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Open Access Article
1 - Investigating the Effects of Salinity Stress Caused By Different Levels of Sodium Chloride (Nacl) and Potassium Chloride (Kcl) On the Growth and Quality of Sport Turfgrass
Elham Danaee Amir DoostmohamadiBackground and Aim: Grass is one of the most important cover plants in most green spaces, and considering that Iran is considered one of the dry and semi-arid regions of the world, water and soil salinity affects the growth of plants, as a result, using salt-resistant g MoreBackground and Aim: Grass is one of the most important cover plants in most green spaces, and considering that Iran is considered one of the dry and semi-arid regions of the world, water and soil salinity affects the growth of plants, as a result, using salt-resistant grass is one of the solutions to create green space in these areas. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the salinity tolerance of sport turfgrass caused by sodium chloride and potassium chloride salts. Method: In April, sports grass seeds were planted in an area located in Karaj province in the form of a r randomized complete block design with three replications in plots of 2 m2 (1 x 2 m2) and were cultivated with a density of 40 g m-2. The experimental treatments included sodium chloride and potassium chloride salts with concentrations of zero, 25, 50 and 75 mg l-1. After about 5 weeks of planting the seeds, salt stress was applied for one month through irrigation with salts twice a week and each time with 12 liter of salt solution and then sampling was done to evaluate fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, total chlorophyll, proline, protein and activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymes. Results: Data analysis showed that the treatments had a significant effect on the assessed traits. The highest fresh and dry weight of shoots (3.85-4.87 g) and roots (1.46-23.2 g) and total chlorophyll (16.96 mg g-1) were observed in the control, while the highest protein (3.73 μg mg-1) and activity of superoxide dismutase (4.62 enzyme units g-1) and peroxidase (4.12 enzyme units g-1) in 75 mg l-1 sodium chloride treatment and the highest proline content (12/ 8 mg g-1) was observed in 75 mg l-1 potassium chloride treatment, also the lowest fresh and dry weight of aerial parts (2.12-3.08 g) and total chlorophyll (12.53 mg g-1) in 75 mg l-1 potassium chloride treatment and the lowest fresh and dry weight of roots (0.59-0.96 g) were obtained in 75 mg l-1 sodium chloride treatment, and the lowest content of proline (4.48 mg g-1), protein (2.48 μg mg-1) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (3.00 enzyme units g-1) and peroxidase (2.93 enzyme units g-1) were in the control. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, sport turfgrass was able to tolerate stress conditions in 25 and 50 mg l-1 salt stress to some extent by increasing compounds such as proline, protein and antioxidant enzyme activity, but increasing the concentration of salts used, especially potassium chloride salt (75 mg l-1) had the greatest effect in reducing the vegetative traits and increasing the enzyme activity of sport turfgrass. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Wheat Response (Triticum aestivum L.) to Selenium under Normal Irrigation and Water Deficit Conditions
Mohammad Reza DadniaTo evaluate the effect of selenium (from sodium selenate) on increasing efficiency at water deficit condition a research was conducted in Karaj 1 wheat cultivar in 2014-2015 cropping year with split plot based on completely randomize block design with four replications MoreTo evaluate the effect of selenium (from sodium selenate) on increasing efficiency at water deficit condition a research was conducted in Karaj 1 wheat cultivar in 2014-2015 cropping year with split plot based on completely randomize block design with four replications in Karaj. Irrigation treatments with two levels, normal (I1) and interruption of irrigation at mid flowering (110 days after planting) (I2), which were assigned to main plots and selenium foliar application with six concentrations: 0 (S0), 5 (3.12 micro g.) (S1), 10 (6.24 micro g.) (S2), 15 (9.36 micro g.) (S3), 20 (12.5 micro g.) (S4) and 25 (15.62 micro g,) of sodium selenate per plant (S5) g.ha-1 to sub plots. The results showed that water deficit increased the rate of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde marker. Foliar application of selenium, increased contents of antioxidant (anti oxidation) enzymes under stress condition and was maximum in 20 g. selenium per ha-1. Content of malondialdehyde was decreased and caused significant increase in grain yield. Increasing antioxidants and reduction of malondialdehyde at normal condition was lower. On the other hand, negative effect of malondialdehyde on yield components, cellular membrane stability and antioxidant enzymes at humidity stress condition was higher than normal condition. Significant increase of cytoplasmic membrane stability, grain yield, grain weight and selenium content of seed was obtained when 15 and 20 g. selenium ha-1 were used as compared with those of higher and lower rates of selenium usage under water deficit and normal irrigation. Suppression of free oxygen radicals, and enzyme induction defense mechanisms against oxidative damage has been effective. Therefore, use of exogenous compounds such as selenium may increase the antioxidant capacity of plant against stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Effect of Humic Acid on Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes and Yield of Castor Bean (Ricinus commonis) under Water Deficit Condition
Mohammad Reza DadniaTo evaluate the effect of humic acid on activity of antioxidant enzymes in castor bean a split plot experiment based on completely randomize block design with four replications was carried out at Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch in 2014. Treatments were irrigation MoreTo evaluate the effect of humic acid on activity of antioxidant enzymes in castor bean a split plot experiment based on completely randomize block design with four replications was carried out at Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch in 2014. Treatments were irrigation with three levels [irrigation at 80% of field capacity (S1) (normal), irrigation at 65% of field capacity (S2) (mid stress) and irrigation at 50% of field capacity (S3) (high stress)] assigned to main plots and humic acid with four levels (without foliar application, one time, twice and three times foliar application) to sub plots. In this study traits like seed yield, 100 seed weight and antioxidant enzymes were estimated. The results showed that the effect of humic acid was significant at 1% level on 100 seed weight and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Mean comparisons indicate that foliar application of humic acid could compensate relative effect of water deficit. It was also revealed that the rate of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase were increased with three times of humic acid foliar applications by 38.8, 34.75 and 37.88 percent under mid stress drought and 26.63, 41.15 and 43.14 percents under high stress drought as compared to control, respectively. Overall, it can be said that use of humic acid have different physiological effects. Humic acid not only increases seed yield of castor bean it also have a positive role in reducing water deficit effects and increasing activity of antioxidant enzymes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - اثر پرایمینگ بر فعالیت و بیان ژنهای آنزیمهای آنتی اکسیدانت در بذرهای فرسوده برنج
حمیده علیدوست محمد صدقی رئوف سید شریفی طیبه سعادت -
Open Access Article
5 - Study of protein pattern, antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of cadmium in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) treated with cadmium and salicylic acid
Sakineh MoradkhaniIn order to investigate the interaction effects of cadmium as a heavy metal and salicylic acid as an antioxidant and anti-stress substance on sunflower plants, sunflower seeds were washed with distilled water after disinfection with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution and w MoreIn order to investigate the interaction effects of cadmium as a heavy metal and salicylic acid as an antioxidant and anti-stress substance on sunflower plants, sunflower seeds were washed with distilled water after disinfection with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution and were planted in pots containing sandy soil in a growth chamber with a temperature of 34 ℃ during the day and 25 ℃ at night, and 16/8 hours of light/dark photoperiod. This research was performed as a factorial completely randomized design with four replications under greenhouse conditions. Sunflower plants were exposed to cadmium chloride treatment (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 µM) at two-leaf stage on a weekly basis. One week after cadmium treatment, plant leaves were sprayed with salicylic acid (0, 250 and 500 µM). After harvesting the plants, cadmium concentrations in roots and shoots were measured. Then, antioxidant enzymes were assayed. Total protein content of leaf samples was extracted and the pattern of leaf protein changes was investigated by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Cadmium concentration in roots and shoots increased with increasing cadmium and salicylic acid treatment. Catalase enzyme activity decreased with increasing cadmium concentration, and salicylic acid had a very small effect on its activity. The activity of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase enzymes increased with increasing cadmium concentration while increasing salicylic acid concentration reduced the activity of these enzymes. Leaf protein electrophoresis under cadmium and salicylic acid treatments showed differences in leaf protein intensity compared with control plants. The expression of some proteins was increased or decreased in the treated plants. Therefore, cadmium and salicylic acid treatments made changes in the amount of cadmium uptake, antioxidant enzymes activity, and the pattern of sunflower leaf proteins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The study Effect of teratments salicylic acid and selenium on physiological and agronomic characteristics of safflower in drought stress conditions
saedeh rashidyIn order to investigate the effect of salicylic acid and selenium foliar application on physiological characteristics and yield and yield components of safflower under drought stress conditions, an experiment was conducted as split plots based on randomized complete blo MoreIn order to investigate the effect of salicylic acid and selenium foliar application on physiological characteristics and yield and yield components of safflower under drought stress conditions, an experiment was conducted as split plots based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The main factor included irrigation in three levels, complete irrigation during growing season (control), cutting irrigation at 50 percent flowering stage and cutting irrigation at 50 percent head forming stage. Sub factor was considered foliar application of safflower plants including nonspraying (control), foliar application by salicylic acid, selenium and salicylic acid with selenium. Drought stress reduced biologic yield, yield components and grain yield, but it increased protein percentage, the superoxide dismutase activity and proline concentration. Also, the highest negative effect of drought tension was observed in flowering stage, so that stress at flowering stage reduced 49 percent grain yield and 33 percent biomass of safflower. Foliar application improved yield, yield components and superoxide dismutase activity compared to non-spraying (control). However, between foliar application treatments in grain yield and superoxide dismutase activity, no significant difference was observed, but foliar application of salicylic acid with 7198 kg ha-1 showed the highest biomass. The foliar application in stress and non-stress conditions increased grain oil percentage, so that in complete irrigation and flowering stage stress , the highest grain oil percentage was belonged to salicylic acid foliar application with 24 percent and salicylic acid foliar application with selenium 28 percent. The foliar application treatments increased proline concentration in stress conditions compared to control and at flowering stress stage, salicylic acid and selenium foliar application with 11 micro Mol per gram fresh plant weigh showed the highest proline concentration. Keywords: Grain yield, Oil percentage, Proline and Safflower. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - اثر پرایمینگ بر فعالیت و بیان ژنهای آنزیمهای آنتی اکسیدانت در بذرهای فرسوده برنج
حمیده علیدوست محمد صدقی رئوف سید شریفی طیبه سعادت -
Open Access Article
8 - اثر عصاره هیدروالکلی آویشن دنایی بر پیشگیری از زخم معده القا شده با اتانول در رت
فیروزه سقایی محمد صالحی محمد جواد نمازی محمد باقریمقدمه و هدف: از جمله بیماری های شایع در میان جوامع زخم معده است. درمانهای رایج این بیماری شامل داروهای کاهنده ترشح اسید هستند که ضمن اثربخشی دارای عوارض جانبی هستند. استفاده از گیاهان دارویی به عنوان کمک درمان این بیماری مورد توجه است. گیاه دارویی آویشن دنایی Thymus dae Moreمقدمه و هدف: از جمله بیماری های شایع در میان جوامع زخم معده است. درمانهای رایج این بیماری شامل داروهای کاهنده ترشح اسید هستند که ضمن اثربخشی دارای عوارض جانبی هستند. استفاده از گیاهان دارویی به عنوان کمک درمان این بیماری مورد توجه است. گیاه دارویی آویشن دنایی Thymus daenensis به دلیل داشتن ترکیبات متعدد من جمله فلاونوییدها می­تواند در پیشگیری از زخم معده موثر باشد. روش تحقیق: برای انجام این مطالعه از 35 موش صحرایی (200-250 گرم)در 7 گروه آزمایشی استفاده شد. گروههای آزمایشی شامل گروه سالین، گروههای دریافت کننده عصاره­ی آویشن دنایی با دوز 500 و 1000 و 1500 میلیگرم/کیلوگرم ، گروه امپرازول با دوز 20 میلیگرم/کیلوگرم، گروه کربوکسی متیل سلولز (حلال داروی امپرازول) به صورت خوراکی وگروه شاهد منفی دریافت کننده سالین خوراکی ، بودند. یک ساعت پس از درمان، با خوراندن 5/0 میلی لیتراتانول خالص به هر حیوان به جز گروه آخر زخم معده القا شد. پس از 4 ساعت، حیوانات بیهوش شدند، از قلب خونگیری صورت گرفت و بافت معده جدا گردید و جهت مطالعات هیستوپاتولو‍‍ژیک و بیوشیمیایی مورد استفاده قرارگرفت. میزان سوپراکسیددیسموتاز (SOD) سرم و میزان مالون دی آلدئید (MDA) بافت معده تعیین شد. نتایج و بحث: نتایج در گروههای مورد آزمایش نشان دهنده کاهش آلسر ایندکس وافزایش درصد مهار زخم و اثر محافظتی عصاره گیاه به صورت وابسته به دوز(در دوز بالاتر هم ارز اومپرازول) است. افزایش معنا دار میزان SOD و کاهش معنادار MDA نیز در اثر تجویز عصاره گیاه و اومپرازول بیانگر اثر مفید عصاره بر پایه آثار آنتی اکسیدان آن(کاهش استرس اکسیداتیو) می­باشد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با توجه به نتایج حاصل می توان از آثار آنتی اکسیدان گیاه آویشن دنایی در درمان بیماریهایی که در اثر عوامل اکسیداتیو ایجاد می گردند در کنار داروهای دیگر بهره برد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Relation of water deficit stress and biofertilizer on some of antioxidant enzymes activity and role them on grain yield variation of barley (Hordeum vulgare)
Mohammadreza DadniaTo evaluate the qualitative traits of barley in response to biofertilizers (Azotobacter, Pseudomonas and Azospirillum) with affected by different regimes of irrigation the experiment was carried out in Karaj Azad University research field in 2013 with split plot based o MoreTo evaluate the qualitative traits of barley in response to biofertilizers (Azotobacter, Pseudomonas and Azospirillum) with affected by different regimes of irrigation the experiment was carried out in Karaj Azad University research field in 2013 with split plot based on Completely Randomize Block Design with four replications. In this experiment irrigation treatments were in main plots with three levels which interrupt of irrigation at 80, 65 and 50% of field capacity (normal irrigation), (35 and 50 percent of humidity discharge) and sub plots contained seed inoculation with bacteria such as |inoculation with Azospirillum lipoferum, Azotobacter chrococcum, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas×Azotobacter, Pseudomonas×Azospirillum, Azotobacter×Azospirillum | and control (un inoculation) in seven levels. The results of analysis of variance showed that biofertilizer had significant effect on antioxidant enzymes at 1% probability. The activity of antioxidant enzymes affected with biofertilizers were increased at water deficit condition which Azospirillum lipoferum caused increasing about 16.7% and 21.4% and Pseudomonas×Azospirillum caused increasing about 18.2% and 25.9% for superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in irrigation at 50% of field capacity, respectively than control. Yield showed low decrease in irrigation at 50% of field capacity than normal irrigation such as yield decreasing in irrigation at 50% of field capacity was only about 13.2% with affected by Azospirillum than normal irrigation. The data showed that biofertilizer have efficient role on barley yield at water deficit condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Effects of spermidine spray on morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of Cyclamen persicum Miller.
M. Farjadi Shakib R. Naderi M. Mashhadi Akbar BoujarPersian cyclamen is a perennial geophytes plant which has a special position between ornamentals due to its charm, diversity and flowering during winter. As this flower’s quality and quantity is affected extensively by its nutrition and environmental factors, and MorePersian cyclamen is a perennial geophytes plant which has a special position between ornamentals due to its charm, diversity and flowering during winter. As this flower’s quality and quantity is affected extensively by its nutrition and environmental factors, and regarding the importance and special role of poly amines in plant nutrition, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the external application of spermidine on the quality and quantity of this Iranian native flower. Therefore an experiment was conducted in two parts. In the first part, cyclamen plants were sprayed with spermidine (0, 5, 10 and 20 mM) in a completely randomized design and morphological and physiological characteristics were studied. This was while the second part was factorially arranged in a completely randomized design and cyclamen plants were treated with spermidine (0, 5, 10 and 20 mM) at five different flower development stages for studing biochemical characteristics. Studied morphological characteristics were: bud stage days, blooming days, total flowering days, total flowers, leaf area and number. Studied physiological characteristics were: fresh weight, dry weight, relative water content and membrane stability index of petals. This was while for biochemical characteristics superoxide dismutase, catalase beside protein, spermidine and spermine content were studied. Morphological results indicate the beneficial effect of external spermidine application on flowering and vegetative growth of Persian cyclamen. Effective level of spermidine application on flowering characteristics was 10 mM while for vegetative growth it was 20 mM. Besides that, spermidine application increased fresh weight, dry weight, relative water content and membrane stability index of petals. Free radical scavengers such as SOD and CAT beside protein content increased during flowering stages 1 to 5. Spermine content showed a similar increasing trend by spermidine application, while spermidine content increased during flowering phase 1-3 and decreased afterwards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Effect of foliar application of selenium onquality traits and enzyme activities of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius .L) under different soil moisture regimes stress in varamin region
Behnam Khademi Hossein Ali Shaibani Arash BorzouIn order to study the effect of selenium foliar application on yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius.L) under different soil moisture regimes stress an experiment in split plot based on Randomized complete block design with three replications in MoreIn order to study the effect of selenium foliar application on yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius.L) under different soil moisture regimes stress an experiment in split plot based on Randomized complete block design with three replications in 1393 in The Islamic University research farm Varamin unit. Treatments were main plot drought in four irrigation regimes including 50 (Control), 80, and 110 mm evaporation from evaporation pan (Class A) and sub plotconsisted offour levelsof selenium (Control, 100, 200 and 300 mg/lit) respectively. Results showed a significant effect of drought stress and selenium on Catalase, Glutathione, Superoxide dismutase, Oil and protein percentage. Effect of selenium on selenium content of grain was significant but the effect of drought stress on this trait is not significant. Interactions between drought stress and selenium on selenium content of grain and oil percentage was significant and The Best Results in normal irrigation (control) and 300 mg treatment was obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The effect of super absorbent polymer application on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum. l.) under cut irrigation The effect of super absorbent polymer application on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum. l.) under cut irrigation The effect of super absorbent polymer application on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat (Triticum
Ashkan Askiyani Farshad Ghooshchi Hmid Reza Tohidi MoghadamIn order to study the effects of amount of super absorbent polymer on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat under normal and cut irrigation an experiment was conducted in research field of Islamic Azad University, Varamin Branch during 2012 growing MoreIn order to study the effects of amount of super absorbent polymer on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat under normal and cut irrigation an experiment was conducted in research field of Islamic Azad University, Varamin Branch during 2012 growing season. The experimental design was laid out in a randomized complete block with a split plots arrangement of treatments in three replications. Main plots included four different levels of irrigation (complete irrigation or no irrigation withholding,cut irrigation at stem elongation, cut irrigation at flowering, and cut irrigation at both flowering and seed setting stages ) and sub factors were included super absorbent (0, 20 and 40 kg per hectare). The results showed that cut irrigation conditions in different growth stages significantly decreased seed yield, carbohydrate grain content, total chlorophyll content and gibberellin but increased protein percentage, superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde content. Super absorbent polymer application in cut irrigation in different growth stages had positive effect on seed yield. In general, we concluded that super absorbent can improve growth conditions for wheat plants grown under water deficit stress. The reviews although show super absorbent is able to reduce the destroying effect of low water by absorbing and preserving water and approve varying agricultural characters. With attention to increased yield and its components and decreasing plant water need, using this material is economically acceptable Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Effect of Nano-selenium particles and sodium selenite on performance, carcass characteristics and antioxidant enzymes of quails under heat stress
Ebrahim Talebi Reyhane Ghazanfarpoor This study was designed to investigate the effects of Nano-Selenium and Sodium Selenite on performance, carcass characteristics, Glutathione Peroxidase and Superoxide dismutase of Japanese quail under heat stress condition. In this investigation, 300 Japanese qua More This study was designed to investigate the effects of Nano-Selenium and Sodium Selenite on performance, carcass characteristics, Glutathione Peroxidase and Superoxide dismutase of Japanese quail under heat stress condition. In this investigation, 300 Japanese quail chicks were used and the chickens were raised to 21 days in the same condition. The experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 treatments and 5 replicates of 20 chicks per replicate. The chickens daily were included under heat stress condition for 8 h at 34± 0.5oC. The results showed that weight gain and feed intake of chicks fed diets with Selenium Nano particles compared to the other two groups was significant (p < 0.05) as well as the FCR between different groups was no significant difference (p>0.05). The all three different treatments showed no significant effect on carcass composition (p>0.05) and increase in use of Nano-Selenium was more tender than sodium Selenite group, but not significant. The results revealed that glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity increased significantly in second experimental group using selenium (p < 0.05). In the present study, superoxide dismutase activity was significantly increased after adding 0.2 mg sodium selenite and nano-selenium (p < 0.05). The group of hemoglobin using selenium sources was significantly increased, but not significant increase in hematocrit. Results in this investigation revealed that Nano-Selenium is a better alternative compare to sodium Selenite. Manuscript profile
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