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        1 - Analysis of Common Rules in the Methods of Criticizing the Hadith of Muslims and the Methods of Dating the Hadiths of Orientalists
        marjan shiri nosrat nilsaz
        Hadith is considered by Muslims as one of the most important sources of religious teachings and rules of Sharia, and the validity of the Hadith means that it is correctly attributed to its main speaker, Muslims have examined the authenticity of the Hadiths, not determin More
        Hadith is considered by Muslims as one of the most important sources of religious teachings and rules of Sharia, and the validity of the Hadith means that it is correctly attributed to its main speaker, Muslims have examined the authenticity of the Hadiths, not determined the date of their origin. However, correcting or falsifying a Hadith is implicitly related to the issue of time. Counting correctly means accepting the issuance at the time of main speaker, but there are two possibilities in ruling that the narration is fake: being made by a person at the time of the main speaker; Forgery at a later time. Western scholars consider Hadith as a historical source and the important issue for them is to determine the temporal and spatial origin of Hadiths, they have invented methods for this purpose that have evolved over time.This study with the view that what evidence of attention to the issue of time and geographical origin of the narrations in the methods of critique of Muslim Hadith can be found by analyzing a part of the Hadith heritage has concluded that some rules and points considered by scholars and Muslim narrators share the rules and points that orientalists have used in various ways of dating. Among these cases. examining the writings and different methods of a Hadith, paying attention to the common narrator. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Determining the Origin of the Assimilation of Jesus and Mahdi with the Dating of Narratives
        Ensieh al-Sadat  Eskaf Nosrat  Nil Saz Kazem  Ghazi Zadeh Hosein  Khandagh Abadi
        In various religions, the concept of the Expected Savior has been ingrained as the culmination of the End times. According to Islamic sources and some non-Islamic references, the Prophet (pbuh) foretold the appearance of a Savior, although there are different perspectiv More
        In various religions, the concept of the Expected Savior has been ingrained as the culmination of the End times. According to Islamic sources and some non-Islamic references, the Prophet (pbuh) foretold the appearance of a Savior, although there are different perspectives on his identity. Some claim that the anticipated Savior foretold by the Prophet (pbuh) would not arise from within the Islamic community, but rather the return of Jesus Christ was prophesied. However, over the course of a continuous transformation, Muslims marginalized Jesus and replaced him with the familiar designation of Mahdi. One of the documents supporting this perspective is the narrative of al-Mahdi is Jesus son of Mary. The article seeks to investigate the claim of attributing this narrative to the Prophet (pbuh), and through various methods of historical dating, including exploration of the oldest sources and textual-authenticity analysis, it has been established that this belief was introduced by Hasan al-Basri in Basra at the end of the 1st century Hijri, and later disseminated through ascetics, often with a background in Christianity or familiarity with it. In the 2nd century, it was attributed to the Prophet (pbuh) by Mohammad ibn Khalid al-Jundi for further credibility, and it spread in lands such as Iraq, Egypt, Sham, Hejaz, and Palestine. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Analysis the Reflection of Background Conditions in Compiling Shia Narrative Interpretations; A Case Study of Friday Prayer Problem
        mahdi pichan NOSRAT Nilsaz forugh parsa
        In a superficial view, it seems that the commentators in the narrative interpretations, without any struggling effort, have only collected narrations related to the words and expressions of the verses. Contrary to this idea, the evidence shows that the authors of narrat More
        In a superficial view, it seems that the commentators in the narrative interpretations, without any struggling effort, have only collected narrations related to the words and expressions of the verses. Contrary to this idea, the evidence shows that the authors of narrative interpretations, like other commentators, have been influenced by the background conditions in order to discover the meaning of the verses and have started to select and arrange the narrations. What specifically distinguishes these interpretations in the issue of Friday prayer is the consideration of the conditions for the obligation of Friday prayer in the later interpretations of Ṣāfi and Nūr al-Thaqlain; this is not seen in the previous interpretations of critical argument. The reason for this difference in approach can be evaluated considering the simultaneity of the writing of later narrative commentaries with the emergence of the Safavid Shiite government. Belonging to Bahrani's interest in expressing the esoteric and ta’wīl aspects of the verses and Huwyzi's greater interest than Bahrāni and Fayz in planning jurisprudential debates in accordance with the verses are other factors influencing this distinction. Also, Sufi characteristics of Fayz's personality has caused him to not look at this issue solely from the point of view of a jurisprudential issue, which his statements in Zād al-Sālik's treatise and Olfat-Nāmeh are proof of this. Manuscript profile