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Open Access Article
1 - The Effect of Foliar Application of Proline and Glycine-Betaine on Growth Indices, Proline Content and Enzymatic Activity of Aromatic Geranium (Pelargonium Graveolens) Under Low Water Stress
Majid Khodabakhsh Elham DanaeeBackground and Aim: Aromatic geranium is an ornamental perennial plant which its essential oil is used in perfumery, cosmetics, food and pharmaceutical industries. Water scarcity is one of the most important environmental stresses limiting plants’ growth and MoreBackground and Aim: Aromatic geranium is an ornamental perennial plant which its essential oil is used in perfumery, cosmetics, food and pharmaceutical industries. Water scarcity is one of the most important environmental stresses limiting plants’ growth and yield, which greatly impacts the morphophysiological, biochemical and enzymatic properties of plants and limits their development and survival. Using organic osmolytes such as proline and glycine-betaine increase the capacity and speed of photosynthesis, absorb ions such as magnesium and potassium, prevent the degradation of pigment-protein compounds, maintain plant pigments, strengthen the antioxidant system, and impact in inhibiting the adverse effects of water scarcity in plants. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the best substance and effective concentration improving the quality and aromatic geraniums flowering under water scarcity stress.Methods: Aromatic geranium cuttings were kept in commercial greenhouses with a temperature of about 17 to 20 Cᵒ, 60 to 70% relative humidity and light intensity of about 50 to 60 µm/m2S in Karaj city. Feeding with Hoagland solution was done once a week and in order to measure the soil moisture, the potting system was used, and irrigation was carried out based on the soil weight change according to the determined field capacity (FC). Foliar spraying with proline and glycine betaine (0, 50 and, 100 mg/l) was applied for a month after two weeks of placing the cuttings in pots and 24 hours of being at different levels of low scarcity stress (25, 50, 75 and, 100% field capacity), sequently. After completing the treatments, sampling and evaluating of traits such as fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, petals anthocyanin, total leaf chlorophyll, proline and activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymes were performed. The experiment was performed in 2019 as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized statistical design with two factors of applying water scarcity stress and spraying with proline and glycine-betaine and their interaction. Then, data were analyzed using SPSS, the means were compared with Duncan's multiple domain and graphs were drawn in Excel.Results: Data means comparison showed that the highest fresh and dry weight of shoots with 67.25 and 8.53 g and the highest fresh and dry weight of roots with 15.62 and 3.45 g were observed in 100% FC (control) and the lowest shoot fresh and dry weight with 44.76 and 4.45 g and the lowest fresh and dry weight of roots with 10.57 and 1.17 g, were in 25% FC treatment (without foliar application). Also, the highest and lowest petals anthocyanin with 2.8925 and 1.5775 mg/g FW and total leaf chlorophyll with 15.3735 and 11.1632 mg/g FW were in 100% FC (control) and 25% FC treatment (without foliar application). The highest and lowest proline levels were 3.84 and 1.67 mg/g of FW in 25% FC treatment (without foliar application) and 75% FC treatment + 100 mg/l of proline. The highest activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymes with 2.97 and 16.52 UE/g of FW in 75% FC + glycine-betaine 100 mg/l treatment and the lowest with 1.12 and 12.93 UE/g FW in 25% FC treatment (without foliar application), was obtained.Conclusion: The results demonstrate that the fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots decreased with increasing water scarcity stress, which this reduction was in 25% or more of field capacity and foliar application of plants with glycine betaine and proline inhibited the negative effects of stress at a concentration of 100 mg/l, both combinations were more visible. Petal anthocyanin and total leaf chlorophyll dropped with rising water scarcity stress and, treatment of plants with glycine betaine and proline had an effective role in ameliorating plant pigments. In addition, proline levels are increased by water scarcity stress. The highest enzyme activity was in 75% FC and with increasing water scarcity stress, enzyme activity reduced. Foliar application of plants with glycine betaine and 100 mg/l proline reduced the negative effect of water stress in 50 and 75% FC compared to 25% FC. Hence, according to the research results, the use of organic osmolytes such as glycine betaine and proline can be recommended to decrease the negative effects of water scarcity stress in ornamental plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Relationship between Laboratory Exposure to Crude Oil and Anti-oxidative Responses of Tetraclita Rufotincta Barnacles
Mojgan Emtyazjoo Lida Salimi Majid Zeinali Bahar SHahabi Maryam Ghasempour malekiIntroduction: Nowadays the destructive effects of oil pollutions that produced by different resourcesin waters and aquatic organisms have been defined with the intention of studying effects of crude oilin different concentration, on variations of anti-oxidant enzymes le MoreIntroduction: Nowadays the destructive effects of oil pollutions that produced by different resourcesin waters and aquatic organisms have been defined with the intention of studying effects of crude oilin different concentration, on variations of anti-oxidant enzymes level (SOD, CAT)in Tetraclitarufotincta and the possibility of introduce these enzymes as biomarkers.Metod: Barnacles Tetraclita rufotincta were sampled in Bahrekan region. Barnacles exposed to250ppb, 125ppb, 62.5ppb, 31.25ppb, 15.625ppb and 3ppb as a control, crude oil after 24,48,72 and 96h. 15 barnacles removed from aquarium in average. Animals were examined for levels of Antioxidantsenzymes (SOD, CAT) in their tissues.Results: this study detected that in aquarium 1, with 3ppb concentration, after 24,48,72 and 96 hSuperoxide dismutase(SOD) activities shown respectively 128/98, 30/04, 75/8, 62/05U/ml/mg protein.In aquarium 2 and 3, with 15.625ppb and 31.25ppb concentration, after the period mentioned,superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities shown respectively 104/45, 74/95, 13/57, 109U/ml/mg proteinand 69/96, 61/56, 60/5, 86/46 U/ml/mg protein. In aquarium 4 and 5, with 62.5ppb and 125ppbconcentration, after the mentioned period, Superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities shown respectively98/79, 193/9, 42/75, 124/77 U/ml/mg protein and 69/22, 40/08, 81/86, 59/95U/ml/mg protein and inaquarium 6, with 250ppb concentration, after the mentioned period, Superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities shown respectively 62/11, 87/1, 20/71, 93/47U/ml/mg protein.The results also detected that in aquarium 1, with 3ppb concentration, after 24,48,72 and 96 h Catalase(CAT) activities shown respectively 13/29, 15/31, 15/5, 16/25 U/ml/mg protein. In aquarium 2 and 3,with 15.625ppb and 31.25ppb concentration, after the mentioned period, Catalase (CAT) activitiesshown respectively 13/03, 16/74, 13/65, 13/61U/ml/mg protein and 11/46, 16/54, 15/7, 13/58U/ml/mgprotein. In aquarium 4 and 5, with 62.5ppb and 125ppb concentration, after the mentioned period,Catalase (CAT) activities shown respectively 18/74, 11/86, 11/91, 16/22U/ml/mg protein and 21/1,1- PhD, Asst. Prof., Biology Dept, Islamic Azad University, Iran2- PhD, Instructor, Environment Pollution, Islamic Azad University, Iran3- PhD, Researcher, Biochemistry Dept, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Iran4- Department of Iranian offshore Oil company5- M. Sc, Marin Biology Dept, Islamic Azad University, IranAbstracts of Articles in EnglishJ.Env. Sci. Tech., Vol 17, No.1, Spring 201520415/8, 15/04, 39/22U/ml/mg protein and in aquarium 6, with 250ppb concentration, after the mentionedperiod, Catalase (CAT) activities shown respectively 15/54, 18/8, 15/81, 15/97U/ml/mg protein.Conclusion: There was no correlation between Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and differentconcentrations of crude oil, during the animals exposed to crude oil. It also detected that CAT enzymeis sensitive parameter than SOD and that could be useful biomarker for the evaluation of contaminatedaquatic ecosystems in Tetraclita rufotincta barnacles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - اثر محلولپاشی بنزیلآدنین و تیامین در پیش از برداشت بر برخی صفات کمی، کیفی و رشد و گلدهی لیلیوم(Lilium spp.) رقم Freya
سید سعید میرحسینی الهام دانائی -
Open Access Article
4 - بررسی اثر محلولپاشی پیش از برداشت فنیلآلانین و سلنیوم بر گلدهی و استحکام ساقه آلسترومریا(Alestromeria spp.)
الهام دانائی محمدسعید ذوالفقاری -
Open Access Article
5 - اثر محلولپاشی اسیدسالیسیلیک در شرایط شوری ناشی از نمک Nacl بر برخی صفات مورفولوژیک، فیزیولوژیک و رشد گیاه نعناع فلفلی(Mentha piperita)
ناصر سادات علی رضا لادن مقدم -
Open Access Article
6 - اثر بسترهای مختلف کشت بر خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی، رشد و گلدهی داوودی(Chrysanthemum)
تقی برغمدی علی رضا لادن مقدم -
Open Access Article
7 - ارزیابی اثر پرولین و گلایسینبتائین بر برخی خصوصیات مورفوفیزیولوژیک، آنزیمی، رشد و گلدهی شمعدانی(Pelargonium spp.) تحت تنش خشکی
مجید خدابخش الهام دانائی -
Open Access Article
8 - بررسی تغییرات برخی خصوصیات مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک آویشن شیرازی(Zataria multiflora) با کاربرد اسیدهیومیک و اسیدفولویک
علیرضا حسیبی -
Open Access Article
9 - اثر محلولپاشی نانوکلات پتاسیم، سلنیوم و کلسیم بر خصوصیات کمی، کیفی، رشد و گلدهی جعفری آفریقایی (Tagetes erecta)
ناصر علیپور الهام دانائی -
Open Access Article
10 - The effect of zinc-methionine supplementation on antioxidant status and expression of interleukin-4 and interleukin-6 genes in female rats under heat stress
Matin Jamei Ali Asghar Sadeghi Mohammad ChamaniIntroduction:During heat stress, the animal body requires more antioxidant compounds and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Zinc plays a role in the structure and activity of antioxidant enzymes. One of the ways to supply the zinc requirement, is to use organic zinc suppl MoreIntroduction:During heat stress, the animal body requires more antioxidant compounds and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Zinc plays a role in the structure and activity of antioxidant enzymes. One of the ways to supply the zinc requirement, is to use organic zinc supplements, which zinc combined with methionine, and have more intestinal absorption Aim: This study was done to evaluate the effects of different doses of zinc-methionine supplementation on the blood antioxidant status and the expression of interleukin 4 and 6 genes in rats exposed to heat stress.Materials and methods: In a completely random design, 20 female rats were divided into four treatment groups with five replicates. Rats were kept at a temperature of 31±2 °C for 20 hours and at a temperature of 38±2 °C for 4 hours per day (to create heat stress). The rats in the control group were fed standard pellets without additives, and the three experimental groups were fed standard pellets plus 15, 30 and 45 mg zinc-methionine supplement per kilogram of dry matter for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, a blood sample was collected from the inferior vena cava. Total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde concentration, antioxidant enzymes, liver enzymes in the serum and the expression of interleukin-4 and interleukin-6 genes were measured.Results: Serum zinc concentration increased linearly with increasing zinc dose in the diet (P<0.05). The serum activity of two enzymes, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase decreased linearly with increasing zinc-methionine dose in the diet (P<0.01). The highest activity of glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase was observed in the group receiving 30 mg/kg, and the lowest activity of these enzymes was observed in the control group. In general, the relative expression of the interleukin-4 gene was increased, and the relative expression of the interleukin-6 gene was decreased (P<0.05). The highest expression of interleukin-4 gene belonged to the group receiving 30 mg, and the highest relative expression of interleukin-6 gene belonged to the control group and the group receiving 15 mg/kg.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the dose of up to 30 mg of zinc-methionine per kg of diet used in this study increases the activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity, decreases the activity of liver enzymes in the serum, increases the expression of the anti-inflammatory gene (Interleukin-4) and decreases the expression of inflammatory gene (Interleukin-6), which indicates the reduction of oxidative stress and the reduction of the effects of heat stress in the body of the rat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The Effect of Biochar and Humic Acid Rates on some Phophysiological Characteristics and Grain Yield SC704 Corn (Zea mays L.) Hybrid Under Water Deficit stress
Armaghan Charkhab Many Mojaddam Shahram Lack Tayyeb Sakinejad Mohammad Reza DadniaTo evaluate the effect of different rates of biochar and humic acid applications on physiological characteristics and grain yield of single cross 704 hybrid corn under water deficit stress, a split split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with t MoreTo evaluate the effect of different rates of biochar and humic acid applications on physiological characteristics and grain yield of single cross 704 hybrid corn under water deficit stress, a split split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications, was conducted during two years (2017-19) at Ahvaz. The main plot devoted to water deficit stress, with three levels irrigation (after depleting 30, 40, and 50% of field capacity as optimum irrigation, moderate stress, and severe stress, respectively) and sub-plot to biochar with 2 levels, non-application of biochar (control) and application of 4 tons per hectare of biochar, and the sub-sub plots to humic acid with 4 levels non-application of humic acid (control), and application of 2, 4, and 6 liters per hectare of humic acid. The results showed that the interaction effect of water shortage by biochar stress and water shortage by humic acid stress on grain yield, 1000-grain weight, number of grains per ear, superoxide dismutase, chlorophyll index and catalase were significant at 1% probability level. Under severe stress conditions grain yield (36.54%), number of grain per ear (36%) and leaf area index (30.36%) decreased and activity of superoxide dismutase (37.7%) increased. Acidic acid had a significant effect on all traits under study. The highest grain yield (8995.18 kg.ha-1) was related to irrigation treatment after 40% depletion of field capacity and application of 4 tons per hectare of biochar. Based the results obtained application of 4 liters per hectare of humic acid under moderate moisture stress conditions, could be recommended in arid and semi-arid conditions to save water consumption and reduce the effects of water deficit stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Antioxidant effect of pistachio peel extract and aerobic exercise on superoxide dismutase, catalase and malondialdehyde in the latissimus dorsi muscle of overweight Wistar rats
Mohsen Sahebi Mohamad ali Azarbayjani Maqsood PiriAim: The objective of this study was to detect the antioxidant effect of pistachio green hull extract and aerobic exercise on superoxide dismutase, catalase, and malondialdehyde in the external vastus muscle of overweight Wistar rats.Method: This study is in the categor MoreAim: The objective of this study was to detect the antioxidant effect of pistachio green hull extract and aerobic exercise on superoxide dismutase, catalase, and malondialdehyde in the external vastus muscle of overweight Wistar rats.Method: This study is in the category of interventional studies and is included in the category of experimental studies. In this study, 30 Wistar (female) rats with an age range of 12-13 weeks and a weight range of 180 to 200 grams were present. The samples are in 5 groups including: 1- control group (Con), obese control group (OB-Con), obese group and aerobic exercise (OB-AT), obese group and pistachio skin extract (OB-PGH), obese group and Pistachio green hull extract and aerobic exercise (OB-PGH-AT) were divided.Findings: Exercise had a significant effect on muscle dismutase superoxide concentration (F=10.61, P=0.004, ƞ=0.347). But receiving pistachio skin extract had no significant effect on muscle dismutase suboxide concentration (F=2.42, P=0.135, ƞ =0.108). The interaction between exercise and pistachio skin extract had no significant effect on muscle dismutase suboxide concentration (F=0.75, P=0.396, ƞ=0.036). Exercise had a significant effect on catalase concentration (F=160.98, P=0.001, ƞ=0.889). Taking pistachio skin extract also had a significant effect on muscle catalase concentration (F=5.04, P=0.036, ƞ=0.201). But the interaction between exercise and pistachio skin extract had no significant effect on muscle catalase concentration (F=1.84, P=0.190, ƞ=0.084). Exercise had a significant effect on muscle malondialdehyde concentration (F=57.66, P=0.001, ƞ=0.742). Taking pistachio skin extract also had a significant effect on muscle malondialdehyde concentration (F=80.29, P=0.001, ƞ=0.801). However, the interaction between exercise and pistachio skin extract had no significant effect on muscle malondialdehyde concentration (F=0.004, P=0.949, ƞ=0.001).Conclusion: In addition, adding PGH supplements to aerobic exercise can reduce oxidative damage and increase the antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase. Induction of obesity increases inflammatory markers and oxidative stress in muscle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Effect of salicylic acid application on some physiological characteristics and essential oil production of lemon verbena (Lippia citrodora L.) under salinity stress
Mohammad Moghaddam Leila Mehdizade Sara FarsariThe aim of this research was to study the effect of salicylic acid (SA) usage on some physiological characteristics and essential oil production of lemon verbena (Lippia citrodora L.) under salinity stress. For this purpose, a pot factorial experiment was performed base MoreThe aim of this research was to study the effect of salicylic acid (SA) usage on some physiological characteristics and essential oil production of lemon verbena (Lippia citrodora L.) under salinity stress. For this purpose, a pot factorial experiment was performed based on a completely randomized design with 4 salinity levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl), 4 SA levels (0, 150, 300 and 450 mg/L) and three replications. The measured traits included total soluble protein, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide, glycine betaine, some antioxidant enzyme activities, and essential oil production. The interaction effect of the treatments on all of the studied traits were significant at 1% P value. The results showed that the highest amount of total soluble protein, MDA, hydrogen peroxide, glycine betaine, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were observed at 150 mM salinity level and application of SA at 300 mg/L causes to decrease total soluble protein and glycine betaine, and 150 mg/L of SA causes to decrease MDA. But application of this plant growth regulator had no significant effect on hydrogen peroxide. Also, the results showed that catalase enzyme activity and essential oil content at the highest salinity level (150 mM) reached to the lowest amounts. In total, the results of this study indicated that the SA application especially at 300 mg/L causes to improve the studied traits in this experiment and its usage under stress conditions is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Study of Differential Responses of Anti Oxidative Enzymes of Two Sensitive and Tolerant Cultivars of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to Salt Stress
فائزه Ghanati, الهام Nayyeri Torshizi,In this article the effects of salt stress on the activity of antioxidative anzymes and lipid peroxidation were studied in shoots and roots of two cultivars of wheat. The cultivar Mahooti and Alamoot were selected as salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive, respectively. The p MoreIn this article the effects of salt stress on the activity of antioxidative anzymes and lipid peroxidation were studied in shoots and roots of two cultivars of wheat. The cultivar Mahooti and Alamoot were selected as salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive, respectively. The plants were treated for 24, 48, 96 hours. Mostly salt stress increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in treated plants. Also, the increase in level of CAT activity in roots was more pronounced in the salt-tolerant than in the salt-stress that is indicated the role of CAT for tolerance in Mahooti. The increase in activity of these enzymes during 24 hours of treatment with NaCl in salt-tolerant plants were more than in salt-sensitive plants. Lipid peroxidation had a little increase in treated plants, compared to those of the control ones. Salt stress had no significant effect on accumulation of Na+ in two cultivars. The results indicated that the oxidative stress play an important role in the activity of different enzymes in salt-stress and salt-tolerant plants. Also, rate of enzyme activities showed some flactuations, which suggest the cooperation of antioxidant enzymes with each other corresponding to different times and different stages of the growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - The effect of water stress on various of growth and proline, catalase, SOD in sesbania aculeata
مظفر Kamrani آرین Sateei عباسعلی NouriniaIn this study, effects of dry stress on growth parameters, proline content, glycine betaine, catalase, proxidase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were investigated in Sesbania aculeate L. This study was carried out fewer than 7 potting conditions on 7 treatments. Growth MoreIn this study, effects of dry stress on growth parameters, proline content, glycine betaine, catalase, proxidase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were investigated in Sesbania aculeate L. This study was carried out fewer than 7 potting conditions on 7 treatments. Growth parameters such as number of leaves, area leaf, length of shoots, and number of shoots were measured during 4 stage of growth. Results indicated that increase in drought stress caused many effects on morphology and enzymes activities also decrease on growth, number of leaves, leaf area and increase in growth of root rather than shoot. Drought stress did not caused significant difference in the number of shoots. Increase in drought stress also lead to increase in glycine betaine (GB), and proline content in root and leaf. Increase in proline and GB content in leaf was higher than root. Drought stress also caused increase in catalase activity in root and leaves, and more stress also lead to more activity. Drought caused increase in peroxidase activity in leaves and root, but increases in this activity by increasing stress were only observed for root. Superoxide dismutase activity in leaves was not affected significantly by drought stress, but increased in root, by increase in stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - روشهای مختلف کاربرد پلی آمینها(پوتریسین، اسپرمین، اسپرمیدین) بر برخی خصوصیات مورفولوژیک، فیزیولوژیک، آنزیمی و عمر پس از برداشت گل رز رقم dolcevita
الهام دانایی وحید عبدوسیبه منظور مطالعه روشهای مختلف کاربرد پلی آمینها(پوتریسین، اسپرمین، اسپرمیدین) بر برخی خصوصیات مورفولوژیک، فیزیولوژیک، آنزیمی و عمر پس از برداشت گل رز رقم Dolce Vita، آزمایشی به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح آماری کاملاً تصادفی با 32 تیمار، 3 تکرار و هر تکرار حاوی 5 Moreبه منظور مطالعه روشهای مختلف کاربرد پلی آمینها(پوتریسین، اسپرمین، اسپرمیدین) بر برخی خصوصیات مورفولوژیک، فیزیولوژیک، آنزیمی و عمر پس از برداشت گل رز رقم Dolce Vita، آزمایشی به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح آماری کاملاً تصادفی با 32 تیمار، 3 تکرار و هر تکرار حاوی 5 گلدان، در مجموع 480 گلدان اجرا شد. عامل اول پوتریسین، اسپرمین، اسپرمیدین با سطوح صفر، 50 ، 100 میلیگرم در لیتر و عامل دوم روش کاربرد ترکیبات بود. نانو ذرات نقره(3 میلیگرم بر لیتر) به همراه ساکارز 3% و آب مقطر به عنوان شاهد بکاررفتند. در روش اول دو هفته پیش از برداشت، گلها با سطوح مختلفی از پلی آمینها محلولپاشی شدند و سپس گلها برداشت و در آزمایشگاه در نانو ذرات نقره به همراه ساکارز(محلول نگهدارنده) تا پایان عمر ماندگاری قرارگرفتند. در روش دوم گلها پس از برداشت، با همان غلظت از پلی آمینها محلولپاشی شدند و سپس به محلول نگهدارنده تا پایان عمر ماندگاری انتقال یافتند. در روش سوم تیمار کوتاه مدت(24 ساعت) گلها پس از برداشت، با همان غلظت از پلی آمینها انجام و سپس گلها به محلول نگهدارنده تا پایان عمر ماندگاری منتقل شدند. در روش چهارم تیمار بلند مدت گلها پس از برداشت، با همان غلظت از پلی آمینها تا پایان عمر ماندگاری انجام شد. صفاتی مانند وزن تر نسبی، شاخص ثبات غشاء سلول، آنتوسیانین گلبرگ، کلروفیل کل برگ، پروتئین، فعالیت آنزیمهای فنیلآلانین آمونیالیاز و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز و عمر پس از برداشت گلها ارزیابی گردید. تیمار Spm100ppm در روش محلولپاشی پیش از برداشت بیشترین میزان پروتئین، فعالیت آنزیمهای فنیلآلانین آمونیالیاز و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز را داشت. لذا با توجه به نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش میتوان روش محلولپاشی پیش از برداشت پلی آمینها را به عنوان بهترین روش جهت بهبود دوام عمر گل رز رقم Dolce Vita توصیه نمود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - تاثیر سایتوکینین و تنش شوری بر ویژگیهای گلدهی و بیوشیمیایی یاسمن زمستانه
معصومه فاضلی داوود نادری هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثرات سطوح مختلف تنش شوری و محلول­پاشی 6-بنزیل آمینوپورین (بنزیل آدنین) بر ویژگیهای مورفولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی یاسمن زمستانه بود. بنابراین آزمایشی در سالهای 96-1395 در مرکز تحقیقات گلخانهای دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان) انج More هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثرات سطوح مختلف تنش شوری و محلول­پاشی 6-بنزیل آمینوپورین (بنزیل آدنین) بر ویژگیهای مورفولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی یاسمن زمستانه بود. بنابراین آزمایشی در سالهای 96-1395 در مرکز تحقیقات گلخانهای دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان) انجام شد. این آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل بر اساس طرح کاملا تصادفی با چهار سطح تنش شوری (2، 4، 6 و 8 دسیزیمنس بر متر) بهعنوان عامل اول و سطوح مختلف بنزیلآدنین (کنترل (عدم کاربرد)، 25 و 50 میلیگرم در لیتر) به عنوان عامل دوم در 3 تکرار (مجموع 36 واحد آزمایش) انجام شد. صفاتی مانند وزن تر و خشک وزن گل، تعداد گل، درصد کلروفیل a، b، کل، کاروتنوئید و آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز گیاه یاسمن زمستانه مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که سطوح شوری و بنزیلآدنین تاثیر معنیداری بر تمام صفات داشت. نتایج نشان داد که فعالیت آنزیم سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز در شوری هشت دسیزیمنس بر متر بهطور معنیداری از فعالیت این آنزیم در تیمار دو دسیزیمنس بر متر بیشتر بود و بالاترین فعالیت آن در تیمار هشت دسیزیمنس بر متر مشاهده شد. از سوی دیگر، در بررسی اثرات استفاده از بنزیلآدنین، مشاهده شد که این تیمار اثرات مثبتی بر تمام صفات مورد بررسی دارد و اثرات آن­ها وابسته به غلظت است. در پایان میتوان گفت، با وجودی که تنش شوری اثر منفی بر یاسمن زمستانه داشت، تیمار بنزیلآدنین اثرات منفی تنش شوری را کاهش داده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - اثرات 1- متیلسیکلوپروپن و اتیلن بر فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتیاکسیدانت و صفات فیزیولوژیکی – بیوشیمیایی گل شاخه بریده میخک رقم ‘Fortune’
اعظم رنجبر نورالله احمدی ملیحه افتخاریگل میخک (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) از مهمترین گلهای شاخهبریده در سراسر دنیا محسوب میشود. بیشتر ارقام میخک حساس به اتیلن بوده و پس از برداشت دچار تغییرات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی متعددی میشوند. امروزه استفاده از مواد بازدارنده بیوسنتز و عمل اتیلن جهت حفظ کیفیت و افزا Moreگل میخک (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) از مهمترین گلهای شاخهبریده در سراسر دنیا محسوب میشود. بیشتر ارقام میخک حساس به اتیلن بوده و پس از برداشت دچار تغییرات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی متعددی میشوند. امروزه استفاده از مواد بازدارنده بیوسنتز و عمل اتیلن جهت حفظ کیفیت و افزایش عمر پس از برداشت محصولات اهمیت خاصی دارند. در این تحقیق به منظور بررسی اثر تیمار 1- متیلسیکلوپروپن و اتیلن روی حفظ کیفیت و افزایش عمر گلجای گلهای شاخه بریده میخک رقم ʼفورچونʻ آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. ابتدا گلهای شاخهبریده با چهار سطح صفر، نیم، یک و یک و نیم میکرو لیتر بر لیتر 1- متیلسیکلوپروپن به مدت 24 ساعت تیمار شدند و سپس به مدت 16 ساعت در معرض غلظت یک میکرو لیتر بر لیتر اتیلن قرار گرفتند.تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها با استفاده از نرمافزار آماری MSTATC و مقایسه میانگینها بر اساس آزمون LSD در سطوح احتمال یک درصد انجام شد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که تیمار 1- متیلسیکلوپروپن اثر معنیداری بر روی صفت عمر گلجایی و همچنین صفات بیوشیمیایی از جمله میزان کلروفیل برگ، میزان آنتوسیانین گلبرگ، ثبات غشا گلبرگ و میزان فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتیاکسیدانت از جمله کاتالاز، پراکسیداز و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز داشت. بالاترین عمر گلجایی و بیشترین ثبات غشا مربوط به تیمار یک و نیم میکرو لیتر بر لیتر 1- متیلسیکلوپروپن بود که بر اساس آزمون LSD تفاوت معنیداری در سطح یک درصد با تیمار شاهد و غلظت نیم میکرو لیتر بر لیتر 1- متیلسیکلوپروپن داشت، اگرچه با تیمار یک میکرولیتر بر لیتر 1- متیلسیکلوپروپن دارای تفاوت معنیداری از لحاظ آماری نبود. بیشترین مقدار کلروفیل و آنتوسیانین در تیمار 5/1 میکرو لیتر بر لیتر1 - متیلسیکلوپروپن بدست آمد که اختلاف معنیداری در سطح احتمال 1 درصد با سایر تیمارها نشان داد. همچنین بیشترین و کمترین فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز و پراکسیداز به ترتیب مربوط به تیمار 1- متیلسیکلوپروپن با غلظت یک میکرو لیتر بر لیتر و تیمار شاهد بود، بیشترین و کمترین فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز به ترتیب در تیمارهای 1- متیلسیکلوپروپن با غلظت یک و نیم میکرو لیتر بر لیتر و تیمار شاهد مشاهده شد. درنتیجه، کاربرد 1- متیلسیکلوپروپن شروع علایم پیری را به تاخیر انداخته و باعث افزایش عمر گلجایی گلهای شاخه بریده میخک ’فورچون‘ شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Studying the effect of irrigation regimes and superabsorbent levels on the antioxidant enzymes on the relative permeability of cell membranes in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)
mansour fazeli rostampour مسعود فاضلی رستم پورIn order to evaluate the effect of irrigation regimes and superabsorbent polymer (SAP) on amount of antioxidant enzymes, leaf relative water content and relationships between them with relative permeability of cell membranes in sorghum, the experiment was conducted in D MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of irrigation regimes and superabsorbent polymer (SAP) on amount of antioxidant enzymes, leaf relative water content and relationships between them with relative permeability of cell membranes in sorghum, the experiment was conducted in Dashtak region of Zahedan during 2013 and 2014 seasons. The experimental design was a split plot with two factors including four irrigation regimes )40, 60, 80 and 100% crop evapotranspiration( as main plots, four amounts of SAP )0, 75, 150 and 225 kg ha-1( as subplots in a completely randomized block design with three replications. The results indicated that the effect of irrigation regimes, SAP levels and interaction effects of two factors were significant. The regression models estimated for superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and RPCM showed that showed that by increasing the amount of irrigation and SAP, the traits were decreased. In addition, by decreasing in leaf relative water content, the antioxidant enzymes and relative permeability of cell membranes increased. The experiment findings indicate that at the application 75 kg ha-1 SAP and supplying 80% of sorghum water requirement, the relative permeability of cell membranes was 59.83, that was similar to 100% irrigation along with the application 150 and 225 kg ha-1 SAP. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Effects of drought stress on biomass, enzyme activity and proline content of Ziziphus spina-christi leaf and root at nursery condition
J. MirzaeiIn this study the biomass, proline content and enzyme activity of root and leaf ofZiziphus spina-christiseedlings under drought stress were studied in nursery conditions. For this purpose, the seedlings of Z. spina-christi were exposed to four levels of drought stress ( MoreIn this study the biomass, proline content and enzyme activity of root and leaf ofZiziphus spina-christiseedlings under drought stress were studied in nursery conditions. For this purpose, the seedlings of Z. spina-christi were exposed to four levels of drought stress (25%, 50%, 75% and 100% field capacity) in nursery of Mehran city, Ilam with sub-tropical climate for 9 months. Finaly, survival, fresh and dry weight of root and shoot, proline content and activity of Catalase, Peroxidase and Superoxid-Dismutase enzymes of Z. spina-christiseedlings were measured. The results showed that drought stress decreased the survival, fresh and dry weight of shoot, root, root fresh weight and root volume. Also, drought stress increased Peroxidase and Superoxide-dismutase enzyme activities of seedling shoots. The free proline content of shoot in seedlings subjected to drought stress was higher than other treatments, but it affected proline content of roots. This study revealed that despite the drought resistance of Z. spina-christiseedlings, the biomass decreased and activity of peroxidase, superoxide-dismutase enzymes and proline content increased under drought stress condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The effect of lead and copper on some physiological traits in plant species of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus (
Mahtab Beladi Ali Kashani Davoud Habibi Farzad Pak nezhad Mahya GolshanSome plant species are tolerant to environmental adverse conditions so that with their functional mechanisms prevent more production of free radicals of oxygen or counter with produced free radicals of oxygen. This study was done to investigate the effect of lead and co MoreSome plant species are tolerant to environmental adverse conditions so that with their functional mechanisms prevent more production of free radicals of oxygen or counter with produced free radicals of oxygen. This study was done to investigate the effect of lead and copper on Lathyrus sativus in contaminated soils with these elements. To evaluate and recognize the study species ability against heavy metals lead and copper an experiment was carried out on Lathyrus sativus cultivar Zanjan in 2009. The experiment was carried out factorially as randomized complete design with four levels of lead Pb (NO3)2 (0, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg) and four levels of copper Cu (So4)2 (0, 150, 300, 450 mg/kg) were used.Although the results suggested the decrease in total chlorophyll content and lipid membrane under the toxicity of lead and copper, the more activity of the enzyme Superoxide dismutase (SOD) along with the increase in the levels of lead and copper in thid species prevented the more production of free radicals of oxygen in the study species, so that a negative coloration was observed between chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll and the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD). Also the coloration between Malondialdehyde (MDA) which is a means for measuring the lipid per oxidation process, and the enzyme Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was positive that means the increase in this biomarker content which is a sign of more production of oxygen for lipid membrane destruction, was accomplished with the more activity of enzyme Superoxide dismutase (SOD) for more digestion and elimination of destructive oxygen. Also the water condition in leaf tissues (RWC) was not effective by these elements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The effect of superabsorbent polymer role on quantitative and qualitative traits on wheat in soils contaminated with nickel
hadi Zarei Hamid Reza Tohidi Moghadam farshad GhooshchiIn order to study effect of super absorbent polymer application to mitigate adverse effects of nickel (Ni), a greenhouse experiment was conductedin Varamin, Iran during the growing season of 2016 in wheat. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design, MoreIn order to study effect of super absorbent polymer application to mitigate adverse effects of nickel (Ni), a greenhouse experiment was conductedin Varamin, Iran during the growing season of 2016 in wheat. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design, with treatments arranged in a factorial scheme with three levels of nickel (0, 60 and 120 mg per kg of soil) by three levels super absorbent polymer application (with out super absorbent polymer application (Control), 2 and 4 g per kg of soil), with three replicates. The results showed that nickel treatment significantly for all experimental traits. The nickel contamination caused a significant decreased plant height, total dry weight per plant and root dry weight per plant at by 8.51%, 31.52 and 56.06% respectively to control, Whereas, increased proline content, superoxide dismutase enzyme activity and the accumulation of nickel in leaves. Also the results showed that super absorbent polymer application increased plant height, total dry weight per plant and root dry weight per plant whereas, decreased proline content, superoxide dismutase enzyme activityand the accumulation of nickel in leaves. Generally the results of the present study indicate that super absorbent polymer application reduces the harmful effects of nickel stress and super absorbent polymer application treatment decreased oxidative stress in wheat plant Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Effect of foliar application of ascorbic acid (vitamin c) and irrigation withholding in different growth stages on quantitative and qualitative characteristics and some biochemical's changes in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Malahat Davoodi Mackinejad Hamid Reza Tohidi Moghadam Nabi-Alah NematiIn order to study the effects of water deficit stress and foliar application of ascorbic acid, an experiment was conducted in research field of Islamic Azad University, Varamin Branch in Iran during 2012 growing season. The experimental design was laid out in a randomiz MoreIn order to study the effects of water deficit stress and foliar application of ascorbic acid, an experiment was conducted in research field of Islamic Azad University, Varamin Branch in Iran during 2012 growing season. The experimental design was laid out in a randomized complete block design with a split plots arrangement in three replications. Main plots included four different levels of irrigation (complete irrigation, irrigation withholding at 8-leaf stage, irrigation withholding at grain filling stage and irrigation withholding at both 8-leaf and grain filling stages) and three different concentration of Ascorbic Acid foliar application (0, 100 and 200 ppm) was allocated to subplots. The results showed that irrigation withholding conditions in different growth stages significantly decreased seed yield, biological yield, harvest index, oil and protein percentage, oil and protein yield and total chlorophyll content but by contrast increased proline content and superoxide dismutase activity in leaves. Foliar application of ascorbic acid as antioxidant enzyme could increased quantitative and qualitative yield and chlorophyll content and decreased proline and superoxide dismutase activity in leaves by reduction of water deficit stress. Foliar application of Ascorbic Acid with 200 ppm under irrigation withholding at both 8-leaf and grain filling stages increased 38/46% yield seed compared with treatment that foliar application without Ascorbic Acid. In addition, Ascorbic Acid foliar application reduced the harmful effects of water deficit stress as antioxidant and improved growth conditions for water deficit stress. Manuscript profile
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