Income Diversification Sources, Constraints, and Measurements: Evidence from Agarfa District, Southeastern Ethiopia

محورهای موضوعی : Farming Systems

Mideksa Fufa Jilito ¹ (Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia)
Eric Ndemo Okoyo ² (Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia)
Dereje Kifle Moges ³ (Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia)

تاریخ دریافت : 1398/09/07 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/07/20 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/03/11

کلید واژه: Diversification, Income, Herfindal index, non-farm activities, off-farm activities,

چکیده مقاله :

Agriculture is considered a driving force to reduce poverty and food insecurity. However, the agricultural sector has been unable to meet the growing food need of the rural population and it has been influenced by various risks. Although income diversification strategies supplement farmers’ farm production, the extent of households’ income diversification sources and their associated factors are not yet empirically identified in Agarfa District. Thus, this study aimed to measure income diversification strategies and identify factors responsible for the choice of income diversification strategies among rural households in the district. The study drew a sample of 150 households using the stratified random sampling technique from three kebeles of the district. Quantitative data were collected by interviews while qualitative data were collected by focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to characterize households’ income diversification strategies. Results show that agriculture has a leading contribution to the total income of households (88.89%) followed by non-farm (10.12%) and off-farm activities (0.99%). Furthermore, the results reveal that the mean diversity indexes increase from households engaged in housemaid activities (36.67) to households engaged in crop production (38320.00). The study, therefore, concludes that the agricultural sector alone cannot improve households’ income, ensure food security, and alleviate poverty in the study area. Thus, rural development policies and strategies should focus on promoting income-generating activities besides agricultural activities in rural areas to improve the overall wellbeing of the rural communities.

چکیده انگلیسی:

کشاورزی موتور محرکة کاهش فقر و عدم‌امنیت غذایی به شمار می‌رود. بااین‌حال، بخش کشاورزی ناتوان از پاسخ به نیاز روزافزون جمعیت روستایی به غذا بوده و تحت تاثیر ریسک‌های مختلف قرار گرفته است. با اینکه راهبردهای متنوع‌سازی درآمد مکمل تولید مزرعه‌ای زراعان است، اما گسترة منابع تنوع درآمدی خانوارها و عوامل مربوطه در ناحیة آگارفا هنوز به صورت تجربی شناسایی نشده‌اند. درنتیجه، در این مطالعه به دنبال ارزیابی راهبردهای تنوع درآمد و شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر انتخاب این راهبردها در میان خانوارهای روستایی این ناحیه بودیم. برای این منظور، 150 خانوار را با استفاده از تکنیک نمونه‌برداری تصادفی طبقه‌ای از سه بخش این ناحیه انتخاب کردیم. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌های کمّی از روش مصاحبه و برای جمع‌آوری داده‌های کیفی از روش بحث گروه متمرکز و مصاحبه با افراد مطلع استفاده کردیم. از آمار توصیفی و استنباطی نیز برای توصیف راهبردهای تنوع درآمدی بهره گرفته‌ایم. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که کشاورزی سهم اصلی را در درآمد کل خانواده‌ها دارد (89/88 درصد) و فعالیت‌های غیرمزرعه‌ای (12/10 درصد) و خارج از مزرعه (99/0 درصد) نیز در رده‌های بعدی قرار دارند. علاوه بر این، مشخص شد که میانگین شاخص‌های تنوع در خانوارهای درگیر در فعالیت‌های خانگی (67/36 ) کمتر از خانوارهای درگیر در تولید محصول (00/38320) است. بنابراین، نتیجه می‌گیریم که بخش کشاورزی به تنهایی قادر به افزایش درآمد خانوارها، تضمین امنیت غذایی و کاهش ففر در منطقة موردمطالعه نیست. بنابراین، در خط مشی‌ها و راهبردهای توسعه روستایی باید به موضوع ترویج فعالیت‌های درآمدزا در کنار فعالیت‌های کشاورزی در مناطق روستایی توجه بشود تا بتوان رفاه کلی جوامع روستایی را ارتقاء داد.

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