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Open Access Article
1 - Estimation of water requirements of Robinia pseudoacania and Ailanthus altissima Mill For afforestation under different water stresses (Case study: Robat Karim town)
Mohammad Asgari Vahid Etemad Abdolmajid Liaghat Pedram Attarod Mohsen Javanmiri PourSince the creation of green space depends on the availability of water and dedicated water for irrigation of urban green space, green belts and afforestation in arid and semi-arid climates. Water availability has great value and should be used optimally with high effici MoreSince the creation of green space depends on the availability of water and dedicated water for irrigation of urban green space, green belts and afforestation in arid and semi-arid climates. Water availability has great value and should be used optimally with high efficiency. For this reason, in order to save water, planting species that need less water and at the same time have optimal growth efficiency has always been as an executive policy. The aim of current study is to estimate the water requirement of tree species in the field and greenhouse under different water stresses in Robat Karim town of Tehran province. This research has been done in both space of greenhouse and field by saplings of Robinia pseudoacania and Ailanthus altissima Mill and it was done in a completely random design in the field and greenhouse. This research has two stages and each stage consists of several phases. In the first stage, respectively soil field capacity, determining of MAD, determining water requirement of saplings through evapotranspiration were examined and in fact, by determining the water requirement of saplings, the irrigation cycle was determined. In the second stage, the studied saplings were subjected to water stresses 2, 4 and 6 days after reaching MAD and at each period, the physical characteristics data of the saplings were collected. Generally, the results of this study have shown that Robinia pseudoacania has a higher water requirement and more irrigation cycles in the field and greenhouse than Ailanthus altissima Mill. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The effects of nitrogen and irrigation interval on broomrape (Orbanche aegyptiaca) damage reduction in host plant (Cucumis sativa L.) in greenhouse condition
Mehrnoush Eskandari Torbaghan Masoud Eskandari TorbaghanIn order to study the effects of nitrogen and irrigation interval on Broomrape (Orbanche aegyptiaca) damage reduction in cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.), an experiment with two factors, nitrogen (urea in three levels 100,200 and 300 Kg/ha) and irrigation interval (with thr MoreIn order to study the effects of nitrogen and irrigation interval on Broomrape (Orbanche aegyptiaca) damage reduction in cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.), an experiment with two factors, nitrogen (urea in three levels 100,200 and 300 Kg/ha) and irrigation interval (with three levels 3,6 and 9 day) in three replications was performed in the greenhouse of Northern Khorasan Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center. The results showed that the growing velocity was maximum in the treatment of 200 Kg N/ha. However, height and the number of cucumbers were lower. The effect of irrigation interval on the number of flowering days was significant, whereas nitrogen fertilizer did not have a significant influence on this parameter. Hence, irrigation level rising caused reduction in the number of flowering days. Maximum length and diameter of cucumber was observed in the treatment of highest nitrogen level and minimum irrigation interval or the treatment of lowest nitrogen level and medium irrigation interval. The maximum number of cucumbers and weight was obtained in maximum nitrogen and irrigation interval. In addition, rising irrigation interval caused the number of cucumber increase and decrease in cucumber weight. The maximum wet weight of shoot and root was observed in the highest nitrogen treatment. On the other hand, the maximum wet weight of shoot and root was derived from the highest nitrogen and medium irrigation treatment and the highest nitrogen and minimum irrigation interval treatment, respectively. The comparison of water percent in wet and dry weight of shoot showed that the highest value was observed in 300 and 100 Kg N/ha treatments respectively. Maximum shoot/root ratio was observed in the treatment of 100 Kg N/ha and a six-day irrigation interval. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - تأثیر زهکشی کنترل شده روی محصول نیشکر (مطالعه موردی اراضی کشت و صنعت نیشکر امام خمینی (ره))
رحیم عنافچه یدالله یوسفی فرد عبدعلی ناصری حیدرعلی کشکولیحفظ تراز سطح ایستا بی در نزدیکی منطقه ریشه گیاه به منظور استفاده بهینه از آب آبیاری و تأمین رطوبت در منطقه ریشه، روش متداولی است که بیش از چند دهه مورد استفاده محققان قرارگرفته شده است. در این تحقیق امکان استفاده از روش زهکشی کنترل شده در شرایط آب و هوایی مرکز و جنوب اس Moreحفظ تراز سطح ایستا بی در نزدیکی منطقه ریشه گیاه به منظور استفاده بهینه از آب آبیاری و تأمین رطوبت در منطقه ریشه، روش متداولی است که بیش از چند دهه مورد استفاده محققان قرارگرفته شده است. در این تحقیق امکان استفاده از روش زهکشی کنترل شده در شرایط آب و هوایی مرکز و جنوب استان خوزستان در دو تیمار آزاد (FD) و کنترل شده (CD) بر روی گیاه نیشکر مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که شوری خاک تیمار آزاد در لایه (30-0) سانتی متر به اندازه 3/1 دسی زیمنس بر متر نسبت به لایه مشابه در تیمار کنترل شده افزایش شوری داشته. تغییرات شوری در دیگر لایه‌ها برای دو تیمار ناچیز بود. از نظر آب مصرفی، تیمار کنترل شده 38 درصد آب کمتری نسبت به تیمار آزاد مصرف نموده وکارآیی مصرف آب آبیاری در تیمار کنترل شده 3/41 درصد بیشتر از تیمار آزاد بود. از نظر تعداد دور آبیاری، تیمار کنترل شده 33 درصد نسبت به تیمار آزاد کمتر بود و از نظر مقدار نمک ورودی، تیمار کنترل شده معادل 36 درصد نسبت به تیمار آزاد کمتر است. از نظر مقدار نمک خروجی از زهکش‌ها، تیمار کنترل شده به میزان 53 درصد کمتر از تیمار آزاد گردید. عملکرد کمی محصول (تن در هکتار) تیمار کنترل شده به میزان 66/8 درصد از تیمار آزاد بیشتر بوده است و در عملکرد کیفی محصول تیمار کنترل شده در نسبت وزن شربت به وزن نی (EX) 9/15 درصد، در میزان قند موجود در شربت (POL) 01/6 درصد، در میزان مواد جامد محلول در شربت (Brix) 24/5 درصد، در درجه خلوص شربت یا میزان قند خالص 8/0 درصد از تیمار آزاد بیشتر شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Evaluation of Growth Indices and Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Forage Amaranth in Comparison with Forage Millet
Naser Zareh Bahram Amiri Hamid Reza Miri Omid Alizadeh Reza HamidiDrought is one of the major factors limiting productivity in agriculture and nutrition management, including the use of potash fertilizers, plays an important role in plant resistance to drought. In order to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of f MoreDrought is one of the major factors limiting productivity in agriculture and nutrition management, including the use of potash fertilizers, plays an important role in plant resistance to drought. In order to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of forage amaranth in comparison with forage millet, a split factorial experiment was designed and conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2016 and 2017 in Saadatshahr region of Fars province. In this experiment, three irrigation intervals (5, 10 and 15 days) were used as the main factor, potassium fertilizer (50, 100 and 150 kg.ha-1) and forage plants (amaranth and millet) as sub-plots. The results of mean comparison of two-year combined analysis showed that amaranth had significantly more height, stem diameter, inflorescence length, number of leaves per plant, dry forage yield, ash percentage, crude protein and carbohydrate content than millet. Increasing the irrigation interval reduced the height, stem diameter, inflorescence length, number of leaves per plant, 1000-seed weight, percentage of crude fiber, dry matter yield, ash percentage, and soluble carbohydrates. By increasing potassium fertilizer level, plant height, stem diameter, inflorescence length, number of leaves per plant, percentage of crude fiber, dry forage yield, ash percentage, crude protein percentage, ADF percentage and NDF percentage in the plant decreased. In general, it can be concluded that amaranth plant has higher yield and drought tolerance than millet and the application of 150 kg.ha-1 of potassium fertilizer can be recommended to achieve higher yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Evaluation of Yield and Yield Components of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) in Different Treatments of Irrigation Distance and Sowing Date
Sahar Keyvan Rad Hamid Madani Hossein Heidari Sharifabadi Mojtaba Mahmoudi Ghorban NourmohamadiTo evaluate different irrigation regimes and planting dates on plant height, stem diameter, yield, and yield components of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) a split plot experiment based on randomized complete blocks with three replications was conducted in Karaj during MoreTo evaluate different irrigation regimes and planting dates on plant height, stem diameter, yield, and yield components of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) a split plot experiment based on randomized complete blocks with three replications was conducted in Karaj during 2017 growing season. Experimental treatments were irrigation intervals (8, 10 and 12 days) as a main plot, and planting dates with three levels (4th, 18th of June and 2th July) as a sub-plot. The results of analysis of variance showed that the main effect of irrigation interval was significant on all traits under study. Planting date treatment had a significant effect only on plant height, stem diameter, number of plant branches, number of plant leaves, number of fruits, fresh fruit yield and dry fruit yield. The interaction of irrigation interval treatment and planting date had no significant effect on the trails under study. The highest chlorophyll concentration (3.68 mg.g-1 FW), plant height (100.4 cm), number of branches (3.1), number of leaves per plant (24.8), number of fruits per plant (10.5) and fresh fruit yield (4023 kg.ha-1) were belonged to the irrigation interval of 8 days. Irrigation interval of 12 days decreased by 30.4, 21.7, 21.3 and 28.4 % in stem diameter, fruit length, fruit diameter and dry fruit yield, compared to irrigation interval of 8 days interval, respectively. The highest plant height (99.2 cm), number of branches (2.5), number of leaves per plant (23.3) and number of fruits (9.77) were observed of June 4th planting date. The highest fruit yield was obtained in June 18th planting. Based on the results obtained it can be concluded that irrigation interval of 8 days is recommended to achieve maximum fruit yield and to shorten the length of growing period, saving in water consumption and maximum yield performance in the Karaj region, the date of 18th June is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Evaluation of Yield, Harvest Index, and Water Use Efficiency of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in Different Treatments of Irrigation and Sowing Date
Arameh Zand-Silakhoor Hamid Madani Hossein Heidari Sharifabadi Mojtaba Mahmoudi Ghorban NourmohamadIn order to evaluate different irrigation regimes and planting date on yield, water use efficiency, and harvest index of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdarjffa L.), an experiment was conducted in form of split plot in randomized complete blocks with three replications in Karaj in MoreIn order to evaluate different irrigation regimes and planting date on yield, water use efficiency, and harvest index of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdarjffa L.), an experiment was conducted in form of split plot in randomized complete blocks with three replications in Karaj in 2017. Experimental treatments included irrigation round (Irrigation intervals of 8, 10, and 12 days) as a main plot, andplanting date treatments at three levels of 4th June, 18th June, and 2th July as a sub-plot. Results showed that the main effect of irrigation treatments was significant on all traits except harvest index. Planting date had a significant effect only on plant height, stem diameter, biological yield, flower water use efficiency, and sepal water use efficiency. The interaction of irrigation treatment levels and planting date only made a significant difference in biomass water use efficiency. Also, the flower harvest index was not affected by any of the applied treatments.The greatest plant height (181.2 cm), stem diameter (2.91 cm) and biological yield (14.6 t.ha-1) were obtained in the irrigation interval of 8 days. The highest sepal water use efficiency of (0.18 g.L-1), flower water use efficiency (0.034 g.L-1) and sepal harvest index (11.12 %) were observed in the irrigation interval of 12 days. The irrigation interval of 10 days had the highest sepal yield (1.59 t.ha-1) and flower yield (307.7 kg.ha-1).Delay in planting caused a decrease of 12, 16, and 7% in plant height, stem diameter, and biological yield, respectively and increase in the sepal water use efficiency and biological yield water use efficiency by 22 and 20%, respectively compared to optimum planting time. The highest biological yield water use efficiency (2.41 g.L-1) was obtained in irrigation interval of 12 days and one month delay in planting. Based on the obtained results, irrigation interval of 10 days is recommended to achieve maximum flower yield and sepal yield, increase the flower water use efficiency and sepal harvest index. Also, in order to shorten the cultivation period and save water consumption, the date of 18th June is recommended for plant cultivation in Karaj. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Evaluation of irrigation levels and application of superabsorbent polymers on ecophysiological characteristics of rangeland plant Capper (Capparis spinosa L.)
Amin allah Bagherifard Yousef Hamidoghli Mohammadhasan Biglouei Mehrorang GhaediTo evaluate the effects of using various levels of superabsorbent and irrigation regimes on yields of Capparis spinosa plant an experiment was performed based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Research Field of Emamzadeh Jaafar Gachsar MoreTo evaluate the effects of using various levels of superabsorbent and irrigation regimes on yields of Capparis spinosa plant an experiment was performed based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Research Field of Emamzadeh Jaafar Gachsaran in 2015. The main factor consisted of three irrigation regimes (once in a month, once every two months, and no irrigation) and a sub-factor at four levels of superabsorbent by Tarawat A200 applications (no superabsorbent, 75, 150, and 225 g/plant). Results revealed that the highest number of branches, collar diameter, height, and chlorophyll belonged to the plants irrigated every two months with 150 g superabsorbent and the highest value of carotenoids was observed in control plants. The highest plant survival rate was observed in 225 g/plant superabsorbent treatment alone. Irrigation levels had positive effects on the morphological characteristics of the plant so that the irrigation level of once every two months had more yield than the other levels. Findings suggest that the application of superabsorbent material in dry land condition could increase the yield by mitigating the effects of the drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - اثر سوپر جاذب بر کاهش اثر تنش خشکی بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی گل جعفری (Tagetes marigold)
صفورا دهباشی علیرضا لادن مقدم علی غفوریان -
Open Access Article
9 - Effect of Irrigation Interval on Establishment and Vegetative Growth of Sayer Date Palm Suckers
Majid Alihouri Aziz Torahi Hadi Moazed Irrigation practice is one of most effective factor on establishment and suitable growth of date palm suckers. The water stress after sucker planting will dry date suckers. This study was carried out in a randomized complete blocks design with six treatments and More Irrigation practice is one of most effective factor on establishment and suitable growth of date palm suckers. The water stress after sucker planting will dry date suckers. This study was carried out in a randomized complete blocks design with six treatments and three replications: namely irrigation after 2, 3 and 4 days in first, second and third months, respectively, 7 days in summer and autumn seasons and 10 days in winter season; irrigation after 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 mm evaporation from class A pan in first, second, third and fourth months and the rest of year, respectively; irrigation after 30, 45, 60 and 75 mm evaporation from class A pan in first, second and third months and the rest of year, respectively; irrigation after 45, 60 and 75 mm evaporation from class A pan in first and second months and the rest of year, respectively; irrigation after 60 and 75 mm evaporation from class A pan in first month and the rest of year and irrigation after 75 mm evaporation from class A pan. The water requirement was calculated based on FAO pan method. The sucker growth characteristics such as establishment percent, plant height, number of leaves, leaf length and width, number of leaflets, leaflet length and width and truck diameter were measured. The results showed that irrigation interval treatments had significant effect on number of leaves, number of leaflets, leaflet length and width. The most vegetative growth of sucker obtained from irrigation after 45, 60 and 75 mm evaporation from class A pan in first and second months and the rest of year, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - کاربردسوپرجاذب و مالچ بر برخی صفات گل جعفری (Tagetes erecta) تحت تناوب آبیاری
حیدر العبیدی زهرا کریمیان لیلا سمیعی علی تهرانیفرکمبود آب مانعی مهم جهت توسعه و گسترش منظر شهری در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک جهان است. این روزها مواد آلی و مصنوعی می­توانند بدون کاهش در کیفیت و کمیت منظر شهری با هدف کاهش در مصرف آب مورد استفاده قرار گیرند. به منظور مطالعه اثر برخی انواع مالچ بر کاهش دور آبیاری بر روی گ Moreکمبود آب مانعی مهم جهت توسعه و گسترش منظر شهری در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک جهان است. این روزها مواد آلی و مصنوعی می­توانند بدون کاهش در کیفیت و کمیت منظر شهری با هدف کاهش در مصرف آب مورد استفاده قرار گیرند. به منظور مطالعه اثر برخی انواع مالچ بر کاهش دور آبیاری بر روی گیاه فصلی پرطرفدار گل جعفری در خاورمیانه آزمایشی در طی سال‌های 1395 تا 1396 در شهر مشهد انجام شد. در این آزمایش دو تیمار شامل نوع مالچ (خاک معمولی به عنوان شاهد، مالچ تنه درخت خرما، مالچ پلاستیک و سوپرجاذب) و دور آبیاری (3، 6 و 9 روز) اعمال شد. برخی صفات مورفولوژیکی، بیولوژیکی، فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی در این آزمایش مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. در اغلب صفات، دور آبیاری هر سه روز یکبار در مقایسه با دورهای 6 و 9 روز یکبار افزایش معنی­داری را نشان داد. اما در صفت ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد گل و نرخ فتوسنتز هیچ تفاوت معنیداری بین دورهای آبیاری 3 روز و 9 روز مشاهده نشد. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که سوپرجاذب و در مرتبه بعدی مالچ تنه درخت خرما با دور آبیاری هر 9 روز یکبار میتوانند برای گل جعفری در شهرهای خشک و نیمه‌خشک پیشنهاد شوند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The effects of drought stress and foliar application micronutrients on growth yield and nutritional elements of black cumin ( Nigella sativa L. )
علی اکبر عاملیIn order to survey the effects of irrigation and foliar application of micronutrients on vegetative growth, yield and yield components black cumin ( Nigella sativa L. ), an experimental design was conducted in the research farm of North Khorasan agricultural and natural MoreIn order to survey the effects of irrigation and foliar application of micronutrients on vegetative growth, yield and yield components black cumin ( Nigella sativa L. ), an experimental design was conducted in the research farm of North Khorasan agricultural and natural resources research center in Bojnourd in 2009. Experimental design was split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factors were irrigation intervals in three levels ( I1=7, I2= 14, I3=21 days ) and subfactors were foliar application micronutrients included M1 = control ( no foliar application ), M2= foliar application with the zinc ( concentration of three parts per thousand ), M3 = foliar application with the Boron ( concentration of two parts per thousand ), M4 = foliar application with the iron ( concentration of four parts per thousand ), and M5 foliar application with the mixture of above elements. Experiment results showed that the impact of irrigation intervals on plant height, branch number, number of capsules per plant, biological yield and seed number per plant , seeds per capsule, seed weight, harvest index percentage, and seed yield, was significant and decreased with increasing irrigation intervals. The effects of foliar application of micronutrients on plant height, branch number, number of capsules per plant, biological yield, and Fe, Zn, and Br concentration in plant organs was significant. Foliar application of micronutrients caused plant height, branch number, number of capsules per plant, biological yield and Fe, Zn, and Br concentration in plant to be increased. Foliar application of micronutrient and irrigation interaction on plant height and biological yield were noticeable. Seven days irrigation intervals and foliar application, the mixture of micronutrient treatment caused the highest plant height, biological yield and Fe, Zn, and Br concentration in plant organs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Evaluating the effect of Drought stress and Micronutrients (Zinc and Manganese) on yield and yield components of Millet(Panicm miliacem)
azam gideski reza baradaranIn this decade, plants with low requirements which may contribute to human health have been increasingly considered. To investigate the effect of irrigation interval and foliar application of micronutrients on Panicum miliaceum, an experiment was conducted as split plot MoreIn this decade, plants with low requirements which may contribute to human health have been increasingly considered. To investigate the effect of irrigation interval and foliar application of micronutrients on Panicum miliaceum, an experiment was conducted as split plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Sarbisheh agricultural research farm in 2012. Treatments including irrigation interval (7, 14 and 21 days) and foliar application of micronutrients in four levels (foliar application of manganese, zinc, zinc manganese and without foliar application) were assigned to main plot and sub plot, respectively. By decreasing irrigation interval to 7 days, the grain yield was increased mainly through increasing the number of grains per panicle (28% towards 21 day irrigation interval) and increasing the number of panicles per plant (25/68% towards 21 day irrigation interval). The foliar application of micronutrients improved the grain yield through enhancing grain number per panicle (23/29% towards treatment without foliar application) and enhancing panicle number per plant (15/17% towards treatment without foliar application). Findings showed that decreasing irrigation interval to 7 days and foliar application of micronutrients increased the yield and yield components of Panicum miliaceum. The maximum grain yield (222/6 grams per square meter) was under 7 day irrigation conditions and foliar application of manganese and zinc. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Investigation of irrigation interval and nitrogen rates on some growth indices and yield of corn
Ebrahim AmiriIn order to investigate the effects of irrigation and nitrogen application on some morphological traits and grain yield of corn (SC704) an experiment was conducted in agricultural research farm of Lahijan during 2010. Experimental design was split plot based on Randomiz MoreIn order to investigate the effects of irrigation and nitrogen application on some morphological traits and grain yield of corn (SC704) an experiment was conducted in agricultural research farm of Lahijan during 2010. Experimental design was split plot based on Randomized Complete Blocks Design in three replications. Main plots were three irrigation regimes including (rainfed, irrigation interval after 6 and 12 days). Sub plots were five nitrogen rates (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg N ha-1). The results indicated no irrigation and nitrogen application caused significant reduction in leaf area index, total dry matter and grain yield. Non significant differences exist between 180 and 240 kg N ha-1 treatments and also 6 and 12 days irrigation interval in above traits. With reduction of irrigation water and nitrogen rates, silking and ear formation delayed and flowering duration decreased. The most appropriate of management of irrigation and nitrogen obtain in irrigation interval after 12 days and 180 kg N-1 treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Effects of nanobiological, organic fertilizers and irrigation regims on grain yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum) in Khonj region, Fars province
sadrollah ahmadi alireza baqeri barmak jafari haghighiIn order to study the effects of organic and nanobiologic fertilizers with three intervals of irrigation on seed yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum) a field experiment was conducted in Touredan region of Khonj in 2012. The experimental design was split plot based on Rando MoreIn order to study the effects of organic and nanobiologic fertilizers with three intervals of irrigation on seed yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum) a field experiment was conducted in Touredan region of Khonj in 2012. The experimental design was split plot based on Randomized Complete Blocks Design with three replications. Treatments included: fertilizer treatments with 8 levels (control, manure, compost, manure + compost, nanobiologic, nanobilogic + manure, nanobiologic + compost and nanobiologic + manure + compost) as first factor and irrigation intervals with 3 levels (8, 12 and 16 days) as second factor. Results indicated that irrigation intervals had no significant effects on studied traits such as seed yield, 1000- seed weight, height of main stem and number of capsules. But irrigation intervals influenced shoot dry weight and leaf area significantly. Also fertilizer treatments had significant effects on traits in this experiment. Interaction between fertilizer treatments and irrigation intervals was significant in 0.05 probability level. Also interaction between treatments and different irrigation intervals was significant at 0.05 probability level. In general the effects of fertilizer treatments and irrigation intervals fertilizer treatment (Nano + Compost) with irrigation interval (16 days) was suggested as the best treatment in condition of the experiment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Compare of sweet sorghum growth indices under different plant density, irrigation period and nitrogen application
Hamid Madani Babak EsfahaniTo study the effect of plant density, irrigation periods and nitrogen application on growth indices of foliage sorghum (Sourghum bicolor var. Peghah) an experiment was conducted as split, split plot based on RCBD with 4 replications at Hamadan, Iran in 2007 growing seas MoreTo study the effect of plant density, irrigation periods and nitrogen application on growth indices of foliage sorghum (Sourghum bicolor var. Peghah) an experiment was conducted as split, split plot based on RCBD with 4 replications at Hamadan, Iran in 2007 growing season. plant density 100, 200 and 400 thousand plants per hectare (D1, D2 and D3), two levels for irrigation period in every 10 and 15 days (I1and I2) and two levels of nitrogen application 100,200,100 and 100,100,200 Kg Urea/ha at sowing date, 45 and 65 days after sowing date stages respectively (N1 and N2),were investigated. The results showed that the maximum total of dry foliage yield up to 18.44 t/ha was obtain by D1I1N2 treatments. Furthermore, the CGR trend for the lowest plant density (10 plant/m2) in all plant growth stages were upper than other plant density crop growth rate index. In this study, relative growth rate (RGR) trend by enhance the plant density were reduce until 1100 GDD adsorption and net assimilation rate (NAR) at 800 GDD were changed from 0.03 to 0.18 g/g/m2/GDD. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Effects of irrigation interval and nitrogen degree on dry mater yield and water usage efficiency of corn in Mazandaran province
R. Rezaei Sokht Abandani A. Charati Araei D. Akbari Nodehi H. Mobasser M. Ramezani In order to study irrigation interval effects and various using Nitrogen on yield of corn (K.Sc 704) was accomplished during 2008-2009. The experiment was carried on as split plot based on RCBD with 3 replications in Bayekola research farm of ag More In order to study irrigation interval effects and various using Nitrogen on yield of corn (K.Sc 704) was accomplished during 2008-2009. The experiment was carried on as split plot based on RCBD with 3 replications in Bayekola research farm of agricultural research campus in Neka in Mazandaran province. Traits were selected as irrigation interval are in four levels (I1, I2, I3 and I4 respectively as 75, 100, 125 and 150 mm accumulation evaporation of evaporation pan A class) as maim plot and three levels of Nitrogen (0, 92 and 184 kg Nitrogen that respectively substitute zero ,200 and 400 kg urea in hectare) as sub plots. Results showed that minimum of dry mater weight and yield was related to 150 mm evaporation of evaporation pan A class. The maximum forage yield and water usage efficiency obtained in I3. Bush height, dry weight in square meter, corn length, wet forage weight in hectare, efficiency of water usage, efficiency of dry material water usage, percent of water than dry weight and efficiency of water usage was largest 184 kgN/ha and lowest degree was gained under treatment without usage of called characteristics Nitrogen. Maximal of water percent than dry weight, efficiency of dry material water and maximal of water usage biological efficiency according to production of evaporation pan Aclass was gained with usage of 184 kgN/ha, maximal efficiency of water usage with 150 mm evaporation of evaporation pan a class was gained with usage 184 kgN/ha. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Effect of irrigation intervals, manure and zeolite traits of agronomical and yield of potato varieties Agria
V. Yarmohammadi N. Sajedi M. MirzachaniIn order to investigate irrigation intervals effect of irrigation intervals, manure and zeolite traits of agronomical and yield of potato varieties Agria on experiment was conducted in moradi field in 5km Arak-Farahan in 2010. The exprimental design was split plat MoreIn order to investigate irrigation intervals effect of irrigation intervals, manure and zeolite traits of agronomical and yield of potato varieties Agria on experiment was conducted in moradi field in 5km Arak-Farahan in 2010. The exprimental design was split plat on randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatment applied, including irrigation at three levels 6 days, 8 days and 10 days as main plot and in sub plots treated manure and zeolite four levels include: control (no use of manure and zeolite ), 20 ton/ha of manure + 4 ton/ha of zeolite, 40 ton/ha manure and 8 ton/ha zeolite. The results showed that application of manure and zeolite on traits of measured at 1% level of probability was significant.with increasing of irrigation in terval from 6 to 8 day, yield reduced by 7/19 % declined. Main effects of manure and zeolite showed the highest tuber yield equivalent of 59/88 ton/ha from 20 ton/ha manure +4 ton/ha zeolite was obtained. Effect of interaction showed that the highest tuber mean total yield equivalent product 63/6 ton/ha from irrigation six days and application 20 ton/ha manure+4 ton/ha zeolite was obtained that with tretmant of irrigation interval 8 day and application along with 20 ton/ha manure+4ton/ha zeolite was not significantly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Effects of irrigation management and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
M. Taghizade M. Esfehani N. Davatgar H. MadaniThe effects of irrigation intervals and nitrogen fertilizer rate, on yield and yield components of rice (cv. Hashemi) were investigated at Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht, in 2008.The effects of three nitrogen fertilizer rates (0, 60, 90 Kg/ha) and four irrigatio MoreThe effects of irrigation intervals and nitrogen fertilizer rate, on yield and yield components of rice (cv. Hashemi) were investigated at Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht, in 2008.The effects of three nitrogen fertilizer rates (0, 60, 90 Kg/ha) and four irrigation intervals (permanent flooded, 5, 10 and 15 days after water disappearance from soil surface) were evaluated in a split plot amendment using CRBD with three replications. The results showed that 1000 grain weight, grain yield, biologic yield, tiller number, tillers fertility, panicles number per square meter, number of filled grains and panicle were significantly increased with nitrogen fertilizer increment. Grain yield was significantly increased at 90 Kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer, the effects of irrigation intervals on biologic yield, tillers number, panicles number/m2, and number of filled grain. Results showed that the maximum grain yield was obtained at permanent flooded and 90 Kg N/ha that was not significant different with it days irrigation intervals and 60 Kg N/ha. It seems that the one ten day irrigation in tervals with the less nitrogen fertilizer rate (60 Kg/ha) may help to save water and nitrogen fertilizer. There was no difference between permanent and 10 days irrigation intervals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Simulation of soil moisture distribution around of corn plant root in heavy soil texture under drip-tape-irrigation system using HYDRUS-2D model
Parnian Majidi Chaharmahali Heidar Ali Kashkuli Davoud Khodadadi Dehkordi Ali Mokhtaran Aslan EgdernezhadThe present study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the HYDRUS model in simulating soil water movement and redistribution of moisture around the roots of maize in homogeneous and heavy soils. This study was carried out in the Agricultural Research Center of Kh MoreThe present study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the HYDRUS model in simulating soil water movement and redistribution of moisture around the roots of maize in homogeneous and heavy soils. This study was carried out in the Agricultural Research Center of Khuzestan Province under drip strip irrigation with three irrigation regimes of 2, 3 and 4 days with three replications during two cropping years. In order to monitor the moisture around the roots, dig a soil profile to a depth of 75 cm perpendicular to the drip irrigation strip. Observed and simulated moisture values were compared byR2,EF, MAE and RMSE statistics. The results showed that the average moisture distribution in each irrigation regime is in the range of crop capacity. RMSE values for different diets ranged from 1.29 to 2.40% and MAE values for different diets ranged from 1 to 2%. Moisture simulations were classified as excellent based on MAE and RMSE values.Also, the results of the coefficient of explanation are between 60 to 90% and the efficiency of the model is between 40 to 90%. Based on the results, the lowest efficiency of the model was in the simulation 24 hours after irrigation and the best simulation was 72 hours after irrigation. The results show the high capability of the model in simulating soil volumetric moisture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Effect of irrigation and plant density on the extinction coefficient of corn genotype K.S.C704 in Ahvaz region
narges Baghaee alireza Shoukouh far Mani Majdam taieb Saki NejadIn order to evaluate the effect of irrigation and plant density on the extinction coefficient grain corn delayed, the trial was conducted in the summer of 1390 in the field of Shahid Shalemi in Ahwaz city, This experiment using a split plot design with three replication MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of irrigation and plant density on the extinction coefficient grain corn delayed, the trial was conducted in the summer of 1390 in the field of Shahid Shalemi in Ahwaz city, This experiment using a split plot design with three replications.Irrigation intervals (I) in three levels, including intervals of five (I1), eight (I2) and 10 (I3) on the main plots and plant density (P) on three levels: 6.7 (P3), 7.8 (P2) and 9.5 (P1) per square meter, or 67, 78 and 95 thousand plants per hectare were in sub plots. Evaluations consisted of leaf area index and light penetration into the canopy in order to calculate K (light depreciation coefficient), respectively. Results showed that irrigation on light extinction coefficient was significant at the one percent level, so that with increasing irrigation intervals, the coefficient is increased. The stress concentration factor and irrigation density and interactions were significant at the one percent level. The highest density of 65000 plants per hectare was obtained extinction coefficient in other words by reducing the leaf area index, light extinction coefficient increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Effects of humic acid and irrigation on some yield components of maize KSC 704 in ZabolRrgion
masoud Najafi hamidreza Mobasser hamidreza GanjaliIn order to investigate the effect of humic acid and irrigation interval on yield and yield components of corn seed of Single Crusher 704 cultivar in Zabol, a split plot experiment (split plot) in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Experimental trea MoreIn order to investigate the effect of humic acid and irrigation interval on yield and yield components of corn seed of Single Crusher 704 cultivar in Zabol, a split plot experiment (split plot) in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Experimental treatments include main plots three levels: 6 days (A1), 9 days (A2) and 12 days (A3), and and sub plots of research include humic acid in four levels including control or weekly (B1) Biweekly (B2), Triweekly (B3) and Monthly (B4). The results of analysis of variance showed that the effects of irrigation and spraying of humic acid on their harvest index, plant height, number of ear per plant and number of seeds per ear were significant. The highest Harvest index (51.42%), plant height (190 cm), number of ear per plant (3.6 N.o) and number of grain per ear (612 N.o) were obtained irrigated conditions for 6 days and Biweekly Humic acid spray treatment. According to the results of the experiment, the best irrigation interval for corn seed is recommended for 6 days irrigation, with the use of Biweekly for humic acid solution for cultivation in the area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Effect of Zn, B and Mn on yield of safflower under different humidity conditions
Abbas yazdifar Saeid Sayfzadeh Hamid Reza ZakerinThe present study was done in order to investigate the effect of Zn, B and Mn on yield of safflower under different humidity conditions in spring and summer of 2015 in Qazvin. This experiment as split plot design as RCBD in 3 replications was conducted. The studied fact MoreThe present study was done in order to investigate the effect of Zn, B and Mn on yield of safflower under different humidity conditions in spring and summer of 2015 in Qazvin. This experiment as split plot design as RCBD in 3 replications was conducted. The studied factors included: irrigation interval in 3 levels (I1: irrigation every 6 days, I2: irrigation every 9 days, irrigation every 12 days) as main plot and foliar application in 8 levels (M1: Zn, M2: B, M3: Mn, M4: B Zn, M5: Zn + Mn, M6: Mn + B, M7: B + Zn+ Mn, M8: Water) as sub-plots were considered. Results showed that effect of irrigation and foliar application were significant on grain yield of safflower. The highest grain yield belonged to irrigation every 6 dais with mean of 1584 kg/ha and treatments of irrigation every 9 and 12 days with means of 1438 and 1306 kg/ha had the least grain yield that it were in a common statistically group. The treatment of B + Zn+ Mn with meaد of 1579 kg/ha had the most grain yield and the least grain yield was observed in control (water spraying) with mean of 1262 kg/ha. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Effect of Zn, B and Mn on yield of safflower under different humidity conditions
Abbas Yazdfar Saeid Sayfzadeh Hamid Reza ZakerinThe present study was done in order to investigate the effect of Zn, B and Mn on yield of safflower under different humidity conditions in spring and summer of 2015 in Qazvin. This experiment as split plot design as RCBD in 3 replications was conducted. The studied fact MoreThe present study was done in order to investigate the effect of Zn, B and Mn on yield of safflower under different humidity conditions in spring and summer of 2015 in Qazvin. This experiment as split plot design as RCBD in 3 replications was conducted. The studied factors included: irrigation interval in 3 levels (I1: irrigation every 6 days, I2: irrigation every 9 days, irrigation every 12 days) as main plot and foliar application in 8 levels (M1: Zn, M2: B, M3: Mn, M4: B Zn, M5: Zn + Mn, M6: Mn + B, M7: B + Zn+ Mn, M8: Water) as sub-plots were considered. Results showed that effects of irrigation and foliar application were significant on grain yield of safflower. The highest grain yield belonged to irrigation every 6 days with mean of 1584 kg/ha and the treatments of irrigation every 9 and 12 days with means of 1438 and 1306 kg/ha had the least grain yield that it were in a common statistically group. The treatment of B + Zn+ Mn with mean of 1579 kg/ha had the most grain yield and the least grain yield was observed in control (water spraying) with mean of 1262 kg/ha. Manuscript profile
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