شاخص هرفیندال

Open Access Article

1 - Market Structure and Social Costs in Cement Industry: The Case study of Iran
سید شمس الدین حسینی سمیه دودانگه

This paper aims to highlight the structure of cement market in Iran and show how it has performed in the past, particularly over period of 2000 - 2007. Following the new policy guidelines notified by the supreme leader of Iran, I republic, pertaining the article 44 of T More

This paper aims to highlight the structure of cement market in Iran and show how it has performed in the past, particularly over period of 2000 - 2007. Following the new policy guidelines notified by the supreme leader of Iran, I republic, pertaining the article 44 of The Constitution, it deemed necessary to carry out studies evaluating the viability these corporation exposed to market forces. The rationale behind  this new policy was to expedite the divestment process of state owned corporations to private entities as a step to enhance an environment of competitiveness in the economy, and also to promote productivity , social welfare and so forth,   As such, this study aims to fill this gap. To delineate the structure of Cement market, techniques such as Concentration index, Hirfindal-Hirshman index, and Entropy (both cases of including not including ownership effect) indexes are used. In the case Entropy including ownership effect, the result shows that over the period under study, the concentration ratio of top four firms were between 74 and 84 percent, and that of Herfindhal-Hirshman index was between 2018 and 2501 unit and Entropy index was between 0.74 and 0.83. In the case Entropy excluding ownership effect, the above observation can not be maintained. To measure social cost inflicted by Cement Industry Activities, Cowling-Mueller Method, was used. Cost function for cement industry (comprising of 10 firms) was estimated in an Integral Data Pattern Format using data covering the period of 2000 to 2007. Then, based on the information, the total cost of above mentioned firms, their price deviation from total cost, and the total welfare costs of the industry as a whole were calculated. The results of above calculations show that the welfare loss resulted from monopoly of these 10 firms, amounts to 44 percent of sale value. Moreover, economics of scale was taken care of while estimating marginal cost and average cost in this industry.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Investigating the effect of risk and competitiveness indicators of banks on systemic risk with the marginal expected shortfall (MES) approach using the GMM model
meysam fadaee vahed mohammad Ali Dehghan Dehnavi ali divandari meysam amiry

Systemic risk has been considered as one of the new concepts in the field of finance since 2008 and this risk is more considered in the banking industry due to the close relationship between banks in their daily operations. Therefore, identifying the factors affecting t More

Systemic risk has been considered as one of the new concepts in the field of finance since 2008 and this risk is more considered in the banking industry due to the close relationship between banks in their daily operations. Therefore, identifying the factors affecting this risk in the banking industry is the main purpose of this study. In this study, the relationship between macroeconomic indicators (interest rate, economic growth rate and inflation), risk (liquidity and default risk) and competitiveness (Herfindahl-Hirschman index and asset size) using banks' data from 2009 to date and with The GMM data panel method was tested.The results of modeling show that there is a significant and direct relationship between default risk index (credit) and systemic risk of the banking industry. Also, in all competition indicators, including Herfindahl-Hirschman index and the size of banks, there is a direct relationship, and in macroeconomic indicators, the relationship between interest rates and inflation with the systemic risk of banks is direct and significant. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Investigating the effect of risk and competitiveness indicators of the banking industry on the index of economic growth and consumer inflation in iran’s economy
meysam fadaee vahed mohammad Ali Dehghan Dehnavi ali divandari meysam amiry

In recent years, the country's economy has faced a major challenge in the index of economic growth and inflation, and several factors have contributed to this challenge. Many theorists believe that banks and their risks have contributed significantly to these economic f More

In recent years, the country's economy has faced a major challenge in the index of economic growth and inflation, and several factors have contributed to this challenge. Many theorists believe that banks and their risks have contributed significantly to these economic fluctuations. This study seeks to find an answer to the relationship between economic growth, inflation and risk and competitive banking indicators using the GMM model and quarterly data from the country's banks since 2007.The results show that there is a significant relationship between economic growth and systemic risk indicators and Herfindahl-Hirschman. With the increase in systemic risk of the banking sector and the Herfindahl-Hirschman index, the country's economic growth index has decreased; Therefore, it can be concluded that controlling and reducing the systemic risk of the banking network is very important to increase economic growth. On the other hand, banks' competition in the country's economy is not useful and effective for economic growth and destructive competition dominates the country's banking network. Regarding inflation, the relationship between the competitiveness of the banking industry and inflation is positive and one of the inflationary factors in the country's economy is the competition of banks. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Investigating the Impact of Diversification Strategy in Assets and Loans on Bank Risk
Mousa Bozorg Asl Alireza Akbari Masule Mohammad Javad Mohaghegh Nia Mohammad Taghi Taqhavi Fard

The realtionship between risk and diversification is an important issue in banking. This paper evaluated the impact of diversification in loans and asset on risk. Assets based on a fourfold division of assets other than loans, including fixed assets, securities, investm More

The realtionship between risk and diversification is an important issue in banking. This paper evaluated the impact of diversification in loans and asset on risk. Assets based on a fourfold division of assets other than loans, including fixed assets, securities, investment and facilities granted by economic sectors including agriculture, industry and mining, construction, housing, trade, services and export.The sample of study was 12 listed banks in Tehran Stock Exchange included Saderat, Mellat, Tejarat, Parsian, Eghtesad Novin, Pasargad, Sina, Hekmat, Day, Sarmaye, Postbank, and Karafrin. The period of study was from 2011 to 2015. The method of study was panel data that used a model for investigating the relationship between risk and diversification. Findings showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between risk and concentration. This result confirmed the traditional therory in banking about risk and diversification. Also, the results have the important policy implications to banks for decreasing risk in loans and deposits. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Investigating the Impact of Competition in the Product Market Using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index on the Efficiency of Investing in Human Resources in Companies Listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
Hamid Reza Mohammadi Atefeh Abbasi

Nowadays, Daneshgar human resources are considered as the most important ability of the organization to gain a competitive advantage and also the main intangible asset, and the organization believes that employees should be the basis for improving the quality and effici More

Nowadays, Daneshgar human resources are considered as the most important ability of the organization to gain a competitive advantage and also the main intangible asset, and the organization believes that employees should be the basis for improving the quality and efficiency of all organizational processes The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of competition in the product market using Herfindahl-Hirschman index on the efficiency of investment in human resources in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The research data has been prepared using the library-documentation method and the statistical population of this research is the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 1393 to 1398. Sampling was done by systematic elimination method and 124 companies were selected as a sample. This research is random, correlation and post-event. Multivariate regression technique using panel data method has been used to test the hypotheses. The findings showed that there is a significant inverse relationship between competition in the product market using the Herfindahl-Hirschman index and the efficiency of investment in human resources. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - منابع درآمدی متنوع، محدودیت‌ها و روش‌ها: شواهدی از ناحیة آگارفا در جنوب شرق اتیوپی
Mideksa Fufa Jilito Eric Ndemo Okoyo Dereje Kifle Moges

کشاورزی موتور محرکة کاهش فقر و عدم‌امنیت غذایی به شمار می‌رود. بااین‌حال، بخش کشاورزی ناتوان از پاسخ به نیاز روزافزون جمعیت روستایی به غذا بوده و تحت تاثیر ریسک‌های مختلف قرار گرفته است. با اینکه راهبردهای متنوع‌سازی درآمد مکمل تولید مزرعه‌ای زراعان است، اما گسترة منابع More

کشاورزی موتور محرکة کاهش فقر و عدم‌امنیت غذایی به شمار می‌رود. بااین‌حال، بخش کشاورزی ناتوان از پاسخ به نیاز روزافزون جمعیت روستایی به غذا بوده و تحت تاثیر ریسک‌های مختلف قرار گرفته است. با اینکه راهبردهای متنوع‌سازی درآمد مکمل تولید مزرعه‌ای زراعان است، اما گسترة منابع تنوع درآمدی خانوارها و عوامل مربوطه در ناحیة آگارفا هنوز به صورت تجربی شناسایی نشده‌اند. درنتیجه، در این مطالعه به دنبال ارزیابی راهبردهای تنوع درآمد و شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر انتخاب این راهبردها در میان خانوارهای روستایی این ناحیه بودیم. برای این منظور، 150 خانوار را با استفاده از تکنیک نمونه‌برداری تصادفی طبقه‌ای از سه بخش این ناحیه انتخاب کردیم. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌های کمّی از روش مصاحبه و برای جمع‌آوری داده‌های کیفی از روش بحث گروه متمرکز و مصاحبه با افراد مطلع استفاده کردیم. از آمار توصیفی و استنباطی نیز برای توصیف راهبردهای تنوع درآمدی بهره گرفته‌ایم. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که کشاورزی سهم اصلی را در درآمد کل خانواده‌ها دارد (89/88 درصد) و فعالیت‌های غیرمزرعه‌ای (12/10 درصد) و خارج از مزرعه (99/0 درصد) نیز در رده‌های بعدی قرار دارند. علاوه بر این، مشخص شد که میانگین شاخص‌های تنوع در خانوارهای درگیر در فعالیت‌های خانگی (67/36 ) کمتر از خانوارهای درگیر در تولید محصول (00/38320) است. بنابراین، نتیجه می‌گیریم که بخش کشاورزی به تنهایی قادر به افزایش درآمد خانوارها، تضمین امنیت غذایی و کاهش ففر در منطقة موردمطالعه نیست. بنابراین، در خط مشی‌ها و راهبردهای توسعه روستایی باید به موضوع ترویج فعالیت‌های درآمدزا در کنار فعالیت‌های کشاورزی در مناطق روستایی توجه بشود تا بتوان رفاه کلی جوامع روستایی را ارتقاء داد. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Investigation the Effect of Credit Risk on Financial Stability in the Islamic Banking System
Alireza Heidarzadeh Hanzaei

Banks and their volume of financial transactions have a positive effect on the income of companies and the country's economy and paying attention to their stability conditions can create a stable economy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of credit More

Banks and their volume of financial transactions have a positive effect on the income of companies and the country's economy and paying attention to their stability conditions can create a stable economy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of credit risk on the financial stability of banks listed on the Tehran Securities Exchange. In order to measure the credit risk variable from the research of Zupandis et al. (2017), the Z-score index was used to measure the financial stability variable based on Farhi (2018) and Al-Badri (2015) studies. The generality of this index is due to the fact that it is inversely related to the probability of bankruptcy of a bank. The number of sixteen banks accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period of six years from 2014 to 2019 were selected as the statistical population of the research. Multivariate regression analysis using mixed data method with fixed effects was used to test the hypotheses. The research results show that credit risk has a significant and adverse effect on the financial stability of banks. In fact, one of the factors that can strongly affect the stability of banks is the credit risk of banks. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The Effect of Electronic Banking on Return on Equity for Selected Banks in Tehran Stock Exchange
سید شمس الدین حسینی حمید فرامرزی عباد

Electronic banking is a result of entering information and communication technology in the field of banking that led to reduced bank’s and costumer's costs. Use of electronic banking instruments such as automated teller machine (ATM) and point of sales (POS) has r More

Electronic banking is a result of entering information and communication technology in the field of banking that led to reduced bank’s and costumer's costs. Use of electronic banking instruments such as automated teller machine (ATM) and point of sales (POS) has released delivery of banking services from the liabilities of time and location and affect the profitability of banks. This study has investigated the effect of electronic banking expansion on return on equity (ROE) in eight banks in the Tehran Stock Exchange included four private banks (Eghtesad novin, Parsian, Pasargad, Sina) and for state-owned banks that has been transferred their shares to the Stock Exchange (Saderat, Mellat, Tejarat, Post bank); in period of 1385-1393. Based on Generalized Least Square (GLS) approach and panel data method we found a significant positive effects between ROE and independent variables  such as ATM/Branch, SPOS, HHI and GDP .   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - تاثیر ساختار بازار محصول برهزینه‌های حسابرسی
فرزانه حیدر پور یعقوب جعفری

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Open Access Article

10 - تأثیر توانایی مدیریت بر رقابت در بازار محصول
محمدرضا نیکبخت علی قاسمی

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Open Access Article

11 - Investigating the Impact of Diversification Strategy in Assets and Loans on Bank Return
Mousa Bozorg Asl Alireza Akbari Masule Mohammad Javad Mohaghegh Nia Mohammad Taghi Taqhavi Fard

Diversification and return's relationship is a question that every bank faces with it. It is a routin issue that the bank should answer to it. This study also seeks to evaluate the relationship between diversification and return. The sample of study is 10 banks included More

Diversification and return's relationship is a question that every bank faces with it. It is a routin issue that the bank should answer to it. This study also seeks to evaluate the relationship between diversification and return. The sample of study is 10 banks included Saderat, Mellat, Tejarat, Parsian, Eghtesad Novin, Pasargad, Sina, Hekmat, Day, Sarmaye, Post bank, and Karafrin. The period of study was from 2011 to 2015. Herfindal Herishman index (HHI) was used as the proxy of diversification and two kinds of return included return of assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). The multiple regression is used and estimated by estimated generalized least squares (EGLS). The results showed that there was a significant and adverse relationship between diversification of assets and ROA. Also, there wasn't a significant relationship between diversification of loans and ROA. Furthermore, there wasn't a significant relationship between diversification of loans and assets with ROE Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Investigating competitiveness structure in global apple market
Nazanin Yousefian Farshid Eshraghi Farhad, Shirani Bidabad

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