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Open Access Article
1 - Evaluation of antifungal effects of garlic essential oil (Alliumsstadium) in Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis in vitro
maryam mirabadi hamid azadegam ghomi mojtaba didehdarObjective: pathogenic Candida species widely distributed in human and animal hosts. 88% of fungal infections and the fourth cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections among all causes of infection. Garlic contains sulfur compounds and fructose are. Sulfur compounds call MoreObjective: pathogenic Candida species widely distributed in human and animal hosts. 88% of fungal infections and the fourth cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections among all causes of infection. Garlic contains sulfur compounds and fructose are. Sulfur compounds called amino acids and these compounds in garlic of sulfide and non-sulfide are divided into two main groups. Materials and Methods: In this study, standard on the environment Dextrose Agar (Merck) and CHROMagar Candida were cultured. Essential oil extracted in a sterile container with lid (according to flee phase) and were stored at 4 ° C for laboratory analysis. To do this extraction method hydro distillation using Clevenger apparatus was used. The inhibition zone measuring the diameter of one-way ANOVA test and ANOVA were calculated at different concentrations of garlic oil. Results:. In the disc diffusion method, a concentration of 250 μg showed that candida albicans are more sensitive. There was a significant difference in the concentration of 1000 μg Candida glabrata in comparison with the Candida tropicalis. The results of MIC showed that Candida albicans (MIC = 0.4) had the lowest MIC and therefore the most sensitive fungi to garlic essential oil. Conclusion: It is well accepted that the pathogen Candida oral candidiasis, Candida albicans and C. glabrata infections, so this control with candidiasis diagnosis and early prevention is of particular importance. For proper treatment, to determine the level of Candida species and genetic analysis to assess clinical isolates of Candida and prevention, especially in hospitalized patients seems necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Acute toxicity and sublethal effects of extracted essential oils of Piper nigrum and Artemisia khorassanica on Trogoderma granarium (Col.: Dermestidae)
Siavash Tirgari A. Rahimzadeh S. Imani Y. FathipourThe Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), is a serious pest of cereal grains such as wheat. In the present research, the lethal and sublethal effects of essential oils (EOs) from Piper nigrum L. and Artemisia khorassanica Podl. were MoreThe Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), is a serious pest of cereal grains such as wheat. In the present research, the lethal and sublethal effects of essential oils (EOs) from Piper nigrum L. and Artemisia khorassanica Podl. were determined against 1st instar larvae of T. granarium. To study the sublethal effects, 1st instar larvae were exposed to the LC30 of each EO, and the life table parameters of the surviving insects were assessed. Artemisia khorassanica (LC50: 39.88 μl/liter air) had higher fumigant toxicity for T. granarium when compared to P. nigrum (LC50: 71.46 μl/liter air). Furthermore, the insecticidal effects of A. khorassanica (LT50: 13.51 h) were faster than P. nigrum (LT50: 15.75 h). Significant differences in the larval and pupal durations were observed in the EO treatments when compared to the control. In addition, the exposure to sublethal concentration of the EOs tested significantly reduced immature survival rate, adult longevity and fecundity. The net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) was significantly affected by EOs tested being lowest in the insects exposed to A. khorassanica. According to our findings, both EOs tested, especially A. khorassanica, are useful for the effective control of T. granarium in warehouses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Toxicity and sub-lethal effects of Vitex agnus-castus L. essential oil as a Juvenile hormone analog on Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)
Siavash Tirgari A. R. Rahimzadeh سهراب imani Y. Fathi purThe Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) is a serious pest of grains such as wheat. In the present study, the lethal and sub-lethal effects of Vitex agnus-castus L. essential oil were studied against T. granarium first instar larvae. To i MoreThe Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) is a serious pest of grains such as wheat. In the present study, the lethal and sub-lethal effects of Vitex agnus-castus L. essential oil were studied against T. granarium first instar larvae. To investigate the sub-lethal effects, the first instar larvae were exposed to the LC30 concentration of the essential oil and the biological parameters of the surviving insects were determined. Vitex agnus-castus essential oil had high fumigant toxicity for first-instar larvae of T. granarium (LC50: 132.14 µl/L air). In addition, V. agnus-castus L. had low mortality time (LT50: 17.27 h), indicating rapid effects of the compound. The larval period of individuals who came from first instar larvae exposed to V. agnus-castus essential oil was significantly longer than control. Also, exposure to the sub-lethal concentration of the tested essential oil significantly reduced the survival of the immature stages, adults’ longevity, and reproduction of adult females. The net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), and finite rate of increase (λ) in the population came from larvae exposed to the essential oil of V. agnus-castus essential oil were 4.02 eggs/female, 0.016 day-1 and 1.016 day-1, respectively, that was significantly lower than the control population (27.55 eggs/female, 0.055 day-1 and 1.056 day-1, respectively). Also, the mean generation time of the essential oil-treated population was about 22 days longer than the control population. According to our findings, V. agnus-castus essential oil is highly toxic to T. granarium larvae and appears to contain a Juvenile hormone analog that is useful for effective control of T. granarium populations in storage systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Inhibitory effect of Carum copticum, Rosa damascene mill, Anethum graveolens and Cuminum cyminum essential oils on some food-borne microbes
T. Abedi N. Asefi S. Hanifian S. DehghanDue to the increasing need to gain knowledge about the inhibitory effects of plants, in this study, the antimicrobial effects of Carum copticum, Rosa damascene, Anethum graveolens and Cuminum cyminum essential oils on some bacteria and yeast were investigated. The essen MoreDue to the increasing need to gain knowledge about the inhibitory effects of plants, in this study, the antimicrobial effects of Carum copticum, Rosa damascene, Anethum graveolens and Cuminum cyminum essential oils on some bacteria and yeast were investigated. The essential oils were extracted using a Clevenger apparatus and their compounds were determined by gas chromatography equipped with a mass spectrometer. Also, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the essential oils were determined and their antimicrobial properties were compared by well-diffusion method. MIC results of Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus showed that Cuminum cyminum essential oil with 50 µg/ml had the lowest bactericidal effect. The essential oils of Carum copticum, Anethum graveolens and Rosa damascene had the highest bactericidal effect with 0.78 μg/ml on the studied bacteria. In the case of Escherichia coli, the highest antimicrobial effect was shown by Carum copticum essential oil at 6.25 μg/ml. Rosa damascene essential oil, with a concentration of 3.12 μg/ml, had the highest antifungal properties on Candida albicans. In the case of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the most antifungal effect was provided by Rosa damascene and Cuminum cyminum essential oils with 0.78 μg/ml. The antibacterial effect of Carum copticum essential oil was higher than the other three essential oils. In the case of yeasts, Rosa damascene and Cuminum cyminum essential oils had the most antifungal effect. According to the results, Carum copticum essential oil in controlling bacteria and Rosa damascene essential oil in controlling studied yeasts are recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigation some of the chemical and antimicrobial properties of laurus nobilis essential oil
Farideh Ghaderi Amir Shakerian zohreh Mashak Ebrahim Rahimi Mahdi JafariDry leaf of trees, their powder and essential oil are used as flavoring agents in the food industry, and due to their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, they increases the shelf life of food. The aim of this research is to investigate the chemical and antimicrobi MoreDry leaf of trees, their powder and essential oil are used as flavoring agents in the food industry, and due to their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, they increases the shelf life of food. The aim of this research is to investigate the chemical and antimicrobial properties of bay leaf essential oil. Extraction of essential oils was done by clevenger method. The results showed that the amount of carbohydrate, total fat and protein in the leaves were 2.93, 6.51 and 6.33 grams per 100 grams of dry matter, respectively, and antioxidant activity, total phenol and flavonoid content of the prepared essential oil, respectively, with IC50 of the number is 0.91 micrograms per milliliter, 0.65 m/g of gallic acid and 0.07 m/g of quercetin. The results of GC-MS showed that the main components of the essential oil include cineole (33.63 %), camphene (19.76 %), eugenol (11.73 %), terpineol (5.30 %), alphapinene (45.45 %.), Sabnin (3.42%), alpha-terpineol (0.45%) and methyl eugenol (0.33%). The evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of laurus nobilis essential oil indicates that the produced essential oil had antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with a halo diameter of 14.60 ± 0.47 mm, while it was effective against Escherichia coli and Salmonella bacteria, respectively. It had less effect with halo diameter of 10.60 ± 0.47 and 9.60 ± 0.47 mm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - تهیه نانو لیپوزوم های حاوی اسانس روغنی پرتقال با استفاده از روش حرارتی
محمدحسین نشاسته گیر محبت محبی محمدحسین حداد خداپرست -
Open Access Article
7 - Study of the effect of essential oils in controlling of blue and green molds rot in orange fruit
Abolfazl Golshan Tafti Gholamreza BaradaranGreen and blue mold rot diseases caused by Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum are the most important postharvest diseases of citrus fruit. In this research, the use of some essential oils (Cuminumcyminum, Zataria multiflora, Mentha piperita) to control blue MoreGreen and blue mold rot diseases caused by Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum are the most important postharvest diseases of citrus fruit. In this research, the use of some essential oils (Cuminumcyminum, Zataria multiflora, Mentha piperita) to control blue and green molds in orange fruits was investigated. Valencia and Jiroft Local oranges were dipped in Penicillium italicum and P. digitatum suspension and were put in waxy papers sprayed with the essential oils at three levels (1, 2.5 and 5%), and thiabendazole fungicide (TBZ) 0.2%. Control fruits were put in waxy papers without any treatments. Then, all the fruits were stored at 8 oC and 85-90% relative humidity for 3 months. Essential oils of Cuminumcyminum (cumin)and Zataria multiflora (Shiraz origanum) were effective on control of blue and green molds in orange varieties at the levels of 5% and 1, 2.5 and 5%, respectively. These treatments had no significant differences with thiabendazole fungicide. The treatments containing mint essential oil had the highest level of rot by blue and green molds. The results of the sensory evaluation showed that the essential oils did not make any special taste in orange varieties. Essential oil of Shiraz origanum in different levels caused improper appearance in the skin of orange varieties and as a result, they obtained the fewer score in the sensory attributes (texture, acceptability). Therefore, for increasing the storage-life of Valencia and Jiroft Local oranges, application of waxy paper containing 5% of cumin essential oil was recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Inhibitory effect of medicinal plant essential oils on the growth of Penicillium sp. isolated from sweet orange
Hamed Shirzadi Abdolhossein Abotalebi JahromiToday plant sources as substitutes for chemicals in food and drugs have received increasing attention. The use of essential oils and plant extracts can certainly be a good alternative as antimicrobial effects of some plants oils has proven. This study was aimed to deter MoreToday plant sources as substitutes for chemicals in food and drugs have received increasing attention. The use of essential oils and plant extracts can certainly be a good alternative as antimicrobial effects of some plants oils has proven. This study was aimed to determine the antifungal effects of essential oils of thyme, cumin, savory and cloves in different concentrations on Penicillium fungus. The antifungal effects of the medicinal plant (thyme, cumin, savory and cloves) essential oils at concentrations of 250, 500 and 750 µl /L were investigated by pour plate method in potato dextrose agar medium. Fungal growth zone diameter was measured after 8 days at 25 ºC and data were analyzed by MSTAT-C software. The essential oils of all plants at all concentrations had significant antifungal effects as compared to the control. But it decreased with increasing the experiment time. Clove oil at all concentrations and thyme oil in 500 and 750 µl /L concentration had the highest anti-fungal effects. The result showed that thyme and clove essential oils have high inhibition effects against Penicillium sp. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Effect of different tillage methods on energy indexes and yield components of safflower
Bahram MirshekariAgricultural machineries must be chosen in such a way that provides the best condition for seed germination and root-growth through consuming less energy. In this research, the effect of different tillage methods (moldboard plow with two disks, chisel plow with two disk MoreAgricultural machineries must be chosen in such a way that provides the best condition for seed germination and root-growth through consuming less energy. In this research, the effect of different tillage methods (moldboard plow with two disks, chisel plow with two disks, two disks and control (Conventional tillage) on yield and energy indexes was studied. The results showed that different tillage methods had significant effect on emergence percentage, but any significant effect in yield components was not observed. Input energy of treatments was qualitatively significant and minimum energy was related to two disks treatments with 9652 MJ. Influence of tillage methods on output energy and energy productivity was not significant. Results revealed that the maximum energy efficiency was related to tillage method with two disks. Manuscript profile
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