List of Articles زئونوز

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  1 - Waterborne and foodborne zoonotic protozoa, an unknown threat as a biological agent in bioterrorism
  N. Hajipour J. Gharekhani
  10.30495/jfh.2019.665682
  Some zoonotic protozoa can be easily transmitted through food and water and cause serious illnesses in humans and animals. Because these pathogenic agents have some characteristics of an effective biological agent such as latent period, low infectious doses, high resist More

  Some zoonotic protozoa can be easily transmitted through food and water and cause serious illnesses in humans and animals. Because these pathogenic agents have some characteristics of an effective biological agent such as latent period, low infectious doses, high resistance to disinfectants, they can play a role as an unknown biological agent in bioterrorism. Considering the increasing threats of bioterrorism, biological agents and their use by some colonial countries, it is necessary to identify and recognize these unknown agents and ways to prevent them. Based on a systematic study some keywords such as” bioterrorism”, “biologic”, and “protozoa zoonosis”, parasite” and names of some waterborne and foodborne parasites were searched in reliable information databases and then the related topics were studied carefully. The results of this study show that in addition to bacteria, viruses and their toxins, zoonotic protozoa such as Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Toxoplasma gondii which can be transmitted through food and water, can act as biologically hazardous agents in bioterrorism. Because these zoonotic protozoa are resistant to some disinfectants, for example, chlorine and low temperatures, so the only way to deal with these biological agents at times of crisis is to boil the water for 10-15 min at 60 ° C as well as to cook completely those food materials with the probability of contamination. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Bacterial zoonotic disease from fish: a review
  Mehdi Raissy
  Zoonoses involving transmission of disease and biotoxin producing agents from fish to humans have been documented in the literature mostly including bacteria, biotoxins and parasites. The list of potential fish-borne zoonoses is quite large. Twenty six infectious agents More

  Zoonoses involving transmission of disease and biotoxin producing agents from fish to humans have been documented in the literature mostly including bacteria, biotoxins and parasites. The list of potential fish-borne zoonoses is quite large. Twenty six infectious agents are discussed in this review and there are also many other infectious organisms of fish origin that have not been reported but have the potential to infect and harm human. The status of the human host immune system plays a vital role in the severity of the disease. The major exposure routes include ingestion and introduction of organisms through open wounds or abrasions. More specifically, ingestion includes consumption of raw or under-cooked infected fish tissue, ingestion of fish tissue contaminated with feces from infected fish. Overall 46.15 % of fish-borne zoonoses are transmitted orally which are mostly helminthic diseases are caused by Trematodes, Cestodes and nematodes. Yet these zoonoses are responsible for large numbers of human infections around the world. Ingestion of water harboring infectious organisms with 23.07 % and Dermal exposure includes introduction of infectious agents into open wounds or abrasions through handling infected fish or infected water with 19.23 % are other transmission ways and importantly 15.38 % of fish-borne zoonoses are transmitted by more than one way. Distribution, epidemiology, clinical aspects, and the research needed for improved risk assessments, clinical management and prevention and control of these important diseases are reviewed. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Fish-borne parasites: A review on the reports from Iran
  Hossein Momeni Mehdi Raissy Masoumeh Bashiri Maryam Barzegar Mahsa Ansari
  A high number of parasites can infect fish, and some can be transmitted to humans. Human or fish-eating mammals can be the main host of these parasites. Today, more than 40 species of fish-borne parasites have been identified, causing disease in humans. These parasites More

  A high number of parasites can infect fish, and some can be transmitted to humans. Human or fish-eating mammals can be the main host of these parasites. Today, more than 40 species of fish-borne parasites have been identified, causing disease in humans. These parasites can be classified as protozoa, trematode, Cestoda, Nematoda and Acanthocephala. Infection in humans usually occurs following the consumption of larvae-infected meat. The possibility and the rate of infection directly relate to different criteria, including the fish consumption rate, level of hygiene, feeding habits, and methods of cooking or processing. In this article, having discussed the fish-borne parasites, the reports of zoonotic parasites from fish in Iran have been discussed. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Review of Anisakiasis Disease in Iran from 1970-2019
  Seyed Reza Hosseini Saeed Dadkhah Tehrani
  10.30495/jfm.2021.1897711.1644
  Anisakiasis is a zoonotic disease caused by the nematode Anisakis caused by eating infected and uncooked fish. Due to the fact that this disease is zoonotic, the necessary health advice should be given to people who tend to eat raw and especially raw foods of different More

  Anisakiasis is a zoonotic disease caused by the nematode Anisakis caused by eating infected and uncooked fish. Due to the fact that this disease is zoonotic, the necessary health advice should be given to people who tend to eat raw and especially raw foods of different types of seafood. Based on the search results with the keywords, Iran and Anisakis in information sources and search engines, 24 studies conducted in Iran on Anisakiasis disease were found. This parasite has been reported in Iran to a greater extent than the shores of the Caspian Sea, Persian Gulf and Oman since 1349, which according to the results obtained in regular reviews, this amount has been higher in the southern regions of the country (Persian Gulf and Oman). Due to the high percentage of contamination in some of the fish studied, up to 97% of the need to pay attention to this parasite for food preparation is more evident. Manuscript profile
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  5 - The comparison of two methods (macroscopic and microscopic) for detection of Sarcocystis spp. in sheep in Boroujerd, Iran
  H. Vosughi N. Hogooghirad
  Sarcocyst is a worldwide zoonosis that infects many humans and animals. From the point of view of health and economy, it has a large amount of loss for many countries. The parasite is one of the most common parasites in many humans, wild mammalians, birds, poikilothermi More

  Sarcocyst is a worldwide zoonosis that infects many humans and animals. From the point of view of health and economy, it has a large amount of loss for many countries. The parasite is one of the most common parasites in many humans, wild mammalians, birds, poikilothermic animals. Some of them are responsible for severe or fatal diseases in their intermediate hosts. In this study, the rate of infection to sarcocyst has been investigated in sheep by two methods: macroscopic and digestive method, in the slaughterhouse of Borujerd, Iran. Sixty carcasses were randomly selected during two stages in: In the first stage, oesophagus, diaphragm, heart, scapular and femoral muscles have been inspected that in total 17 (28/33%) from of them were infected by the cyst. In the second stage, these parts were tested by digestive method (Pepsin: 2.5 grams; Chloric acid: 10 cc; Phosphatebuffered saline 100cc) and then the smears were stained by Giemsa. The specimen that had bradyzoite considered as the positive. In conclusion, 56(93/33%) of samples had bradyzoite. the study showed a significant differences between two methods (P<0.01). Microscopic method was more sensitive than the other method. Manuscript profile
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  6 - A Study on parasites of Clupeonella grimmi in Caspian Sea
  H. Jeddy B. Mokhayer A. Khajeh Rahimi
  During this survey from February until November 2011 in four seasons (winter, spring, summer, fall), 252 speciemen of Clupeonella grimmi were sampled from Caspian Sea’s Babolsar fishing ground, in each sampling 63 fishes were examined and four species of parasite More

  During this survey from February until November 2011 in four seasons (winter, spring, summer, fall), 252 speciemen of Clupeonella grimmi were sampled from Caspian Sea’s Babolsar fishing ground, in each sampling 63 fishes were examined and four species of parasite were isolated from them. Parasites found were: Larvae of Contracaecum sp. and Larvae of Anisakis sp., Bunocotyle cingulata and Pseudopentagrama symmetrica. In this survey the percentage of infection and intensity of infection of parasites found have been expressed in C. grimmi in the Caspian Sea. During one year percentages of the above mentioned parasities were: 1.6, 0.4, 26.2 and 36.9 respectively and during one year the parasitic intensity of infections were: 1.25, 1, 2.6, 10.3 respectively.P. symmetrica parasite showed high percentage of infection among other parasites and second was B. cingulata (both of the Trematoda are non-zoonusen).Contracaecum sp. and Anisakis sp. are Nematoda and zoonusen,in terms of percentage and intensity of infection, among other parasites in C. grimmi fish, they were in next rank. P. symmetrica and B. cingulata parasites were found in all four seasons of the year but Contracaecum was just found in summer and also Anisakis sp. was only fount in fall.Among seasons of the year, summer with 88.9 percent, showed most percentage and winter with 22.22 percent, showed least percentage of contamination to in C. grimmi.Most infection rate was found in the parasites of the gastrointestinal tract and after that the abdominal organs and the gonads (testis). Other organs of fish under survey such as: eyes, gill, skin, swim blader, kidney were healthy and free of parasitic contamination.In this survey, none of common protozoan parasites were found in fish, therefore according to the findings of the present study the parasites found in C. grimmi didn't severely damage the fishes health and probably only caused reduced growth and have little impact on decline in fish populations. But existence of parasites like Contracaecum sp. and Anisakis sp. inside the fish’s body, fish consumption must be with care in cooking and producing. Human feeding on fish infected with above mentioned parasites, can cause these parasites to grow in human body and can develop pathogenesis effects. Manuscript profile
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  7 - Prevalence and Importance of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) in Meat, Livestock and Poultry Products in Iran
  Maryam Karimi Dehkordi Razieh Farhang Forough Mohammadi Majid Gholami-Ahangaran
  10.22034/ascij.2023.1983584.1482
  Diarrhea is a major public health concern because it is one of the leading causes of death in children under five years of age. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a main strain of Escherichia coli (E. coli) that is considered an important cause of infant diarrh More

  Diarrhea is a major public health concern because it is one of the leading causes of death in children under five years of age. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a main strain of Escherichia coli (E. coli) that is considered an important cause of infant diarrhea in developed countries. EPEC are common pathogens that are transmitted through consumption of contaminated food and cause acute gastrointestinal diseases in humans. In this review, the prevalence of EPEC in meat and poultry as well as dairy products in Iran has been reviewed. Based on the previous studies, most of the identified EPEC strains have been related to red meat and meat products such as hamburgers, which are likely to be more contaminated due to improper processing hygiene and high manipulation in the production process. Furthermore, EPEC strains have been detected in chicken meat and ready to cook food products such as semi-cooked nuggets to a lesser extent. Due to the use of pasteurization temperature in the preparation stages, a decrease in the initial amount of microbial load has been observed in these foods. However, in the storage and preparation stages of these foods in factories, hygiene points should be observed to prevent EPEC contamination. The obtained results showed that food products of animal origin can easily act as a reservoir of EPEC with the potential ability to transfer antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity genes to the gastrointestinal microflora. Therefore, developing effective strategies to improve food safety and updated guidelines for prudent use of antimicrobial agents in Iran is of great importance. Manuscript profile