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Open Access Article
1 - The first report of Dactylochelifer spasskyi Redikorzev (Pseudoscorpiones: Cheliferidae) from Iran
M. Nassirkhani H. M. Takalloo ZadeDactylochelifer spasskyi Redikorzev 1949 is the rare Pseudoscorpion that existed in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. This is a new report of this species collected from leaf litter habitats in Iran.Dactylochelifer spasskyi Redikorzev 1949 is the rare Pseudoscorpion that existed in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. This is a new report of this species collected from leaf litter habitats in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Effect of Drought Stress and Straw Mulch of Wheat on Morpho-Physiological Characteristics of Sesame
Jahanbakhsh Behzad Nejad Zeinolabedin Tahmasebi Sarvestani Ahmad Aien Ali Mokhtassi BidgoliTo study the response of sesame plant under water deficit condition to the management methods, a factorial split experiment using a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Jiroft Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Educa MoreTo study the response of sesame plant under water deficit condition to the management methods, a factorial split experiment using a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Jiroft Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center in 2015. Irrigation treatments were soil field capacity, permanent wilting point, root development depth and percent availability water to sesame (with four levels: 100, 80, 60 and 40% of the required water). Ecotypes used, were Halil, Borazjan 2 and local population of Jiraft. In this experiment, wheat straw mulch used with two levels: (without using mulch and using 7.5 tons of mulch per hectare). The results showed that simple effects of drought stress and mulch and the interaction of drought stress × mulch on all measured traits were significant at the probability level of 1%. The interaction of drought stress × ecotypes × mulch was significant only for number of branches and oil percentage. The highest and lowest seed yield and oil percentage were belonged to Haleil and Borazjan 2 ecotypes, respectively. Use of 7.5 tons straw mulch per hectare resulted in improving the means of measured traits as compared to that of control. The highest percentage of oil was obtained from Halil ecotype by using straw mulch and irrigation level of 100% (53.10%), but its difference with irrigation level of 80% (52.9%) was not significant. In general, the results showed that the using of straw mulch of wheat reduced positively the effects of water deficits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Effect of pre-sowing crop rotation and nitrogen consumption on quantities and qualities yield of rice (Oryza sativa)
Seysed Rasoul Mousavi Yousef Niknejad Hormoz Fallah Salman Dastan Davood Barrai TariRegular rice transplanting due to flooding, puddling and leveling has a negative impact on the soil structure, chemical properties and soil microbial activity. Therefore, the study was conducted on the effect of residues of pre-sowing some plants on quantitative and qua MoreRegular rice transplanting due to flooding, puddling and leveling has a negative impact on the soil structure, chemical properties and soil microbial activity. Therefore, the study was conducted on the effect of residues of pre-sowing some plants on quantitative and qualitative yield of rice in crop rotation. The experiment was conducted as split plots based on a randomized complete blocks design with four replications in Sari region during 2016 and 2017. Six crop rotation levels including fallow (control), faba bean, clover, perko, buko, and clover + ramtil + phaselia were used as main plots and four levels of nitrogen fertilizer including no consumption (control), 50% less than recommendation amount, recommendation amount based on soil test and 50% more than recommendation amount were 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha of urea source as a sub plots, respectively According to the findings, the highest paddy yield (5147 kg/ha) was obtained for perko pre-sowing with 100 kg urea consumption per hectare, and pre-sowing of buko and multiple of clover + ramtil + phaselia was ranked next with 100 kg urea consumption per hectare. Totally, the highest paddy yield was achieved with pre-sowing of perko, buko, multiple of clover + ramtil + phaselia and clover and nitrogen consumption equals 100 kg urea per hectare. But, in pre-sowing of faba beans and fallow, the highest paddy yield was obtained with nitrogen consumption higher than recommendation amount (150 kg/ha). The highest protein yield was attributed to perko and buko pre-sowing. Moreover, the highest conversion efficiency, amylose content and gel consistency were obtained with perko pre-sowing, and these parameters got ranked next with pre-sowing of buko, clover + ramtil + phaselia, clover and faba bean, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - اثر کمپوست آزولا، پوسته بادام زمینی و ضایعات چای روی رشد و جذب عناصر غذایی گیاه زینتی-دارویی پاپیتال (Hedera helix)
علی واحدیبه منظور بررسی اثر بسترهای کاشت مختلف روی رشد گیاه پاپیتال آزمایشی گلدانی در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 5 تیمار در سه تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی مرکز ایستگاه تحقیقات گل و گیاهان زینتی لاهیجان اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل 5 نوع بستر کاشت بودند که ترکیبات تشکیل دهنده آن ها Moreبه منظور بررسی اثر بسترهای کاشت مختلف روی رشد گیاه پاپیتال آزمایشی گلدانی در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 5 تیمار در سه تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی مرکز ایستگاه تحقیقات گل و گیاهان زینتی لاهیجان اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل 5 نوع بستر کاشت بودند که ترکیبات تشکیل دهنده آن ها عبارت است از: B1: 50% کمپوست آزولا + 40% کمپوست پوسته بادام زمینی + 10% پرلیت، B2: 50% کمپوست آزولا + 40% کمپوست پوسته بادام زمینی + 10% زئولیت، B3: 30% کمپوست آزولا + 30% کمپوست پوسته بادام زمینی + 30% کمپوست ضایعات چای + 10% پرلیت، B4: 30% کمپوست آزولا + 30% کمپوست پوسته بادام زمینی + 30% کمپوست ضایعات چای + 10% زئولیت و B5: 80% پیت + 20% پرلیت (شاهد بین المللی). نتایج حاصل نشان داد که ارتفاع بوته، تعداد برگ، تعداد و قطر ساقه جانبی, تعداد گره و مقدار کلروفیل برگ که از صفات زینتی یک گیاه همیشه سبز بالارونده مثل پاپیتال است در بستر B3 بیشترین مقدار است. بیشترین درصد ماده خشک ریشه و شاخساره، نیتروژن، پتاسیم و روی نیز متعلق به گیاهان رشد یافته در بستر B3 بود. بیشترین مقدار کاروتنوئید برگ و بلندترین ریشه در بستر B5 اندازه گیری شد. بستر B1 نیز موفق ترین بستر در افزایش آهن برگ بود. بدین ترتیب بستر B3 به عنوان مناسب ترین بستر برای رشد پاپیتال معرفی می شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - بقایای برنج و مدیریت خاکورزی در مزارع برنج گیلان: یک رویکرد اساسی در مدیریت پایدار کشاورزی
فاطمه علیپور مبارکی علی محمدی ترکاشوند محمود شعبانپور شهرستانی علی اعلمییکی از مهمترین عوامل موثر در آلودگی هوا ، تخریب محیط زیست خاک و مشکلات بهداشتی ناشی از آنها در مزارع شالیزاری تولید حجم زیادی از پسماندهای ناشی از فعالیت های کشت برنج است. مدیریت ضعیف ضایعات (پوسته و کاه ) برنج (مانند سوزاندن) با تهدید سیستم های پایدارکشت بر پایه برنج و Moreیکی از مهمترین عوامل موثر در آلودگی هوا ، تخریب محیط زیست خاک و مشکلات بهداشتی ناشی از آنها در مزارع شالیزاری تولید حجم زیادی از پسماندهای ناشی از فعالیت های کشت برنج است. مدیریت ضعیف ضایعات (پوسته و کاه ) برنج (مانند سوزاندن) با تهدید سیستم های پایدارکشت بر پایه برنج و اقتصاد کشاورزان می تواند مشکل ساز شود. یک روش امیدوار کننده برای کاهش اثرات منفی آنها استفاده از روشهای مدیریتی جایگزین برای تضمین امنیت غذایی و کشاورزی پایدار ، پرداختن به مسائل مدیریت پسماندهای کشاورزی است. در حال حاضر ، سوزاندن ضایعات برنج و خاکورزی خارج از فصل دو موضوع مهم روز هستند که مورد توجه بسیاری از محققان کشاورزی قرار گرفته است. به عنوان بخشی از یک پروژه کلان، ما اثرات سوختن بقایای برنج را بر روی تعدادی از خصوصیات شیمیایی و فیزیکی خاک شالیزار ، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد برنج ، آفات ، بیماری ها و جمعیت علف های هرز رایج برنج بررسی کردیم. در این راستا، آزمایش مزرعه ایی یک ساله حاضر بصورت فاکتوریل و با پنج فاکتور در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارها عبارتند از : روشهای خاکورزی در سه سطح (بدون شخم ، شخم پاییزی و شخم زمستانه) و مدیریت بقایای گیاهان در دو سطح (سوزاندن بقایا و حفظ بقایا). خواص شیمیایی (ارت کل ، مقدار روی و درصد کربن آلی) و فیزیکی (میزان نفوذ) خاک شالیزاری به طور معنی داری تحت تأثیر مدیریت پسماند (P≤0.05) ، به جز وزن مخصوص ظاهری ، قرار گرفت. درصد اولیه کربن آلی خاک (2.18٪) و در نتیجه میزان نفوذ اولیه (2.04) تحت تاثیر تیمار های شخم به ترتیب در حدود 0.51٪ ، 2.69 و 2.81 افزایش یافت. علاوه بر این ، وزن هزار دانه و وزن دانه های پر با تیمارهای فوق به ترتیب حدود 8 و 9 درصد افزایش یافت. میزان بروز کرم ساقه خوار ساقه برنج از شخم زمستانه و پاییزی تأثیر منفی ای در حدود بیش از 4 برابر پذیرفته است این در حالی است که تفاوت معنی داری بین شخم زمستانی و پاییزی دیده نشد. تیمارهای اعمال شده هیچ تأثیر قابل توجهی روی جمعیت مورد مطالعه علف های هرز نداشتند ، به جز علف هرز 1 که مدیریت خاکورزی باعث کاهش حدود 2 برابری جمعیت آن شد. تیمارهای اعمال شده (به تنهایی و یا ترکیبی) هم باعث کاهش علفهای هرز و آفات و بیماریهای برنج شده و هم به میزان قابل توحهی سبب بهبود برخی از خصوصیات مهم فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - عوامل موثر بر میزان استفاده از انرژی زیست توده توسط کشاورزان خرده مالک در ایران
سیده مرضیه رازقی حسین شعبانعلی فمی روح اله رضاییهدف اصلی پژوهش بررسی تولید و استفاده از زیست­توده به عنوان منبع انرژی توسط کشاورزان خرده مالک شهرستان تفرش واقع در استان مرکزی ایران است. به لحاظ شیوه گردآوری داده­ها، این پژوهش از نوع تحقیقات توصیفی- پیمایشی بود. جامعه آماری این تحقیق را تمامی کشاورزان خرده مال Moreهدف اصلی پژوهش بررسی تولید و استفاده از زیست­توده به عنوان منبع انرژی توسط کشاورزان خرده مالک شهرستان تفرش واقع در استان مرکزی ایران است. به لحاظ شیوه گردآوری داده­ها، این پژوهش از نوع تحقیقات توصیفی- پیمایشی بود. جامعه آماری این تحقیق را تمامی کشاورزان خرده مالک شهرستان تفرش تشکیل می­دهند (2470N=) که براساس نمونه­گیری طبقه­ای تصادفی، تعداد 300 نفر از آنان انتخاب شدند. برای گردآوری دادهها از پرسشنامه استفاده گردید. روایی پرسشنامه با نظر گروهی از کارشناسان و متخصصان مورد تایید قرار گرفت. برای تعیین پایایی ابزار تحقیق پیش‌آزمون انجام گرفت که مقدار آلفای کرونباخ محاسبه شده برای مقیاس­های اصلی پرسشنامه بیشتر از 75/0 بود. نتایج نشان داد بقایای گیاهان و حیوانات به عنوان منبع بالقوه انرژی تجدید پذیر شناخته می­شوند، اما هیچ سیاست و دستورالعمل خاصی برای استفاده بهینه از آنها، به ویژه در سازمان­هایی مانند جهاد کشاورز وجود ندارد. به همین دلیل بسیاری از کشاورزان مقدار قابل توجهی هیزم را می­سوزانند بدون اینکه از کاربرد بالقوه آن آگاه باشند. یافته­ها نشان داد که "تنوع فعالیت­های تولیدی" بیشترین تأثیر را در استفاده از انرژی زیست­توده داشته و متغیر "هزینه سالانه گاز منزل" و "سابقه کار دامداری" به ترتیب مهمترین عوامل به ترتیب تأثیرگذار بر متغیر وابسته بودند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Study of chemical and ecological weed management methods in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Afshar Azadbakht Mohammadtaghi Alebrahim Hmidreza Mohammaddoust Chamanabad Akbar Ghavidel Hossein Karbalaei KhiaviThe experiment was performed in order to comparison of ecological and chemical management methods on the emergence, growth and development of the potato weeds in 2015 on the two locations of Agricultural Research Stations Alarogh and Samian in Ardabil province in a rand MoreThe experiment was performed in order to comparison of ecological and chemical management methods on the emergence, growth and development of the potato weeds in 2015 on the two locations of Agricultural Research Stations Alarogh and Samian in Ardabil province in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were included. 1.) Between rows of potatoes sprayed with Trifluralin herbicide. 2.) Between rows of potatoes sprayed with Metribuzin herbicide. 3.) Cultivation practice. 4.) Usage of plant mulch contains the wheat stubble. 5.) Usage of plant mulch contains the canola stubble. 6.) Usage of black polyethylene sheets mulch. 7.) Usage of transparent polyethylene sheets mulch. 8.) Weed infested (interference) treatment. 9.) Weed free (control) treatment. Based on the results obtained in present study, mulch, herbicide and cultivator had significant effects on potato weeds density in both locations so that the least density of weed obtained in wheat stubble mulch and then usage of Metribuzin herbicide treatments, respectively. Most weed density was counted in the weed interference treatment equal to 99.1 plants per square meter. The usage of wheat mulch compared to the non-application, reduced to 84 percent of weed density compared to weed interference treatment in potato crop. The application of canola stubble residues compared to weed interference treatment reduced the weed density as 79 percent. The broad leaf species of Common Amaranth, Bindweed and Common lambsquarters density, as important potato weeds in all herbicide treatments, mulch and cultivation, decreased compared to weed interference treatment... Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Effects of different plant residue under different tillagepractices on yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
A. Amini M. Rajaei K. Farsi Nejad -
Open Access Article
9 - The Effects of tillage different methods and plant residues management on agro morphologic characteristic of wheat Var Sardari in dry land condition
mohamad bagher jafari noor ali sajedi masoud GomarianIn order to evaluation of the effect of tillagedifferent methods and crop residue management on agromorphologic characteristicof wheat cv. Sardari in dry land condition, a field experiment was conducted asStrip plot based on randomized complete block design with four re MoreIn order to evaluation of the effect of tillagedifferent methods and crop residue management on agromorphologic characteristicof wheat cv. Sardari in dry land condition, a field experiment was conducted asStrip plot based on randomized complete block design with four replication in2012. Factors examined include tillage in four levels: moldboard plow withdisk, chisel, compound tillage and direct seeding as the main plot and theplant residue management in four levels : burning, grazing, complete stubbleand no stubble as the subplot. Theresults showed that, The minimum spike weight was about 0.69 g was obtaineddirect seeding that as compared withmoldboard plow with disk decreased by 25% . The maximum spike weight was about 0.88g that was obtained in the use of chiselthat as compared with moldboard plow with disk increased by 2% . The highestgrain yield equal to 909.81 kg/ha wasrecorded from direct seeding. Using ofdirect seeding increased grain yield than the use of moldboard plow with disk,chisel, and compound tillage 12, 17, and 24 percent, respectively. Interaction effects of tillage and plantresidue showed that the highest yieldequal to 990.5 and 946.63 kg/ha and was belonged to direct seeding along with the grazing and direct seeding along with burning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The effect of cotton, maize, wheat and alfalfa residues on soil ammonium and nitrate concentrations
Kambiz Poori Behnam Kamkar Seyyed Alireza Movahhedi NaeiniThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of crop residues on mineral nitrogen rates of soil using four crop residues of cotton, maize, wheat and alfalfa, urea treatment (90 kg/ha) and control based on completely randomized block design with four replica MoreThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of crop residues on mineral nitrogen rates of soil using four crop residues of cotton, maize, wheat and alfalfa, urea treatment (90 kg/ha) and control based on completely randomized block design with four replications. N fertilizer (urea) was added to residues, in terms of C/N ratio and calculation of nitrogen factor, before incorporating them into the soil to eliminate immobilization. Values of nitrate and ammonium were measured in different stages including tillering, stem elongation, booting, anthesis and physiological ripening. Total N released from alfalfa and wheat residues were 74.66 and 68.23 kg/ha, respectively. Total N mineralized from crop residues was not significant compared with urea treatment. In stage by stage analyses, the lowest and the highest values of total N were obtained in anthesis and booting stages, respectively. Total mineralized N released from crop residues and urea treatment was not significant. Totally, results revealed that if the trend of N releasing time from residues was matched with crop demand pattern, crop residues could be considered as an appropriate source for providing nitrogen. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Effect of tillage method and wheat residual management on some soil properties and grain corn yield in Kerman, Iran
Farzad Azadshahraki hormoz nagavi Hamid najafinejadManagements of tillage and plant residual effect on some soil properties and consequently yield was studied. The goal of this research was to compare the effect of conventional tillage, minimum tillage and no tillage systems and the effect of wheat residues on some soil MoreManagements of tillage and plant residual effect on some soil properties and consequently yield was studied. The goal of this research was to compare the effect of conventional tillage, minimum tillage and no tillage systems and the effect of wheat residues on some soil properties and corn grain yield in the subsequent year. For this purpose, four tillage treatments and two wheat residual managements were selected at Kerman Research Farm Station (Shahid Zendeh Rooh). Tillage treatments were: 1. conventional tillage (CT), 2. minimum tillage (RT), 3. no tillage and planting at the top of furrows (NT1) and 4. no tillage and planting on the base of furrows (NT2). Wheat residual managements were: 1. preservation of previous year wheat residues in the farm and 2. gathering pervious year wheat residues. This experiment was performed as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three reapplications. Soil organic carbon (OC), bulk density (BD) and soil cone index, height of plant, yield and yield components were measured during the experiment. The results showed that OC in CT and RT treatments became minimum and reached to maximum in NT1 and NT2 treatments. The treatments had not any significant effects on BD. Soil cone index in CT treatment was the lowest and increased in RT and became maximum in NT1 and NT2 treatments. Grain yield was high in RT (13.99 ton/ha).The lowest yield was measured in NT1 and NT2 (10.59 and 9.99 ton/ha), respectively. Yield components (rows in ear and 1000 kernel weight) were not affected by the different treatments. It seems that application of the treatments could be efficient on more soil properties in a long term for corn cultivation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - زط
ali jourablo farshad ghoushchi elham morteza
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