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Open Access Article
1 - The role of erythropoietin alginate/chitosan hydrogel on spinal cord injury in rats: A Stereological study
مهدی Gholami حسن Gilanpour جواد SadeghinezhadSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a disabling neurological condition. In this study, first, the total volume of the thoracic spinal cord of healthy rats was calculated using stereology. In the next step, the volume of the thoracic spinal cord in the T9 area, the volume of the MoreSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a disabling neurological condition. In this study, first, the total volume of the thoracic spinal cord of healthy rats was calculated using stereology. In the next step, the volume of the thoracic spinal cord in the T9 area, the volume of the gray matter, white matter, vacuole, scar, and the locomotor function of animals after SCI were calculated. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein that protects cells in various tissues, including the spinal cord, by activating multiple signaling pathways. This study aimed to investigate the role of chitosan alginate hydrogel containing EPO on SCI. We observed that injured rats receiving EPO had improved functional recovery as assessed by the BBB Locomotor Rating in compared sham and negative control groups. Stereological estimates of the thoracic region show that the total volume of gray and white matter in the thoracic region of the rat averaged 126.2886 and 295.1914 mm3, respectively. The mean obtained from the dorsal horn in the thoracic part of the rat was 52.35028 mm3, and the abdominal horn was 60.79638 mm3, or in other words, the mean total volume of the thoracic spinal cord in the rat was 514.06 mm3. In the groups treated with a hydrogel, the amount of vacuole and scar in the spinal cord tissue was significantly reduced compared to the negative control group. Hydrogels containing EPO (1000 IU/kg) can significantly improve the tissue repair of the spinal cord at the injury site. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The Application of Alginate Gum and Transglutaminase Enzyme in Industrial Kefir and Determination of Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of the Product
M. K. Dastgheib Beheshti N. Afra S. SekhavatizadehIntroduction: Kefir is among the probiotic fermented beverages that has been taken into consideration by people since the past. The health effects of this product include decreasing blood cholesterol, improving digestion, preventing gastrointestinal diseases. This study MoreIntroduction: Kefir is among the probiotic fermented beverages that has been taken into consideration by people since the past. The health effects of this product include decreasing blood cholesterol, improving digestion, preventing gastrointestinal diseases. This study attempts to improve the quality of this product by using alginate gum and transgulataminase enzyme and investigate the physicochemical characteristics of the product. Materials and Methods: Initially different concentrations of alginate and transgulataminase were selected in such a way that the sums of two stabilizers became 0.1 percent in the formulation. Evaluations concerned with pH, acidity, viscosity, organoleptic analysis and color were conducted on the first, seventh, fourteenth and twenty first days and free fatty acid profile measurement was carried out at the end of the maintenance phase. Results: The results of this study indicated that transglutaminase enzyme caused an improvement in the texture of the product but did not affect the pH of the product and the sample containing 0.1 % of alginate had the lowest pH. Special sensory test results showed that the simultaneous consumption of alginate with transglutaminase was effective in the establishment and maintenance of the taste. The predominant fatty acid was palmitic acid and different concentrations of alginate and transglutaminase did not affect the free fatty acid profile. Conclusion: The combination of transglutaminase with alginate gum could be effective in the improvement of sensory characteristics of kefir. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Application of Pomegranate Peel Extract (PPE) with Sodium Alginate (Alg-Na) Coating on Fruit Decay Control and Quality Postharvest of Sweet Lemon Fruit cv Mahali
L. Taherpour M. Hosseinifarahi M. RadiIntroduction: Replacement of synthetic pesticides and antifungal compounds with naturalones for reducing the decay of agricultural products is a challenge in the industry.Materials and Methods: In order to investigate the effects of sodium alginate (Alg-Na) andpomegrana MoreIntroduction: Replacement of synthetic pesticides and antifungal compounds with naturalones for reducing the decay of agricultural products is a challenge in the industry.Materials and Methods: In order to investigate the effects of sodium alginate (Alg-Na) andpomegranate peel extract (PPE) on reduction of decay and improving the postharvest qualityof sweet lemon fruit, an experiment based on Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with sixtreatments and three replications was conducted. Treatments included Control (C), SodiumAlginate (Alg-Na 1%), PPE, PPE/Water ratio of 1:1, PPE/Water ratio of 1:2, PPE/Water ratioof 2:1 combined with Alg-Na 1%. Treated fruits were kept for 35 days at 20 oC and the fruitcharacteristics were evaluated at seven day intervals. Traits such as weight loss%, fruitfirmness (N), total acidity (TA %), pH, TSS%, vitamin C, fruit skin color (a*, b* and L*) andorganoleptic properties were measured.Results: The results showed that postharvest application of PPE and Alg-Na 1% hadsignificant effect on maintenance of sweet lemon in storage as compared to untreated fruits.The lowest fruit decay and microbial concentration was obtained in fruit treated with PPE andAlg-Na 1% as compared to other treatments. The lowest weight loss% was obtained in fruittreated with PPE and Alg-Na 1% and the highest was observed in untreated fruits. Fruittreated with PPE and Alg-Na 1% showed the highest fruit firmness at the end of storageperiod as compared to the control. The highest vitamin C at the end of storage was observedin fruit treated with PPE and Alg-Na 1%. The sensory test showed that consumer'sacceptability was increased by increasing the PPE concentration plus at Alg-Na 1%.Conclusion: Our study suggests that the use of PPE combined alginate coating has thepotential to maintain sweet lemon quality and extend its postharvest life to 35 days. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Biosorption of Mn (II) and Removal of Reactive Black B by Combined Biosorption-U/H2O2 Processesin Unit Reactor from Wastewater
rana khalilnezhad reza marandi Morteza KhosraviBackground and Objective: Heavy metals and dyes are released into the environment by industrial activities and technological development more than natural. Because of their toxicity, they have anomalous effects on the environment and on the health of organisms, especial MoreBackground and Objective: Heavy metals and dyes are released into the environment by industrial activities and technological development more than natural. Because of their toxicity, they have anomalous effects on the environment and on the health of organisms, especially humans. Method: In this research, two methods of advanced oxidation and biological adsorption were combined in a single reactor and the pollutants were introduced into the reactor and the percentages of their removal were investigated. . The UV / H2O2 process was used to remove the RBB dye and to remove the manganese ion from a biological adsorbent fixed in sodium alginate. After performing these two processes in the batch system and considering the optimum conditions in the unit reactor, these two processes were combined and the granules were poured into a polyethylene filter and placed inside the reactor embedded in the center of the UV lamp. Findings: According to the results of TOC and COD, it was found that in the case of only UV / H2O2 process, the percent removal of TOC and COD were 35% and 79.5%, respectively, but in the combined condition, the percentage of TOC reduction was 56% and COD It reaches 90.22%. Discussion and Conclusion: The results have shown that the removal efficiency both in terms of decolorization and mineralization is negligible when UV, H2O2 or biosorbent are used alone. Among combining AOP with- biological process schemes tested, we found that the UV/H2O2/biosorbent process was the most effective in reducing the COD, color and TOC of decolorization Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Removal of Cationic Dye Malachite Green from Aqueous Solutions Using a Mixture of Carrageenan and Sodium Alginate Biopolymers in the Presence of Montmorillonite Nanoclay
Behjat Farrokhi Nasim Ziaefar Hossein SheikhloieBackground and Objectives: Cationic dye malachite green is one of the most important toxic compounds in industrial wastewater. Typically, physicochemical or biological methods are used to water treatment and wastewater containing high concentrations of malachite green. MoreBackground and Objectives: Cationic dye malachite green is one of the most important toxic compounds in industrial wastewater. Typically, physicochemical or biological methods are used to water treatment and wastewater containing high concentrations of malachite green. In the present study nanocomposite hydrogels based on carrageenan and sodium alginate in the presence of sodium montmorillonite as Nano clay were synthesized and then used to study the absorption of malachite green from aqueous samples. Methods: Acrylamide was used as a monomer, methylene base acrylamide as an organic cross linker and potassium sulfate as an initiator. The adsorption of cationic dye malachite green by the nanocomposite hydrogels was investigated. The structures of nanocomposite hydrogels were investigated by (FTIR, XRD and SEM) techniques. The effect analytical parameters such as pH, contact time for the removal of dye material by synthesized nanocomposite hydrogels were investigated and optimal conditions were obtained. Finding: According to the results, synthesized nanocomposite hydrogels are sensitive to pH and changes in the amount of carrageenan and sodium alginate. Equilibrium absorption time is 3 hours. The absorption isotherm with Langmuir model and absorption kinetics was more suitable for pseudo-second order kinetic models. Discussion & Conclusion: The rate of removal of malachite green dye increases with increasing amount of Nano clay in the acidic medium. Finally, it can be concluded that the bio-polymer mixture of carrageenan and sodium alginate in the presence of sodium montmorillonite nanoclay is a suitable absorbent to remove the malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Investigating levothyroxine drug release on synthesized nanocomposite containing magnetic cores covered with alginate polymer and metal-organic framework
Zaynab Madadi Fadaeian Manochehr Mohammad Ali GhasemzadeObjectives: Levothyroxine drug is used to treat thyroid diseases, which is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world, and considering that levothyroxine is a hydrophobic drug with low solubility and low stability, it requires an advanced drug delivery system. MoreObjectives: Levothyroxine drug is used to treat thyroid diseases, which is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world, and considering that levothyroxine is a hydrophobic drug with low solubility and low stability, it requires an advanced drug delivery system. Among the targeted drug delivery systems, magnetically modified porous carriers have a high capacity to store drugs due to the presence of side groups, the adaptability of its porosity, and release it over a long period of time and instead of spreading throughout the body, it affects only the desired cell. he does.Materials and methods: The present research deals with preparing and identifying the metal-organic framework and investigating its performance in levothyroxine drug loading and release. First, MnCuFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized and covered by alginate polysaccharide. After that, the metal-organic framework 66-UiO was placed on it and the three-layer composite MnCuFe2O4@Alginate@UiO-66 was made.Findings: loading and release of levothyroxine drug on the synthesized nanocarrier was investigated at pH 7.4. The fabricated nanocomposite was examined by various methods such as SEM, EDX, FT-IR, BET. Nanocomposite was made with cheap and biodegradable raw materials such as alginate using an easy method with targeted drug delivery and magnetic strength.Conclusions: This nanocomposite with 87% loading capacity and 73% levothyroxine release can be used as a new and targeted drug delivery system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Study of Releasing of Doxorubicin Anticancer Drug from Magnetic Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposite Hydrogel
G. Rezanejade Bardajee M.M. Rezaei -
Open Access Article
8 - Preparation and Characterization of Gelatin/ Alginate/ Chondroitin Sulfate/β-TCP/n-CDHA Injectable Composite for Bone Repair Applications
A.R. Chamansara A.A. Behnamghader A. Zamanian -
Open Access Article
9 - The immunogenicity of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 6 alginate conjugate and diphtheria toxoid in BALB/C mouse model
Bahram Sanati Monfared Reza ShapouriInroduction & Objective: Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the infectious pathogenic bacteria in humans. It is considered the cause of pneumonia. It is colonized in the respiratory system of susceptible people such as immunocompromised and AIDS patients and causes MoreInroduction & Objective: Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the infectious pathogenic bacteria in humans. It is considered the cause of pneumonia. It is colonized in the respiratory system of susceptible people such as immunocompromised and AIDS patients and causes chronic and treatment-resistant infections. The aim of the present study is to prepare a vaccine with a conjugated antigen combination and with the ability to induce antibodies and memory immunity experimentally against Streptococcus pneumoniae type 6 in the BALB/C mouse model. Material and Methods: Streptococcus pneumoniae type 6 strain was cultured in Mueller Hinton agar and at the end of the logarithmic phase of growth, it was extracted and concentrated by normal NaOH. The polysaccharide capsule was attached to diphtheria toxoid using (ADH) adipic acid dihydrazide and EDAC. After chromatography, prepare by mixing the polysaccharide capsule conjugate (CPS-DT) with diphtheria toxoid and alginate solution of the desired antigen. The prepared antigens were injected into 4 groups of 15 mice intraperitoneally with two-week intervals. In serum samples, antibody responses were measured by ELISA method. Results: According to the results of the ELISA test, total IgG titer increased from 315 to 1680. Also, IgM and IgA antibody titers increased from 90 to 610 and 18 to 28, respectively. The serum antibodies of the group vaccinated with diphtheria toxoid alginate (ALG-DT) increased statistically significantly after each injection. So that the titer of total IgG, IgM and IgA produced against alginate in the groups vaccinated with conjugate showed a significant increase compared to specific alginate in three injections. Conclusion: The results obtained for the above antibodies were CPS-DT > CPS > DT, and the antibody titer against DT-CPS in IgG was higher than other antibodies, which shows that microparticles Alginate polysaccharide capsule of Streptococcus pneumoniae in conjugated form with diphtheria toxoid increases antibodies. The increase in antibody titer in the groups vaccinated with alginate conjugate indicates the activation of T cells and the creation of immune memory. Therefore, the conjugate of alginate and diphtheria toxoid can be a suitable candidate for preparing a vaccine. The results of the antibody titer obtained against Micro CPS-DT in the groups were IgG>IgM>IgA. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Effect of carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate-based edible coating containing wild garlic (Allium ursinum L.) extract on the shelf-life of lactic cheese
S.M. Mousavi L. , Najafian M. FarsiNowadays, coating by natural materials is one of the novel food preservation methods with extensive applications. Cheese is a popular food, however, its high daily intake due to its high salt content may threaten the health of consumers. In this study, instead of stored MoreNowadays, coating by natural materials is one of the novel food preservation methods with extensive applications. Cheese is a popular food, however, its high daily intake due to its high salt content may threaten the health of consumers. In this study, instead of stored in brine, the novel method for cheese coating was used with the combination of 2% sodium alginate and 3% carboxymethyl cellulose with wild garlic extract at three concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 1.5%. Two uncoated cheese specimens (stored in or out of brine) were considered as the control groups. Physicochemical (pH, acidity and weight loss), microbial (thermophile, psychrophile, mold and yeast count), and sensory properties of the samples were investigated for 21 days at 4 °C. The results showed that during storage, pH decreased significantly (p < 0.05) while acidity, weight loss and microbial load increased. Coating with various ratios affected all of the sensory properties of the cheese samples. So that the highest score of total acceptance was related to the coating with 1.5% wild garlic extract. According to the results, edible coating based on sodium alginate and carboxymethyl cellulose, containing the wild garlic extract, can be used to increase the shelf life of cheese. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The effect of microencapsulation with succinylated alginate on the viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus and the qualitative and sensory properties of yogurt during the storage
M. Forouzantabar S. Hosseinzadeh H. R. Gheisari S. S. ShekarforoushThe use of the microencapsulation technique can lead to an increase in the survival of probiotics in dairy products during storage. Chemical modification is one of the proposed strategies to improve the protective ability of alginate used in microencapsulation. In the c MoreThe use of the microencapsulation technique can lead to an increase in the survival of probiotics in dairy products during storage. Chemical modification is one of the proposed strategies to improve the protective ability of alginate used in microencapsulation. In the current work, the effect of succinylated alginate and its application as a micro-coating on the preparation of Lactobacillus acidophilus microcapsules was evaluated on the qualitative properties (pH, acidity, syneresis, and water holding capacity), sensory properties, and survival of this bacteria in yogurt during 21 days of storage at 4°C. For this purpose, four samples of yogurt including yogurt without L. acidophilus, yogurt containing free L. acidophilus, yogurt containing microencapsulated L. acidophilus with native alginate, and yogurt containing microencapsulated L. acidophilus with succinylated alginate, was prepared. The results of qualitative tests showed that the acidity and syneresis of yogurt containing succinylated alginate microcapsules were lower while the pH and water holding capacity were higher than the other experimental groups. Also, the results of microbial counting and sensory evaluation showed that the microencapsulation of L. acidophilus using succinylated alginate was significantly increased its survival during the storage time (p < /em><0.05) without any adverse effects on the sensory properties. Therefore, microencapsulation with succinylated alginate can be suggested as an effective approach to improve the survival of probiotics in yogurt. TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back // TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back // Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Preparation and evaluation of sodium alginate nanoparticles containing CRM197 protein by ionic gelation method
ُSamira َAghamiri Mojtaba Noofeli Hamid reza Goudarzi Parvaneh Saffarian Zahra Salehi NajafabadiDevelopment of the recombinant vaccines against infectious diseases is dependent on the identification of immunogenic antigens and vaccine delivery systems such as polymeric nanoparticles that are able to stimulate immune responses similar to or better than conventional MoreDevelopment of the recombinant vaccines against infectious diseases is dependent on the identification of immunogenic antigens and vaccine delivery systems such as polymeric nanoparticles that are able to stimulate immune responses similar to or better than conventional vaccines and reduce complications associated with traditional vaccines. At the present study, synthesis and properties of the sodium alginate nanoparticles carrying CRM197 protein as an antigen delivery system were evaluated. Synthesis of the blank optimized without protein loading and protein-containing nanoparticles was performed by ionic gelation method. After designing of the experiment (DoE) and determining the influential physicochemical factors in ideal nanoparticles synthesis; size, zeta potential, morphology, encapsulation efficiency, release pattern and FT-IR spectroscopy were investigated. The optimized nanoparticles were prepared at a concentration of 0.2% w/v sodium alginate, 0.1% w/v calcium chloride, 0.04% w/v poly-L-lysine during 45 minutes of stirring at 2000 rpm and in pH 6.5. The average nanoparticle size for blank and CRM197 loaded nanoparticles were 88 and 245 nm also zeta potential -21 and -24.2 mV, respectively. LE and LC were >80% and >20%, respectively, associated with a stable and long-term encapsulated protein release pattern from nanoparticles. Absence of local and systemic signs, as well as weight gain in the mice group studied, indicated the safety of the nanoparticles and CRM197 protein combination. Based upon the above achievements, alginate nanoparticles can be used as an antigen delivery system for targeted delivery with controlled, slow release and improved stability of recombinant diphtheria antigen (CRM197) for immunization against diphtheria disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - اثر کاربرد صمغ کتیرا و آلژینات سدیم بر خواص فیزیکوشیمیایی و حسی نان بروتچن
لیلا ناطقی -
Open Access Article
14 - Effect of sodium alginat and cinnamon essential oil on shelf life of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fillets in refrigerated storage
الهام آل طیب لاله رومیانی منصوره قائنیIn this study was conducted to investigate the effect of sodium alginate and cinnamon essential oils on shelf life of fillets of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fillets in refrigerated storage. Fish fillets were treated in sodium alginate (control) and sodium MoreIn this study was conducted to investigate the effect of sodium alginate and cinnamon essential oils on shelf life of fillets of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fillets in refrigerated storage. Fish fillets were treated in sodium alginate (control) and sodium alginate treatments containing 0.5, 1 and 1.5% cinnamon oil in order to achieve the best percentage of oil and each with 3 replicates were prepared. Chemical (TBA, TVB-N, pH, PV), microbial (TVC) factors and organoleptic characteristics at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 day were evaluated. Results showed that with increasing storage time, the pH of the treatments studied had no significant difference (P> 0.05).In all treatments, PV value from the limited level (10-20 mEq/ kg lipid) not higher. Changes of TBA in 1.5% essential oil of cinnamon coated fillet were less than other treatments (P< 0.05). In all treatments, TVB-N values was showed significant different (P< 0.05) on the 9th, 15th and 20th. TVC counts were not higher than 7 log cfu/ g in 1 and 1.5 % treatments of essential oil. Sensory characteristics of treatments were not acceptable on 20th day. The results showed that sodium alginate coating contains essential oils of cinnamon in silver carp fillets during refrigerated storage at 1.5 % cinnamon essential oil treatments was 15 days. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Anti-mold properties of alginate coating incorporating essential oil of Pistacia atlantica subsp. kurdica on bread
Elham Ahmadipoor samira bahramianAntimicrobial agents can be incorporated into edible films and coatings to reduce the risk of microbial growth on food surfaces. This offers advantages such as the use of small antimicrobial concentrations and low diffusion rates. Therefore, this study aimed to determin MoreAntimicrobial agents can be incorporated into edible films and coatings to reduce the risk of microbial growth on food surfaces. This offers advantages such as the use of small antimicrobial concentrations and low diffusion rates. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antifungal effect of Pistacia atlantica subsp. Kurdica essential oil in sodium alginate coating against Penicillium chrysogenum growth in bread. First, minimum inhibitory concentration of essential oil (EO) against mold was determined by agar dilution method. Then, the EO with or without alginate coating was applied on bread surface and the percent inhibition of radial growth was determined. The results showed that Bene’s EO at concentration of 25 mL/L inhibits the mold growth. At concentration of 125 mL/L of EO on bread surface, without alginate coating 71.28% and with alginate 74.45% mold growth inhibition was observed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - کپسوله کردن آلیسین در نانوذرات پلیمری زیست تخریب پذیر و بررسی ویژگیهای نانوکپسولها
مهین فکور یزدان آباد قدیر رجب زاده سعید تقوایی گنجعلی -
Open Access Article
17 - Vanadium cross-linked CMC-PEG-PLGA based on nanocomposite hydrogel with sodium alginate coating as a pH-sensitive insulin delivery system
Seyyed Nabiollah Hosseini Asieh Abbassi Dolavi Seyed Javad Zia-e-Haq Ayyub Saeedi: In recent years, significant advances have been made in the use of biomedical polymers as targeted carriers for the release of drugs, proteins, and growth factors. Vanadium (V) nanocomposite hydrogels were prepared in this study due to the formation of vanadium nanopa More: In recent years, significant advances have been made in the use of biomedical polymers as targeted carriers for the release of drugs, proteins, and growth factors. Vanadium (V) nanocomposite hydrogels were prepared in this study due to the formation of vanadium nanoparticles inside the swollen CMC hydrogels. The formation of vanadium (V) nanoparticles in hydrogels has been studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) experimental techniques. The XRD patterns analysis confirmed the formation of vanadium nanoparticles in a hydrogel matrix, and scanning electron microscopy micrographs also showed that the size of the nanoparticles was from 22 to 74 nm in the hydrogel matrix. The swelling behavior of nanocomposite hydrogels was studied at pH of 2.1 and 7.4. Hydrogels have shown better water absorption in less pH. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicates the interaction between polysaccharides and the samples taken from the drug indicate that the drug-loaded peaks were loaded appropriately. With the release of drug from nanocomposite and pure hydrogel hydrogels, it was observed that its release rate in nanocomposite hydrogels was lower and the amount of its release decreased with increasing percentage of nanoparticles. In the cytotoxicity test after 24 h, the cell viability was in the range of 74.35% -96.05% (compared with the control sample, which was 100%). In the hydrogel nanocomposite sample containing insulin had the lowest cell viability of insulin 31.25 μg/ml after 24 h and it had the highest cell viability at 1000 (μg/ml) concentration with 25.7% cell cytotoxicity compared to the control group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Bio-ethanol production by an autochthonous Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized in alginate-chitosan complex carrier under furfural tension
Mahroo Ahooy Simin Azadeh Tofighi Mohammad Hosein-Arash AsadiradBackground & Objectives: One of the major problems in bio-ethanol production is formation of toxic compounds such as furfural and hydroxymethyl furfural from acidic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials. Cells immobilization is a useful method for protecting micro MoreBackground & Objectives: One of the major problems in bio-ethanol production is formation of toxic compounds such as furfural and hydroxymethyl furfural from acidic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials. Cells immobilization is a useful method for protecting microorganisms against direct physicochemical tensions and reusing them. This study was conducted to assess the effect of alginate-chitosan complex carrier on immobilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to enhance the yield of ethanol production in the presence of furfural. Methods & Materials: In this study, S. cerevisiae AT-1350 were immobilized in alginate-chitosan complex carrier. Then, 3 g/L of furfural was added to the fermentation medium as the stressor. Glucose consumption was determined using glucose sensing kit. High performance liquid chromatography was used to measure the amount of ethanol production. Results: The results showed that the ethanol yield was decreased 21% by non-immobilized autochthonous yeast, in the medium containing 3 g/L furfural as compared to the control (furfural-free medium). On the other hand, in the presence of furfural, using yeast immobilized in alginate-chitosan complex increased the ethanol yield 6.9% and 14.4% in comparison with yeasts immobilized in alginate and non-immobilized yeasts, respectively. Conclusion: The alginate-chitosan complex can be used as a suitable carrier to immobilize and protect yeast cells against tensions and thusto enhance the ethanol yield obtained from lignocellulosic wastes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Evaluation of the synergistic effect of bacterial recombinant alginate lyase and therapeutic antibiotics on the growth of planktonic Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Hadis Tavafi Ahya Abdi- Ali Parinaz Ghadam Sara GharaviBackground & Objectives: Alginate is one of the most important virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effect of recombinant alginate lyase and common antibiotics in the treatment of Pseudomonas&n MoreBackground & Objectives: Alginate is one of the most important virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effect of recombinant alginate lyase and common antibiotics in the treatment of Pseudomonas infections on the growth of planktonic cells of P. aeruginosa. Materials & Methods: In this study, P. aeruginosa TAG48 was isolated and identified from the clinical sample. To purify alginate lyase and its effect on planktonic cells, the alginate lyase gene (algL) was isolated, cloned, sequenced and expressed. The resultant enzyme was purified by affinity chromatography. The ciprofloxacin, tobramycin, and cefixime were also used to test the effectiveness of these antibiotics on planktonic cells of P. aeruginosa by carrying out MIC, MBC. The synergistic effects of these antibiotics and the recombinant alginate lyase enzyme on planktonic cells were evaluated. Results: Our results indicated that the antibiotics and the enzyme have shown MIC for ciprofloxacin, tobramycin, cefixime and enzyme in the following concentrations: 4, 16,128 and 9.37 μg/ml, respectively. MBC was also calculated equal to MIC. Also, alginate lyase exhibited synergy with tobramycin and cefixime on the growth of planktonic cells of P. aeruginosa TAG48 but not with ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: Regarding the importance of alginate in the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa, its degradation could reduce this characteristic of the bacteria. Detection of novel algL genes in bacterial communities can also lead the way for the study of alginate lyases with specific activities against alginates from pathogenic bacteria in microbial samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Comparison of function of immobilized and free Bacillus licheniformis cells in production of alkaline protease
Mohammad Mashhadi-Karim Mehrdad Azin Seyyed Latif Mousavi Gargari Meysam SarsharAbstract Background and Objective: Proteases are an important group of industrial enzymes, which are widely used in different industries such as detergent, leather tanning, pharmaceutical, and food industries. The aim of this study was to immobilize Bacillus lichenifor MoreAbstract Background and Objective: Proteases are an important group of industrial enzymes, which are widely used in different industries such as detergent, leather tanning, pharmaceutical, and food industries. The aim of this study was to immobilize Bacillus licheniformis cells in calcium alginate beads and study of its effects on the amount of alkaline protease production. Effects of several different conditions on stability of the beads were also examined. Material and Methods: Bacillus licheniformis cells were immobilized in calcium alginate beads and were used for production of alkaline protease. The amount of enzyme production was compared in immobilized and free-cell fermentation. Effect of stuffing rate (%) on the enzyme production was studied. Optimum pH and temperature of enzyme activity were also determined. Furthermore, effects of pH, curing time and treating the beads by glutaraldehyde on stability of the beads were examined. Results: In this study the amount of production and productivity of protease in immobilized cells state showed an increase of 74% and 54% in comparison to free cells state, respectively. The highest amount of the production of the enzyme was obtained in stuffing rate of 5% (v/v). Optimum pH and temperature of the enzyme activity were determined 8 and 65oC, respectively. The highest stability of the beads was observed at curing time of 1 hour at pH of 7.4. Treating the beads by glutaraldehyde was detrimental to their stability. Conclusion: Use of immobilized cells of Bacillus licheniformis in calcium alginate beads on the one hand, can increase productivity of the alkaline protease in comparison to free cells method, and on the other hand, reduces the cost of the enzyme production because of eliminating the need of preparation of inoculum for the new batches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Immunization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa alginate - conjugated to diphteria toxoid in mice
Ghazaleh Jaberi Reza Shapouri Ashraf KariminikBackground and Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important infectious agent in medicine. These bacteria cause several infections especially in the patient with high degrees of burns and in immunodeficiency cases. The purpose of this study was providi MoreBackground and Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important infectious agent in medicine. These bacteria cause several infections especially in the patient with high degrees of burns and in immunodeficiency cases. The purpose of this study was providing conjugated antigen component that can induct production of antibody and memory immune in mouse model against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Materials and Methods: After culturing P. aeruginosa strain PAO1 and extraction of alginate, Diphteria toxoid, ADH and EDAC were added as protein carrier, spacer and linker, respectively to the alginate. After passing the Alginate diphtheria toxoid conjugated (ALG-DT) through chromatography column (CL-2B), its quality was checked to get the quality control label. The prepared antigens were intraperitoneally injected to BALB/c mice (10µg/ml/mouse) for three times once each two weeks. Blood sampling was performed after two weeks of each injection and the levels of serum IgG, IgA and IgM were measured by ELISA. Results: The titer of serum antibodies of vaccinated group with ALG-DT increased significantly after each injection. The levels of serum IgG, IgM and IgA against alginate in vaccinated group was significantly more than the control groups, and after third injection reached to 3.5, 1.7 and 1.2 times increases, respectively. Conclusion: The increases in the levels of antibodies in vaccinated groups are an indicator of activation of T-cells and memory cells. As a result, the conjugated alginate-diphtheria toxoid can be appropriate candidates for production of vaccine. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - اثرات ضداکسیداسیونی و ضدباکتریایی پوشش آلژینات سدیم با عصاره جلبک Entromorpha sp.) ( بر افزایش زمان ماندگاری فیله ماهی کپور معمولی نگهداری شده در یخچال
سید روح الله جوادیان فاطمه غریبی سعید سلطانی سمیه بهرام -
Open Access Article
23 - تاثیر استفاده از پوشش ترکیبی پروتئین آب پنیر و سدیم آلژینات بر تغییرات کیفی ماهی کیلکا(Clupeonella delicatula) در زمان نگهداری سردخانه ای
مینا سیف زاده عباسعلی مطلبی -
Open Access Article
24 - Differentiation Effect of Exosomes Derived from Monocytes and Macrophages on Chitosan Alginate Drip Scaffolds
Nasrin Hosseini Javad Baharara Khadijeh Nejad Shahrokhabadi Saeedeh Zafar BalanezhadBone injuries are one of the challenges of medical science which costs a lot of money in the world for the treatment every year. Exosomes are nanovesicles which carry the proteins and genetic material into the target cell, which in turn, induces the proliferation, cell MoreBone injuries are one of the challenges of medical science which costs a lot of money in the world for the treatment every year. Exosomes are nanovesicles which carry the proteins and genetic material into the target cell, which in turn, induces the proliferation, cell survival, and differentiation in the recipient cell. These features make exosomes a proper differentiation factor. This study aimed to investigate the differentiating effect of exosomes derived from the monocytes and macrophages on chitosan alginate drip scaffolds. Chitosan-alginate scaffolds were made by drip method with fat stem cells. Monocytes were cultured, and the supernatant was collected, and the exosomes were collected by the ultracentrifugation. Exosomes were identified by DLS and SEM methods. The samples were treated, and then MTT and DAPI tests were performed. The osteogenic differentiation was examined by alkaline phosphatase and real-time PCR. MTT results showed that the survival rate of differentiated cells with exosomes on days 7, 14, and 21 was increased compared to control group. Moreover, DAPI results showed no cell death in the treatment groups, and the results of the alkaline phosphatase test showed an increase with the control group, and also the results of real-time PCR increased the expression of genes BMP2/6, SMAD4 and differentiation genes Osc and Opn in the treatment group. This study showed that the exosomes derived from the monocytes and macrophages could cause survival and osteogenic differentiation of the fat mesenchymal cells in the chitosan alginate scaffold. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - The Study of the Viability of Human Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Alginate Capsules
Zahra Poursafavi Saeed Abroun Saeid Kaviani Jebeli Nasim Hayati RoudbariStem cells with high proliferative capacity can be isolated from different tissues of the body. These cells originate from the fetal mesoderm and are found in tissues such as bone marrow, fat tissue, amniotic fluid, and Wharton's jelly. In this study, the survival of Wh MoreStem cells with high proliferative capacity can be isolated from different tissues of the body. These cells originate from the fetal mesoderm and are found in tissues such as bone marrow, fat tissue, amniotic fluid, and Wharton's jelly. In this study, the survival of Wharton's jelly human mesenchymal stem cells inside alginate capsules after 7, 14 and 21 days has been investigated. In this experimental study, 10 umbilical cord samples were obtained from pregnant mothers during caesarean section, and the vessels of the umbilical cord samples were isolated. Then it was cultured in DMEM-HG medium containing 10% FBS serum for 5 days. To show the stemness of these cells, CD73, CD34 and CD45 markers were evaluated by flow cytometry technique. After confirmation, the cells were encapsulated in alginate hydrogels. The viability of encapsulated cells was evaluated by trypan blue and MTT. The results showed that the capsules are spherical and have a uniform border and are homogeneously dispersed throughout the capsule. Wharton jelly encapsulation of mesenchymal stem cells did not change their morphology and viability. After 21 days, the survival of the encapsulated cells was maintained. Alginate as a three-dimensional biodegradable scaffold with suitable cell viability can be used as a suitable option for cell therapy and tissue engineering with the property of non-graft rejection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Design, Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles Coated with Chitosan/Alginate Polymer
Elham Rostami Elham HovaziIn recent years, the use of nanoparticles in diagnosis, drug delivery and treatment has received much attention due to the small size of these particles and the increase in the surface-to-volume ratio. The most important problem when treating cancer with chemotherapy is MoreIn recent years, the use of nanoparticles in diagnosis, drug delivery and treatment has received much attention due to the small size of these particles and the increase in the surface-to-volume ratio. The most important problem when treating cancer with chemotherapy is the lack of access to the central parts of the mass due to its less blood supply. The purpose of this research was to investigate the toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles coated with chitosan/alginate biopolymer on melanoma cancer cells of Hep G2 cells. In this research, magnetic iron nanoparticles were coated with two biopolymers, chitosan and alginate. The size and morphology of the surface of these nanoparticles were checked by size measuring device and scanning electron microscope, also the binding of functional groups of chitosan and alginate to magnetic iron nanoparticles was checked by infrared spectrometer. It was treated using magnetic iron nanoparticles and modified nanoparticles for 24 hours and the IC50 concentration of the compounds was estimated. The toxic properties of these nanoparticles were evaluated by MTT test and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. Examining the photos of the scanning electron microscope and the size measuring device showed a size of 50 nm for the modified iron nanoparticles. The shape of these nanoparticles was observed to be completely round and spherical. Biological investigations of nanoparticles definitely confirmed the effective coating of nanoparticles by chitosan and alginate biopolymers. According to the findings, magnetic iron nanoparticles had higher toxic effects depending on the concentration and their IC50 concentration was about 134 μM/ml, while the coated nanoparticles had significantly lower toxic effects and at concentrations below 25 μM/ml, they had no significant toxicity on Hep G2 cells. . Manuscript profile
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