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Open Access Article
1 - Investigation of the Effect of Hemicellulase in Heat Reflux and Ultrasound Extraction Methods on Extraction Efficiency of Glycyrrhizic Acid of Licorice Root
E. Giahi J. Keramat M. JahadiIntroduction: Enzyme assisted extraction methods have been recently reported for the extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of hemicellulase enzyme on the extraction efficiency of the extract and the extraction of glycyr MoreIntroduction: Enzyme assisted extraction methods have been recently reported for the extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of hemicellulase enzyme on the extraction efficiency of the extract and the extraction of glycyrrhizic acid from licorice root through reflux and ultrasound extraction methods. Materials and Methods: After the preparation of licorice root, the enzymatic pretreatment was performed by hemicellulase enzyme at different concentrations (0.2, 1, 2, 3 %) for 1 hour in waterbath at 45°C. The extracts were obtained by both reflux and ultrasound methods (20 minutes at 35°C with 40 khz frequency), followed by centrifugation, concentration and drying in an oven. The extraction efficiency of the extract was calculated and the amount of glycyrrhizic acid was measured by HPLC method. Results: The extraction efficiency of the extract was increased significantly as the hemicellulase enzyme concentration was increased, therefore the extract from the enzymatically pretreated licorice root with hemicellulase enzyme in both extraction methods at the concentration of 3% led to the maximum extraction efficiency and there were significant differences between the control and the enzymatically pretreated samples (p<0.05). Conclusion: Enzymatic pretreatment of the licorice root with hemicellulase enzyme in both reflux and ultrasound extraction methods is an effective method to increase the extraction efficiency of glycyrrhizic acid from licorice root. The enzyme with the capability of cell wall breakage of plant tissue facilitates the release of the intracellular materials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Comparison of the Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and Its Active Ingredient Glycyrrhizic Acid on the Amount of Bax and Bcl-2 Proteins in the Liver Cells of Type 1 Diabetic Male Rats
Sedigheh Jani Vida Hojati Gholamhassan Vaezi Raheleh RahbarianIntroduction and Objective: The function of the liver as an insulin-dependent organ is strongly affected by diabetes. Diabetes can lead to liver damage through oxidative stress. The present study was performed to evaluate the possible effects of hydroalcoholic extract o MoreIntroduction and Objective: The function of the liver as an insulin-dependent organ is strongly affected by diabetes. Diabetes can lead to liver damage through oxidative stress. The present study was performed to evaluate the possible effects of hydroalcoholic extract of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and glyceric acid on Bax and Bcl2 apoptotic factors in male type 1 diabetic rats. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 72 male Wistar rats were injected into diabetic control, diabetic control and diabetic groups treated with hydroalcoholic extract of licorice and glycyrrhizinic acid at concentrations of 50 and 100 mg / kg by injection. The time intervals of 15 and 30 days were divided. Diabetic control and treatment groups became diabetic with a single intraperitoneal injection of 120 mg/kg alloxane monohydrate. At the end of the treatment period, Bax and Bcl2 apoptotic factors were measured. The results were analyzed by SPSS 21 software and one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test. Results: Bax apoptotic factor was significantly decreased in the treated groups compared to the diabetic control groups and Bcl2 anti-apoptotic factor was significantly increased (p <0.05) which indicates improvement in the structure of damaged liver tissue in the groups. It is a treatment. Conclusion: Hydroalcoholic extract of licorice and glycyrrhizic acid is in expressed doses of anti-apoptotic and has a protective effect against liver damage induced by diabetes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Investigation the synergistic effects of licorice, garlic and fennel essential oils Microemulsions as natural antioxidant and antibacterial agents
M. Zahedi B. Memar Maher Navideh Anarjan H. HamishehkarThe demand for the use of plant essential oils due to their antimicrobial properties as antioxidants and natural preservatives and flavorings and aromatizers is increasing in the food industry. Therefore, in this study, microemulsions of licorice, garlic, and fennel ess MoreThe demand for the use of plant essential oils due to their antimicrobial properties as antioxidants and natural preservatives and flavorings and aromatizers is increasing in the food industry. Therefore, in this study, microemulsions of licorice, garlic, and fennel essential oils were successfully prepared alone and in combination. Physical and chemical properties, antioxidant activities, antibacterial activities, and synergistic properties of prepared microemulsions were investigated. For this reason, various microemulsions with oily phases consisting of pure licorice, garlic, and fennel essential oils and their combination were prepared. Microbial and turbidity results showed that reduced particle size of essential oil in the nanoemulsion range can increase their antibacterial and antioxidant properties using microemulsion systems. In addition, the synergistic effects of essential oil on each other were observed where oil phase microemulsions consisting of two components showed higher antibacterial and antioxidant activity compared to the oil phase of one component. Therefore, the work aimed to develop a microemulsion system with two oil phases consisting of licorice, garlic, and fennel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Study and comparison of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of the native populations of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) Iran
ghasem eghlima mohsen sanikhani Azizollah Kheiry javad hadian mitra aelaeiGlycyrrhiza glabra L. is a family of Legominos, herbaceous, perennial and Iran is one of the countries exporting its root. This plant grows in different regions of Iran, hence the study of phytochemical diversity in different regions is important. This study was carried MoreGlycyrrhiza glabra L. is a family of Legominos, herbaceous, perennial and Iran is one of the countries exporting its root. This plant grows in different regions of Iran, hence the study of phytochemical diversity in different regions is important. This study was carried out to evaluate the content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of 2 cm diameter roots of licorice populations in 15 provinces and 30 regions of Iran in 2017 in October and were transferred to the laboratories of the Department of Horticulture of Zanjan University. Total phenol (Folin–Ciocalteu method), total flavonoid (Aluminum Chloride method), anthocyanin (pH difference method) and antioxidant activity (DPPH method) were studied. The results of analysis of variance of data showed that among 30 populations, for all traits, there was a significant difference in the level of one percent. Total phenol traits ranging from 456.05 to 826 mg gallic acid per 100 g, total flavonoid between 1909.25 to 292.62 mg of quercetin per 100 g, anthocyanin levels ranging from 6.89 to 26.24 mg cyanidine-3-glucoside in Liter, the antioxidant activity varied between 62.07% and 87.14%. There was a significant and positive correlation between phenol total phenotype and antioxidant activity at 1% level, but there was no significant correlation with total flavonoid, anthocyanin and height. Based on the results of cluster analysis, 30 G. glabra were divided into two main groups. The evaluation of populations in terms of phytochemical traits showed a high variation that N, KA, BA, T, E, Y, M, MR, and SB populations Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Evaluation of glabridin content and its relationship with environmental factors in some different populations of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. native to Iran
ghasem eghlima mohsen sanikhani Azizollah Kheiry Javad Hadian mitra aelaeiGlabridin is one of the most flavonoid compounds in Glycyrrhiza glabra L. root with biological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, anti-cancer and neuroprotective properties. In this study, in order to investigate the content of MoreGlabridin is one of the most flavonoid compounds in Glycyrrhiza glabra L. root with biological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, anti-cancer and neuroprotective properties. In this study, in order to investigate the content of glabridin and its relationship with soil and climatic factors, roots with a diameter of 2 cm from 17 populations of licorice were harvested from different regions of Iran in October 2018. and transferred to the Laboratory of Research Institute of Medicinal Plants and Raw Materials at Shahid Beheshti University for analysis. Extraction of the extract was performed using 80% methanol solvent and the content of glabridin was studied by HPLC. Glabridin content of different licorice populations varied from 0.41 (in Yasuj population) to 22.87 (in Kashmar population) mg / g dry weight. Significant positive correlation was observed between glabridin and phosphorus and soil lime content at 1% level. Glabridin content had a significant negative correlation with altitude of 5%. Based on the results of cluster analysis, 17 licorice populations were divided into three main groups. Evaluation of populations for glabridin showed a high diversity so that Kashmar, Ilam and Bojnurd populations can be used as superior populations for domestication and breeding and for food and pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Low-calorie Cake Formulations Using Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and Quince Seed (Cydonia oblonga) Gum
Zeinab Gholamian Esmaeil Ataye Salehi Elham Mahdian Zahra Sheikholeslami -
Open Access Article
7 - Enriching eggplant yogurt with alcoholic licorice extract and its effect on Helicobacter pylor
Saeed Tekieh Marouf Rezvan Pourahmad Mohammad Reza EshaghiHelicobacter pylori can cause gastrointestinal diseases such as gastritis, stomach ulcer and gastric cancer. The main treatment for this disease is antibiotic therapy, but due to the length of treatment and the damage caused by the use of antibiotics, alternative treatm MoreHelicobacter pylori can cause gastrointestinal diseases such as gastritis, stomach ulcer and gastric cancer. The main treatment for this disease is antibiotic therapy, but due to the length of treatment and the damage caused by the use of antibiotics, alternative treatments are needed. It seems that the use of herbs is the best alternative for treatment of the disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eggplant yogurt enriched with alcoholic licorice extract on Helicobacter pylori inhibition. Extract of licorice was added to eggplant yogurt samples at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5%. Control sample (extract free) was prepared. The samples were kept at 4 ° C for three weeks. Microbial, physicochemical and sensory properties of the samples were investigated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of alcoholic licorice extract by micro dilution method against Helicobacter pylori was 7000 ppm and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 10000 ppm. The highest diameter of inhibition zone was related to the eggplant yogurt sample containing 0.5% licorice extract and the lowest was belonged to control sample (eggplant yogurt without licorice extract). Adding the licorice extract to the eggplant yogurt samples decreased significantly acidity and syneresis (p<0.05). The addition of licorice extract improved overall acceptance of eggplant yogurt. Among the samples, the sample containing 0.5% licorice extract was selected as the best treatment. Therefore, eggplant yogurt containing licorice extract has suitable sensory quality and can be affected the inhibition of Helicobacter pylori. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Effect of Licorice (Glycyrrhiza Glabra) Extract on Sperm Parameters and Plasma Level of Testosterone in Male Rats
Seidmohammadreza seidtaj Mohamadreza AttarnosratiGlycyrrhiza Glabra is a Mediterranean perennial plant that its extract has glucose, asparagine, albumin materials, flavonoids, antioxidants, resins and so on, due to the presence of important medical and nutritional compounds, it has been considered by pharmaceutical an MoreGlycyrrhiza Glabra is a Mediterranean perennial plant that its extract has glucose, asparagine, albumin materials, flavonoids, antioxidants, resins and so on, due to the presence of important medical and nutritional compounds, it has been considered by pharmaceutical and food industries. On the other hand, the existence of numerous therapeutic effects of licorice, as well as the identification of the potential protective role of licorice against Covid-19 disease and the increase in its consumption, increases the importance of investigating the effects of licorice consumption on other body systems. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract on sperm parameters and blood testosterone levels in male rate. Twenty-eight adult male rats, ranging in weight from 180 to 200 g were divided into four groups include control and three treatment groups which every group received 100, 200 or 300 doses of alcoholic extract by gavage daily for 10 days. The results of this study showed that the oral consumption of alcoholic extract of licorice plant at the rate 100 and 200 mg per body weight had no significant effect on sperm parameters and serum testosterone levels (p > 0.05) and only consumption of 300 mg/kg of body weight caused a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the average number of live sperms and their motility, as well as a significant decrease in the serum level of testosterone was observed in this dose (p < 0.05). But there was no significant effect on the weight of the testicles and the weight of the rats (p > 0.05). It seems that consuming high amounts of licorice extract has fertility-reducing effects in male rats, and this effect can be caused by the reduction of plasma testosterone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Effect of drying conditions on glycyrrhizic acid and water soluble extract of licorice plant (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.)
Ali Rezvani Aghdam Seyyed Mohammad Hosein Ale Omrani NejadIntroduction: Nature has always been an excellent source of many therapeutic compounds providing with numerous medicinal plants and microorganisms producing beneficial chemicals. The growing demand for medicinal species indicates the emergence of a market with high pote MoreIntroduction: Nature has always been an excellent source of many therapeutic compounds providing with numerous medicinal plants and microorganisms producing beneficial chemicals. The growing demand for medicinal species indicates the emergence of a market with high potential for consumption, requiring a consistent and readily available supply of high-quality raw material. Medicinal properties of plants are mainly related to the ingredient contents. Achieving the maximum ingredient contents is one of the most important goals of the production and processing of medicinal plants. The post-harvesting process of medicinal plants has great importance in the production chain, because of its direct influence on the quality and quantity of the active ingredients in the product sold. Drying is the most common processing method affecting the quality and quantity of ingredients after harvesting. Several factors such as temperature, duration, air flow, relative humidity, sample size and plant texture affect the amount and type of these compounds. The choice of the optimal drying air temperature is a central economic and ecological criterion. Although most experimental studies state that increasing temperature was related to the reduction active ingredient contents, but also, there are differences in temperature sensitivity between species. Increasing temperature was leaded decreasing time of drying especially large samples. Glycyrriza glabra (fabaceae family) is ligneous perennial shrubs plant. This plant is considered one of the most important export medicinal plants, which has medicinal properties. The medicinal properties of this plant are mainly related to glycyrrhizic acid and water-soluble extract. This plant was used in foods as sweetening and in both traditional and herbal medicine. This plant was considered to have strong pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, antibacterial, regulating blood lipids and blood glucose levels, neuroprotection, anti-osteoporosis, phytoestrogen and anticancer. In this study, the effect of temperature and root size was evaluated on glycyrrizic acid and water soluble extract.Materials and Methods: Gathered licorice root were chopped in large size (10 cm length, 10mm diameter), medium size (5 cm length, 7mm diameter), and small size (2 cm length, 5mm diameter). All samples were dried in room temperature (natural drying), and oven (50 and 70 degree centigrade). Glycyrrhizic acid solution were prepared European pharmacopeia and were injected HPLC apparatus. To prepare water soluble extract, water poured on prepared licorice root powder. After 24 hours keeping steady, sample was shaked off with shaker apparatus 8 hours and keeping steady again18 hours. Ready mixture was filtered and heated in 105 degrees centigrade until it reached constant weight. Water soluble extract and glycyrrhizic acid were measured to determine effect drying temperature and size sample on the amount of them.Results and Discution: Based on the results of this research, temperature did not have a significant effect on the amount of glycyrrhizic acid in small dried samples, but in medium samples, an increase in temperature was led to a significant decrease in glycyrrhizic acid, and in large samples, an increase in temperature was led to significant increase in glycyrrhizic acid. Water-soluble extract showed similar behavior glycyrrhizic acid. Finally, drying large size licorice root in 70 degrees centigrade introduced as the best conditions for drying licorice root. Manuscript profile
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