr. Dinani, free will includes a kind of consciousness, which will be the way to reach perfection, and this perfection is considered the goal of man. Love has created a strong passion between the lover and the beloved that will deprive the lover of the ability to give up, but this characteristic will have perception and awareness. Love will not destroy free will, and the result is that there was no conflict between love and free will, but love will show the beauties of free will. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - The Achaemenid City of Dahaneh Gholaman, its Ranking and Social Classes
Alireza Hejebri Nobari Hassan Ali Arab Nadereh Noor GhasemiVarious processes in different scales and dimensions have caused the development of human societies and have changed and transformed their structure. The social classes that are born and nurtured by these societies have caused the complexity of their biological patterns MoreVarious processes in different scales and dimensions have caused the development of human societies and have changed and transformed their structure. The social classes that are born and nurtured by these societies have caused the complexity of their biological patterns and the interpretation of the data revealed from them constitutes our knowledge regarding these societies (in this research, ancient societies). The purpose of this research is to pay attention to the archaeological evidence with a social approach. Based on this, we tried to investigate the social structure - rank, role and social status - of the Dahaneh Gholaman site by interpreting and measuring their behavioral manifestations, which today have come as ancient deposits, in the framework of social patterns. In this article, the classification of societies, their diversity, how to interpret archaeological data from a social theoretical perspective, and various approaches used in the ranking of societies are presented. Besides, the social system of the site was analyzed by introducing the archaeological data of the Dahaneh Gholaman site and putting together the existing evidence and theories. In addition, it was tried to determine the different groups, ranks and classes of this site by economic strategies and to identify the arrangement of structures in direct relation with social classes and two separate neighborhoods in the city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Introduction of Local Beakers in Dahan-e Gholaman Achaemenid Settlement
Zohreh Zehbari Reza MehrAfarin Seyyed Rasool Mousavi HajiDahan-e Gholaman is the most important excavated site of Achaemenid period in the southeast of Iran. This site was discovered in 1960 by Umberto Scerrato and was excavated twice. First archaeological excavation was in 1965- 1962 by an Italian Expedition under Scerrato&r MoreDahan-e Gholaman is the most important excavated site of Achaemenid period in the southeast of Iran. This site was discovered in 1960 by Umberto Scerrato and was excavated twice. First archaeological excavation was in 1965- 1962 by an Italian Expedition under Scerrato’s supervision and the second archaeological excavation was undertaken in 1379-1384 by an Iranian Expedition under Sajjadi’s supervision. Archaeogeophysics has been used in recent studies in Dahan-E Gholaman by Kourosh Mohamadkhani. Pottery is the only valuable archaeological finding of Dahan-e Gholaman. Therefore the investigation of the potteries is useful for improving our knowledge of Achaemenid ceramic tradition in southeast of Iran. This paper is devoted to discovered beakers from this site and has been written based on statistical analyses and quantitative variables of 412 beakers. For this purpose, all of beakers have been studied and analyzed using different aspects and variables. The statistical analyses and technical characteristics of Beakers show that this ceramics were produced on certain standards and for specific purposes in Dahana-e Gholaman. Manuscript profile -
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16 - The rise and fall of Gizilbash in Safavid era
ramin yaghmaeiGizilbash rose as tribes at the beginning of Safavid rising in Azerbaijan then immediately dispersed in almost every region in Iran. They attained powerful social and economical positions , in fact they were Military bases of safavid government , but they also caused ma MoreGizilbash rose as tribes at the beginning of Safavid rising in Azerbaijan then immediately dispersed in almost every region in Iran. They attained powerful social and economical positions , in fact they were Military bases of safavid government , but they also caused many problems for government . Gizilbash were mentally Shiite sofi became orthodoxy Shiite missionaries of twelvefolds , so Safavid kings made more economical benefits for them thus Gizilbash became one of the powerful social classes of Safavid era . Shah Abbas I , one of the greatest king of safavid dynasty hit the knockdown blow to their chiefs because of mistrust to this class ; this policy was one of the reasons of safavid government decline and followed by the next Safavid kings. Although the mentional reason is represented one of the reasons of Safavids decline so far in many books and articles but this topic hasn’t dealt with seperatly yet. In this article we try to deal with peak and decline of Gizilbash class economically with existing references. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The historical geography of Zarang (seestan) in the epochs of history
mehdi keykhaei mohamad taqi fazeliThere are some disagreements between historians about the exact place of Zarang city. Historians have pointed at, at least, three different places: first of all Nad-i-Ali, then Dahan-i- Gholaman, and at last Zahedan-i-Kohne. All these parts are located in the south-east MoreThere are some disagreements between historians about the exact place of Zarang city. Historians have pointed at, at least, three different places: first of all Nad-i-Ali, then Dahan-i- Gholaman, and at last Zahedan-i-Kohne. All these parts are located in the south-eastern part of Iran, in Seistan (later, after the division of Seistan, Nad-i-Ali stayed in the Afghani part of the region). What the evidences show is that this name, Zarang or Zaranj, is still used to name an obscure geographical place, the one that has been either a borough or a region, or sometimes a town or a province. Therefore, it seems that the same obscurity has been about the exact location of Zarang, even in historical epochs. The research in hand tries to define the exact south-eastern Satrapi position of Achaemenid era according to the written documents and archeological evidences, and by means of which to show the transitions of Seistan name in the old geographical and written historical texts. qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq Manuscript profile -
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18 - jh
Abolhassan mobayanli;klli;kl Manuscript profile -
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19 - The historical geography of Zarang (seestan) in the epochs of history
mehdi keykhaei mohamadtaghi fazeliThere are some disagreements between historians about the exact place of Zarang city. Historians have pointed at, at least, three different places: first of all Nad-i-Ali, then Dahan-i- Gholaman, and at last Zahedan-i-Kohne. All these parts are located in the south-east MoreThere are some disagreements between historians about the exact place of Zarang city. Historians have pointed at, at least, three different places: first of all Nad-i-Ali, then Dahan-i- Gholaman, and at last Zahedan-i-Kohne. All these parts are located in the south-eastern part of Iran, in Seistan (later, after the division of Seistan, Nad-i-Ali stayed in the Afghani part of the region).What the evidences show is that this name, Zarang or Zaranj, is still used to name an obscure geographical place, the one that has been either a borough or a region, or sometimes a town or a province. Therefore, it seems that the same obscurity has been about the exact location of Zarang, even in historical epochs. The research in hand tries to define the exact south-eastern Satrapi position of Achaemenid era according to the written documents and archeological evidences, and by means of which to show the transitions of Seistan name in the old geographical and written historical texts. Keywords:Achaemenid, Seistan, Dahan-i-Gholaman, Zarang Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The rise and fall of Gizilbash in Safavid era
Ramin YalfaniGizilbash rose as tribes at the beginning of Safavid rising in Azerbaijan then immediately dispersed in almost every region in Iran. They attained powerful social and economical positions , in fact they were Military bases of safavid government , but they also caused MoreGizilbash rose as tribes at the beginning of Safavid rising in Azerbaijan then immediately dispersed in almost every region in Iran. They attained powerful social and economical positions , in fact they were Military bases of safavid government , but they also caused many problems for government . Gizilbash were mentally Shiite sofi became orthodoxy Shiite missionaries of twelvefolds , so Safavid kings made more economical benefits for them thus Gizilbash became one of the powerful social classes of Safavid era . Shah Abbas I , one of the greatest king of safavid dynasty hit the knockdown blow to their chiefs because of mistrust to this class ; this policy was one of the reasons of safavid government decline and followed by the next Safavid kings. Although the mentional reason is represented one of the reasons of Safavids decline so far in many books and articles but this topic hasn’t dealt with seperatly yet. In this article we try to deal with peak and decline of Gizilbash class economically with existing references. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Investigating and Analyzing the Place of the Ghulam in the Political and Social Structure of the Safavid Government.
َAlireza Moslemi Feizollah Boushasb Gousheh Sholouhsadat Arabi hashemiThe position of the Safavid government in the development of architecture, art, military affairs, and security is not hidden from anyone. The important point in these developments is to what extent the slaves contributed to these developments. Slaves in this study are t MoreThe position of the Safavid government in the development of architecture, art, military affairs, and security is not hidden from anyone. The important point in these developments is to what extent the slaves contributed to these developments. Slaves in this study are the special slaves of the government in the Safavid period through which the Safavids consolidated their power. They were slaves who in Safavid historiography were usually referred to as neo-Muslim Christians who were called Shah Doost. The master-slave model, which began during the reign of Shah Tahmasb I, became the most effective tool during the reign of Shah Abbas I to maintain the power of the monarchy against the style of tribal rule. Shah Abbas supported the slaves in order to create a rift in the tribal structure and in return demanded unconditional loyalty from them. The question of the research is what role did slaves play in the structure of Safavid sectarianism, society, architecture, art, and trade, and the hypothesis is that given that the power of slaves was due to the Safavids' sincerity to the Safavid king always in the work of security and They worked hard to spread architecture, art, and trade. This article examines the role of slaves in the Safavid rule according to the available sources in the form of a library. Manuscript profile -
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22 - عملکرد مدارس جامعه تعلیمات اسلامی درشهر اصفهان
دکتر علی رضا ابطحی فروشانی کیمیا کشتی آرا -
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23 - An Analytical study of Narration Tempo in Gharibe dar Shahr by Gholam-Hossein Saedi Based Gerard Genette’s Narratology
Seddigheh Kobra Sadaghiani Hamidreza Farzi Naser Dashtpeyma An effective element of narration structure is “time”. In most of the cases, narration time is against the real time. A narrative discourse is characterized by the tim More An effective element of narration structure is “time”. In most of the cases, narration time is against the real time. A narrative discourse is characterized by the time as a principle and typical representation of events of the story. Gerard Genette, the French structuralist theorist, provides the most comprehensive discussions about time components and the effective factors on narration tempo. Accordingly, the current study applied Genette’s theory to study the concept of time and the factors effective on acceleration or deacceleration of tempo narration in Saedi’s Gharibe dar Shahr adopting a descriptive-analytical approach. Results indicated that the volume of text against the time of event, and the use of more deaccelerating elements in narration in different parts of Gharibe dar Shahr resulted in a negative acceleration of the story and slowed its tempo. Manuscript profile -
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fatemeh pahlavanshamsi شهرزاد نیازی Maryam Blurry -
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25 - The Mythological Analysis of Gāv, Based on the Archetypal Role of Cow in the Iranian Mythology
Sadreddin TāheriIn animist cultures, the chosen animal represents an eternal power, which needs to be ritually sacrificed to blessing or as atonement for sins. In an altar, sometimes the chosen man and the chosen animal substitute one another. In the Abrahamic religions, the successor MoreIn animist cultures, the chosen animal represents an eternal power, which needs to be ritually sacrificed to blessing or as atonement for sins. In an altar, sometimes the chosen man and the chosen animal substitute one another. In the Abrahamic religions, the successor sacrifice is often a camel or a sheep. But taking a look at pre-Islamic Iranian beliefs reveals that for the ancient Iranians the chosen animal is cow which in its archetypal role, as the sacrifice, blesses the nature. The purpose of the present article is to explore the mythological roots in Gāv (The Cow), a screenplay by Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, with a comparative mythological approach. The research has been done by using descriptive-analytical and developmental method and its qualitative data have been collected in a documentary manner. The result of the research reveals that the mythological actors of this narrative are as follows: the shaman (Mash Islam), the nuns (Naneh Khanom and Naneh Fatemeh), the devilish powers (the Porusi bandits), the sacrificial animal (the cow) and the sacrificial man (Mash Hasan). After the cow dies, Mash Hasan substitutes for it, and eventually he suffers the same death as the cow. In this way, the border between the sacrificial animal and the sacrificial man is abolished. Manuscript profile -
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26 - Gholam hossein Saedi and his position in Iranian cinema
mahnaz Mohammadi Mohammad kalhor Fereshteh Sadat EttefaghfarGholamhossein Saedi followed writers such as Sadegh Hedayat, Bozorg Alavi, and Jalal-E Al Ahmad in search of social perfection and full-heartedly felt the sufferings and hardships of the society and acted with great excellence in repaying them in his stories. He was one MoreGholamhossein Saedi followed writers such as Sadegh Hedayat, Bozorg Alavi, and Jalal-E Al Ahmad in search of social perfection and full-heartedly felt the sufferings and hardships of the society and acted with great excellence in repaying them in his stories. He was one of many writers of the last hundred years and the top story writers in the forties. The stories of that decade reflect the spiritual failures of the intellectuals after the coup on August 19, 1953, and this theme can be seen in many of his writings. One of the most important features of that period was the censorship, ruling the space of writing stories and poems, which caused a group of writers to turn to playwriting and use its symbolic aspect to express their intentions and content. Saedi was also among these writers. He was one of the most successful writers in Iran's dramatic literature. The political themes of Saedi's works were more visible in his plays. According to the political conditions of the 1940s, the subject, and the content of his plays, he has expressed openly or mockingly and satirically issues such as tyranny and oppression, freedom of expression, land reform law, and the confrontation of people's poverty with the current of modernization. Three prominent intellectual cinema films of the years before the Islamic Revolution: Cow, Mina's circle, and Peace in the Presence of others, are taken from Saedi's stories. In addition to analyzing Saedi's works, it will highlight the influence of Saedi's works on the Iranian cinema of that period. To reveal his role and position in the intellectual cinema of the years before the revolution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - A Study of the manifestations of metamorphosis in Gholam Hossein Sa'edi’s Works with respect to Gérard Genette's Theory of Hypertextuality
elahe feizimoghadam Mohammad Aref Mohammadreza SharifzadehThe purpose of this article is the hypertextuality study of manifestations of metamorphosis in Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi's works according to Gérard Genette's theory of hypertextuality. This theory is one of the five types of Genette's theory of transtextuality which MoreThe purpose of this article is the hypertextuality study of manifestations of metamorphosis in Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi's works according to Gérard Genette's theory of hypertextuality. This theory is one of the five types of Genette's theory of transtextuality which concentrates on inspiration, derivation and effectiveness of the hypotext on the hypertext. Besides, this theory includes two basic types, imitation and transformation. Metamorphosis is considered as one of the most remarkable elements in myths, folk tales, and legends. Based on this process, unexpected and gradual changes demonstrate themselves in the appearance and sometimes in the conscience of the creatures and they transform from one form to another while displaying different performances. Moreover, sometimes they can appear in the combined structure of humans, animals, plants, and objects. Literature is the origin of presence of these manifestations and they have had mutual effects on each other over the time. The mutual impressiveness and effectiveness provide an opportunity to study them with respect to the theory of hypertextuality especially by considering contemporary literatute as the target resources which fewer researchers have focused on it. The results of the study demonstrate that the manifestations of the metamorphosis exist in thirteen stories, one novel, six plays, and three screenplays written by Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi. In this article, based on the descriptive-analytical method, these manifestations were classified and determined in three different groups and then they were studied based on a qualitative content analysis. At the end, impressiveness of these manifistations in Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi's works from ancient literature and folk tales has been studied according to the hypertextuality theoretical framework. The results represent that Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi sometimes has used these manifestations with direct and indirect influence of ancient and religious narratives and folk tales (hypotext) in his works (hypertext), however, in most of the time, he has used his creativity and imagination to make these manifestations in favor of progress of the story. Manuscript profile
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