Developing a human resource productivity model grounded in personnel material benefits

Subject Areas : human resource management

Husam Adnan Ahmed Ahmed ¹ , Sayyed Mohammadreza Davoodi ^{2 *} , Ahmed Abdullah Amanah Alshammari ³ , mehraban hadi paykani ⁴

1 - PhD student in Public Administration - Human Resources, Isfahan(Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
2 - Department of Management, Deh.c, Islamic Azad University ,Isfahan, Iran
3 - 3Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management and Economics, Karbala University, Karbala, Iraq.
4 - Department of Management ,Isf.c, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

Received: 2025-04-02 Accepted : 2025-06-07 Published : 2025-08-06

Keywords: Productivity, Human Resources Productivity, Material Benefits,

Abstract :

Background and Objective: Employee productivity refers to the contribution of personnel to the organization and serves as a comparative measure that assesses the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization. The objective of the current study is to develop a human resource productivity model grounded in the material benefits derived from personnel, utilizing thematic and structural-interpretive methodologies.

Research Method: This study is applied in nature regarding its purpose and employs a survey approach in terms of methodology, utilizing a mixed qualitative-quantitative research design. The statistical population comprised managers of the Iraqi Civil Defense Organization, with a focus on quantitative data. The sampling techniques included purposive and snowball sampling methods, through which ten experts were interviewed until theoretical saturation was achieved. The research instruments consisted of a semi-structured interview and a researcher-developed questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted qualitatively utilizing thematic analysis, while quantitative data were analyzed employing the fuzzy Delphi method and the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) technique.

Findings: The research findings delineate five principal dimensions, namely: equitable and competitive compensation and wages; bonuses and fringe benefits; job security and financial stability; opportunities for financial growth through performance; and support for work-life balance accompanied by economic advantages. In the quantitative section, specifically within the fuzzy Delphi method, the components were ultimately validated through a two-stage process. In the interpretive structural analysis, the components were organized into three hierarchical levels, with equitable and competitive salaries identified as the most influential element.

Conclusion: The influence of payment systems on employee motivation and performance constitutes a significant metric within organizations. In other words, this study proposes that financial incentives serve to enhance operational productivity.

References:

Abdelwahed, N. A. A., & Doghan, M. A. A. (2023). Developing employee productivity and performance through work engagement and organizational factors in an educational society. Societies, 13(3), 65. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc13030065
Aboramadan, M., Albashiti, B., Alharazin, H., & Zaidoune, S. (2020). Organizational culture, innovation and performance: a study from a non-western context. Journal of Management Development, 39(4), 437-451.‏ https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-06-2019-0253
Amini, C. A., & Hidayat, R. (2023). The Influence of Kaizen Culture, Work Discipline on Productivity with Implementation of Employee Performance at PT. Mandom Indonesia. Kontigensi: Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, 11(1), 20-29. https://doi.org/10.56457/jimk.v11i2.307
Anakpo, G., Zanele, N., & Syden, M. (2023). The impact of work-from-home on employee performance and productivity: a systematic review. Sustainability 15, no. 5 (2023): 4529. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054529
Aqel Azad, F., Najafzadeh, M. R., Janani, H., & Barghi Moghadam, J. (2023). Designing a Human Resource Productivity Model Based on Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Organizational Productivity (Case Study of Employees of Sports and Youth Departments of East Azerbaijan Province). Physiology and Management Research in Sports, 15(1), 115-128 [In Persian]. 20.1001.1.1735.5354.1402.15.1.12.7.677.
Ariani, M., Tamara, D., Malik, A. R., & Darma, D. C. (2024). With job satisfaction or not? The role of job satisfaction in the relationship between training and rewards on employee productivity. ECONOMICS-Innovative and Economics Research Journal, 12(3). https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1286977
Azarm, F., Nourbakhsh, P., Noorbakhsh, M., & Sepasi, H. (2021). Designing a model for the development of human capital in Iranian university sport. Research on Educational Sport, 9(24), 137-160 [In Persian]. doi: 10.22089/res.2021.9490.1961
Basahal, A., Jelli, A. A., Alsabban, A. S., Basahel, S., & Bajaba, S. (2022). Factors influencing employee productivity–A Saudi manager’s perspective. International journal of business and management, 17(1), 39-51. 10.5539/ijbm.v17n1p39
Bashkooh Ajirloo, M., & Mohammad Naqvi. S. (2023). Designing a simulation model for developing human resource productivity in the General Directorate of Sports and Youth of Yazd Province. Human Resource Management in Sports. 10(2), 231-252 [In Persian]. 10.22044/shm.2023.12757.2534.
Bogatyreva, I., & Ilyukhina, L. (2022). Influence of material interest of transportation personnel on the growth of labor productivity. Transportation Research Procedia, 63, 13-20.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2022.05.002
Bogatyreva, I., & Ilyukhina, L. (2022). Influence of material interest of transportation personnel on the growth of labor productivity. Transportation Research Procedia, 63, 13-20.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2022.05.002
Chloe, B. (2023). Workforce Development, Nursery World, doi: 10.12968/nuwa.2023.10.22a
Coffeng, J. K., Hendriksen, I. J., Duijts, S. F., Proper, K. I., van Mechelen, W., & Boot, C. R. (2012). The development of the Be Active & Relax “Vitality in Practice” (VIP) project and the design of an RCT to reduce the need for recovery in office employees. BMC Public Health, 12(1):1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458- 12-592
Diawati, P., Gadzali, S. S., Abd Aziz, M. K. N., Ausat, A. M. A., & Suherlan, S. (2023). The Role of Information Technology in Improving the Efficiency and Productivity of Human Resources in the Workplace. Jurnal Teknologi Dan Sistem Informasi Bisnis, 5(3), 296-302.‏ https://doi.org/10.47233/jteksis.v5i3.872
Helalat, A., Sharari, H., Alhelalat, J., & Al-aqrabawi, R. (2025). Transformational Leadership and Employee Productivity: A Further Insight Using Work Engagement. Innovative and Economics Research Journal, 1(1), 1301-1306. https://ejournal.unuja.ac.id/index.php/icesh/article/view/5651
Heriyono, H., Chrysoekamto, R., Fitriah, R. N., & Kartiko, A. (2021). Gaya
Kepemimpinan Prof. Dr. Kh. Asep Saifuddin Chalim Dalam Meningkatkan
Motivasi Kerja Karyawan Di Pesantren. Munaddhomah: Jurnal Manajemen
Pendidikan Islam, 2(1), 21–30. Https://Doi.Org/10.31538/Munaddhomah.V2i1.64
Ichdan, D. A. (2024). Analysis of employee performance through productivity: The role of kaizen culture, motivation, and work discipline in the manufacturing industry. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 4(1), 13-28. https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v4i1.2158
Irina, B., & Larisa, I. (2022). 1. Influence of material interest of transportation personnel on the growth of labor productivity. Transportation research procedia, 63, 13-20. doi: 10.1016/j.trpro.2022.05.002
Juliadi, E., Syafri, M., & Hidayati, N. (2023). The Effect of Training and Development on Employee Productivity in the Digital Age. West Science Journal Economic and Entrepreneurship, 1(10), 493-499.‏ 10.58812/wsjee.v1i10.289
Kurniawan, R., Darmawati, T., & Puspita, S. (2024). Influence occupational health safety and work discipline on employee productivity at the energy and mineral resources department of South Sumatra. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Business Studies, 1(4), 677-687. https://doi.org/10.35912/jomabs.v1i4.2285
Linda, M. R., Thabrani, G., & Firman, F. (2020). The role of human capital and knowledge management in innovation. 8th International Conference of Entrepreneurship and Business Management Untar (ICEBM 2019), 145, 261-267. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200626.046
Maidin, A. M. R., Putera, W., & Maidin, M. S. (2024). Leadership Communication in Increasing Employee Work Productivity. European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, 2(4), 585-594.‏ https://doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(4).50
Miftahudin, M. (2018). Strategi Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Karyawan. Tadbir: Jurnal Manajemen Dakwah, 3(2), 1– 16. Https://Doi.Org/10.15575/Tadbir.V3i2.1161
Mlinarević, V., Tokić Zec, R., & Cvjetičanin, A. (2021). A Model Of Transformational Leadership In The Organisational Culture Of Preschool Institution. Center For Educational Policy Studies Journal. Https://Doi.Org/10.26529/Cepsj.1159
Mulianingsih, S. (2020). Pengaruh Strategi Manajemen Perubahan Dan Kepemimpinan Transformasional Dalam Merubah Budaya Organisasi. Papatung: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Publik, Pemerintahan Dan Politik, 3(3), 42–52.
Https://Doi.Org/10.54783/Japp.V3i3.314
Nahdiyah K. Y. N., & Maunah, B. (2021). Kepemimpinan Transformasional Di Lembaga Pendidikan Islam. Scaffolding: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Dan Multikulturalisme, 3(2), 76–84. Https://Doi.Org/10.37680/Scaffolding.V3i2.925
Nguyen, H. V., & Truong, T. H. (2023). How financial and non–financial rewards moderate the relationships between transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and job performance. Cogent Business & Management, 10(1), 2173850.‏ https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2173850
Notanubun Z. (2021). The effect of organizational citizenship behavior and leadership effectiveness on public sectors organizational performance: Study in the Department of Education, Youth, and Sports in Maluku Province, Indonesia. Public Organization Review, 21,1-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-020- 00475-4.
Omidi, M., Nazem, F., & Imani, M. N. (2022). Designing a model for improving human resource productivity based on organizational learning and cultural capital of employees of the Tehran Province Education Organization. Marine Science Education, 3(14), 129-145 [In Persian]. https://sanad.iau.ir/fa/Article/1109940?FullText=FullText.
Rehan, R., Iqbal, M. S., Hye, Q. M. A., & Sa’ad, A. A. (2024). Impact of high-performance practices on financial and non-financial performance of organizations: The moderating role of employee productivity. Journal of Management World, 2024(3), 97-109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53935/jomw.v2024i3.281
Rivai, A. (2020). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional Dan Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. 3. https://jurnal.umsu.ac.id/index.php/MANEGGIO/article/view/5291
Shahnazi, R., (2021). Do information and communications technology spillovers affect labor productivity? Structural Change and Economic Dynamics 59, 342-359. DOI:10.1016/j.strueco.2021.09.003
Sokura, D. I. (2024). Personnel motivation as a factor of improvement of management system efficiency. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/95718
Suknunan, S., & Bhana, A. (2022). Influence of employee-manager relationship on employee performance and productivity. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 20(3), 28-42. DOI:10.21511/ppm.20(3).2022.03
Tabaqchi Akbari, L., Babazadeh, S., & Akhondzadeh, Y. (2022). Nonlinear Effects of Financial Integration and Inflation on Labor Productivity in Selected Developing Countries: Markov Switching Approach. Financial Economics, 16(60), 249-280 [In Persian]. 10.30495/fed.2022.697614.
Tarigan, J., Cahya, J., Valentine, A., Hatane, S., & Jie, F. (2022). Total reward system, job satisfaction and employee productivity on company financial performance: evidence from Indonesian Generation Z workers. Journal of Asia Business Studies, 16(6), 1041-1065.‏ https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-04-2021-0154
Torabi, N., & Jamshidvand, A. (2022). Investigating Factors Affecting Human Resource Productivity in Government Organizations. International Journal of Current Science Research and Review, 5(1), 44-49 [In Persian].
Uka, A., & Prendi, A. (2021). Motivation as an indicator of performance and productivity from the perspective of employees. Management & Marketing. Challenges for the Knowledge Society, 16(3), 268-285.‏ DOI:10.2478/mmcks-2021-0016
Valentin, A., & Danilina, A.. (2024). Methodological aspects of assessing the effectiveness of the use of labor resources and personnel adaptation. Management of the personnel and intellectual resources in Russia, 12(6), 64-71. 10.12737/2305-7807-2024-12-6-64-71
Volodin, S. F. (2022). 2. Experience of Material Incentives for Workers of Military Factories in the Early Years of the NEP (on the Example of the Tula Cartridge Factory). Genesis: istoričeskie issledovaniâ, 11, 44-57. doi: 10.25136/2409-868x.2022.11.39164
Widayati, C., H. Rahardjo, T., & Febriyanti, M. (2017). Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Motivasi Dan Kompensasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Jurnal Ekonomi, 22(3). Https://Doi.Org/10.24912/Je.V22i3.286
Wulandari, D., Risdianto, E., Masito, F., Setiawan, I., & Efendi, R. (2022). Analysis of E-Module Development Needs on the Topic of Quantity and Units at High Schools in Payakumbuh, JMKSP (Jurnal Manajemen, Kepemimpinan, dan Supervisi Pendidikan), 7(1), 210–227, https://doi.org/10.31851/jmksp.v7i1.6492
Yuan, Ren., Dan, Li., Chengzhang, Wang., Jianjun, Zhang., Lingling, Liu. (2023). Application of Big Data Algorithm in the Design of Human Resource Efficiency Analysis Model. doi: 10.1109/iiotbdsc60298.2023.00030.
Zare, R., Timornejad, K., & Rajab Beigi, M. (2023). Model for evaluating the productivity of knowledgeable human resources in the Iranian automotive industry in line with the implementation of resistance economy policies. Strategic and Macro Policies, 11(41), 32-55 [In Persian]. 10.30507/jmsp.2022.336367.2404
Zebua, S., & Chakim, M. H. R. (2023). Effect of Human Resources Quality, Performance Evaluation, and Incentives on Employee Productivity at Raharja High School. APTISI Transactions on Management (ATM), 7(1), 1-7.‏ DOI: https://doi.org/10.33050/atm.v7i1.1732