The effect of muscular stresses on the quality of broiler meat

Subject Areas : Veterinary Clinical Pathology

یوسف  Doustar ¹ (Department of Pathobiology, Veterinary Faculty, Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran)
فرید  Sarkarati ² (Department of Food Hygiene, Veterinary Faculty, Islamic Azad University of Sarab, Sarab, Iran)
افشین  Javadi ³ (Department of Food Hygiene, Veterinary Faculty, Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran)
وحید  Haji Abalo ⁴ (Graduated of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran)

Received: 2007-04-22 Accepted : 2007-11-11 Published : 2007-08-23

Keywords: meat quality, broilers, Muscular stresses,

Abstract :

Collection and transport of chickens from the production farm to the slaughterhouse causes stress. In this study, the relationship between stress causing factors and broiler meat quality was evaluated. Thirty apparently healthy 60-day-old broilers of the same sex and breed were allocated equally to three groups (A and B as treatment and C as the control group). The nutritional and rearing conditions were similar for all groups. Broilers in the first treatment group (A) were subjected to various muscular injuries similar to those occurring during gathering and transfer to abattoir while those in the second treatment group (B) were forced to flap their wings severely. Twelve hours after exertion, blood samples were collected for measurement of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and total volatile nitrogen (TVN) levels and tissue samples were taken from deep pectoral muscle to prepare microscopic sections in all groups. Macroscopically, swelling, bruising and severe hemorrhage was evident in deep pectoral muscle of the treatment groups, while edema, degeneration, necrosis and infiltration of heterophiles, lymphocytes and macrophages were observed microscopically.  Specific tissue changes were not seen in the control group. The levels of CPK and TVN had increased in treatment groups compared to the control group and their mean differences were also statistically significant (P<0.005).  

References:

 

1. Achlin, M. (l987): Skeletal muscle blood flow capacity: role of muscle pump in exercise hyperemia. American Journal of Physiology. 253: 993- 1004.


2. Bailey, T.A., Wernery, U., Naldo, J. and Samour, J.H. (1997): Plasma concentration of creatine kinas and lactate dehydrogenises in Houbara Bustards (Chlamydotis unduata macqueenii) immediately following capture. Comparative Hematology International. 1: 113-116.


3. Bogin, E., Avider, Y., Waffenschmidt, V., Doron, B.A. and Kevkhayev, E. (1996): The relationship between heat stress, survivability and blood composition of the domestic chicken. European Journal of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry. 34: 463-469.


4. Bowman, W.C. and Marshall, I.G. (1971): Physiology and Biochemistry of the Domestic Fowl. 2^nd ed. Academic Press, London, pp: 707 -737.


5. Egan, H. (1988): Pearson’s chemical analysis of foods. 8^th ed. Academic Press, London, pp: 386-387.


6. Ellis, C.G., Mathieu, C.O., Potter, R.F., McDonald, I.C. and Groom, A.C. (1990): Effect of sarcomere length on fetal capillary length in skeletal muscle. 40: 63-72.


7. Evans, W.J. and Cannon, J.G. (1991): The metabolic effects of exercise ­induced muscle damage. Exercise and Shorts Science Review. 19: 99-125.


8. Fisher, B.D., Baracos, V.E., Shnitka, T.K., Mendryk, S.W. and Reid, D.C. (1990): Ultrastructural events following acute muscle trauma. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 22: 185- 193.


9. Folkow, B., Gaskell, B. and Waller, B.A. (1970): Blood through limb muscle during heavy rhythmic exercise. Journal of Physiology. 80: 61-72.


10. Freeman, B.M., Kettle well, P.I., Manning, A.C. and Berry, P.S. (1984): Stress of transportation for broiler. Veterinary Record. 114: 286-287.


11. Friden, J. and Liber, R. (1992): Structural and mechanical basis of exercise induced muscle injury. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 24: 521- 530.


12. Gilbert, K.V. and Devine, C.E. (1982): Effect of electrical stunning, on petechical hemorrhages and on the blood pressure in lambs. Meat Science. 7: 197-207


13. Gregory, N.G., Wilkins, L.J., Wotton. S.B. and Middletion, A.L.V. (1995): Effects of current and wave form on the incidence of breast meat hemorrhages in electrically stunned broiler chicken carcasses veterinary Record. 137: 263-265.


14. Hasselman, C.T., Best, T.M., Seaber, A.V. and Garre, W.E. (1995): A threshold and continuum of injury during

              active stretch of rabbit skeletal muscle. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 3: 65-73.

15. Holmstrom, A., Lorenz, N. and Lewis, D.H. (1985) Local skeletal muscle surface oxygen pressure fields after high - trauma. 2: 293 - 311.


16. Jackson, M.J., Jones, D.A. and Edwards, R.H.T. (1984): Experimental skeletal muscle damage: the nature of the calcium activated degenerative processes. European Journal of Clinical Investigation. 14: 369-374.


17. Knochel. J.P. (1993): Mechanisms of Rhabdomyolysis. Current Opinion in Rheumatology. 5: 725-731.


18. Lee, G. and Luna, H.T. (1998): Manual of histological Staining Methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. 3^rd ed. McGraw Hill Book Com. New York, pp: 32-45.


19. May, J.D., Deaton, J.W. and Branton, S.L. (1987): Body temperature of acclimated broilers during exposure to high temperature. Poultry Science. 66: 378-380.


20. Reilly, J.P. (1994): Scales of reaction to electric shock: thresholds and biophysical mechanisms. Annals of the New YorkAcademy of Sciences. 720: 21-56.


21. Sosnieki, A., Cassens, R., Mcintyre, D., Vimini, R. and Greaser, M. (1989) Incidence of microscopically detectable degenerative characteristics in skeletal muscle of turkey. British Poultry Science. 30: 69-80.