منابع درآمدی متنوع، محدودیتها و روشها: شواهدی از ناحیة آگارفا در جنوب شرق اتیوپی
Subject Areas : Farming SystemsMideksa Fufa Jilito 1 , Eric Ndemo Okoyo 2 , Dereje Kifle Moges 3
1 - Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
2 - Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
3 - Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
Keywords: تنوع, درآمد, شاخص هرفیندال, فعالیتهای غیرمزرعهای, فعالیتهای خارج از مزرعه,
Abstract :
کشاورزی موتور محرکة کاهش فقر و عدمامنیت غذایی به شمار میرود. بااینحال، بخش کشاورزی ناتوان از پاسخ به نیاز روزافزون جمعیت روستایی به غذا بوده و تحت تاثیر ریسکهای مختلف قرار گرفته است. با اینکه راهبردهای متنوعسازی درآمد مکمل تولید مزرعهای زراعان است، اما گسترة منابع تنوع درآمدی خانوارها و عوامل مربوطه در ناحیة آگارفا هنوز به صورت تجربی شناسایی نشدهاند. درنتیجه، در این مطالعه به دنبال ارزیابی راهبردهای تنوع درآمد و شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر انتخاب این راهبردها در میان خانوارهای روستایی این ناحیه بودیم. برای این منظور، 150 خانوار را با استفاده از تکنیک نمونهبرداری تصادفی طبقهای از سه بخش این ناحیه انتخاب کردیم. برای جمعآوری دادههای کمّی از روش مصاحبه و برای جمعآوری دادههای کیفی از روش بحث گروه متمرکز و مصاحبه با افراد مطلع استفاده کردیم. از آمار توصیفی و استنباطی نیز برای توصیف راهبردهای تنوع درآمدی بهره گرفتهایم. نتایج نشان میدهد که کشاورزی سهم اصلی را در درآمد کل خانوادهها دارد (89/88 درصد) و فعالیتهای غیرمزرعهای (12/10 درصد) و خارج از مزرعه (99/0 درصد) نیز در ردههای بعدی قرار دارند. علاوه بر این، مشخص شد که میانگین شاخصهای تنوع در خانوارهای درگیر در فعالیتهای خانگی (67/36 ) کمتر از خانوارهای درگیر در تولید محصول (00/38320) است. بنابراین، نتیجه میگیریم که بخش کشاورزی به تنهایی قادر به افزایش درآمد خانوارها، تضمین امنیت غذایی و کاهش ففر در منطقة موردمطالعه نیست. بنابراین، در خط مشیها و راهبردهای توسعه روستایی باید به موضوع ترویج فعالیتهای درآمدزا در کنار فعالیتهای کشاورزی در مناطق روستایی توجه بشود تا بتوان رفاه کلی جوامع روستایی را ارتقاء داد.
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