Measuring of residents' satisfaction with the quality of housing in urban neighborhoods with the approach of spatial justice: The case study on District 2 of Tehran

Subject Areas : Urban planning

Ali  Hosseini ¹ (Department of Human Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran)
Norika  Yolyeh San Vansan ² (Department of Human Geography and Planning, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran)

Received: 2023-12-22 Accepted : 2023-04-23 Published : 2023-06-22

Keywords: Residents' satisfaction, Spatial justice, District 2 of Tehran, housing quality,

Abstract :

The most important function of any city is its residential role, and for this reason, the qualitative characteristics of housing play an essential role in the quality of urban spaces and social-spatial justice. With the rapid growth of urbanization in the last century, especially in underdeveloped societies, followed by the natural growth of the population, migration and the shrinking of the household dimension, causing serious challenges in the city, including the reduction of housing quality and inequality in various physical, environmental, service, social and economic dimensions. has been Region 2 of Tehran city has a diversity of residential and housing quality due to its north-south orientation and stretching from the city center to the northernmost urban parts of Tehran. Housing is one of the vital needs of humans, for this reason, residents' satisfaction with the quality of housing in urban areas can be analyzed, and neglecting this important issue can cause housing inequality. The aim of the current research is to analyze the residents' satisfaction with the quality of housing at the level of neighborhoods in the 2nd district of Tehran. The research method of this research is descriptive-analytical with an applied nature, and it has been done in the collection of information through documentary and survey methods using the questionnaire method. The collected data were done using the sample t-test, satisfaction level of housing quality indicators, Pearson's correlation test and finally factor analysis. The findings show that the studied indicators (access, structural features, amenities, economic features, social features and environmental health) have a significant relationship with the research topic and even the components of each indicator. The results of the residents' satisfaction also indicate that the area is favorable in terms of having the indicators studied in the research. Finally, ten factors for housing quality can be identified from the perspective of street quality, building type, housing demand, cultural level, amenities, access to the station and transportation lines, quietness of the place, sound and air quality, ethnic and racial ratio, and municipal fees and taxes. The results of Pearson's correlation analysis indicate that the highest correlation was related to the indicators of amenities with accessibility and economic characteristics.Extended AbstractIntroduction:      The extent of the housing problem and its existing dimensions, including its quantity and quality in terms of scale and size, and in terms of various social, economic, cultural, physical, etc. dimensions, have given great importance to this sector. Housing is one of the basic needs of a family, which must meet their human needs and desires. If its lack is felt, it will lead to many serious crises in a stable society. According to the mentioned topics, the housing should provide advantages such as the location that includes proximity to the workplace, shopping, business and schools, the environment that expresses the quality of the neighborhood such as security and beauty, the ability of investment that expresses the capital reserve. Due to the characteristic of the housing in that it is immobile, it acquires characteristics from its surroundings that are in addition to its physical shape and dimension, so it is possible that a housing has high quality, but due to being far from services and jobs, from a social point of view, it has There is no value or its level is low, which of course, this problem can be seen in all rich and poor countries. The commercialization of urban housing, the culture of housing demand and rapid urbanization have caused the value and quality of housing to flourish, especially in metropolitan cities. The issue of housing quality has received much attention in recent years and has become the subject of scientific research in all fields, which indicates the quality of urban spaces and spatial justice, as well as expressing the general social, economic and environmental characteristics of different regions. Housing has always been the biggest concern of households because it is considered both as capital and as the main factor of quality of life, and this issue is more prominent in underdeveloped countries. So it is possible to consider the quality of real estate as a measure of the general quality of life that a citizen expects when buying a particular house in a particular urban area.Methodology:      The present research, in terms of purpose, is fundamental and applied and has an interpretive and analytical nature and in terms of method. In the collection of information, it has been done by documentary and survey method using the questionnaire method. Based on Cochran's (2007) methodological approach, we distributed 350 questionnaires through a cluster sampling method that represents the northern, middle and southern parts of this region in the form of neighborhood units in these three parts. We did this to have a more accurate conclusion. SPSS software was used to analyze the data and explain the relationships between the research components. After the demographic survey of the respondents of this area, we investigated the status of the research indicators from the T-Tech test from the citizens' point of view. Finally, factor analysis was performed to determine the most important indicators.Results and discussion:       Qualitative findings showed that the means housing and its existing dimensions, including quantity and quality in terms of scale and size and in terms of different social, economic, cultural and physical dimensions. In other words, and in short, the most important function of any city is its residential role, and this is why the qualitative characteristics of housing can play a fundamental role in the quality of urban spaces and social-spatial justice. In this regard, the present research has been conducted with the aim of analyzing the satisfaction of residents with the quality of housing with the approach of spatial justice in the 2nd district of Tehran in six indicators of accessibility, structural features, amenities, economic features, social features and environmental health.Conclusion:      One of the objectives of the current research was to measure the satisfaction of residents with housing quality by using housing quality indicators in the 2nd district of Tehran according to the special characteristics of this area, using a sample T-Tech test for all the components of the desired indicators to explain the relationship between They got done. The results of the test show the appropriate level of satisfaction of the residents with the housing quality in all components. Therefore, the results of the research show that the urban neighborhoods with the indicators studied in the research regarding the quality of housing can have a good satisfaction from the residents. Another goal of this research was zoning neighborhoods according to housing quality by using residents' satisfaction with indicators. Among the six indicators that were considered regarding the quality of housing, the results of residents' satisfaction indicate that the 2nd district of Tehran is favorable in terms of having the indicators studied in the research. In the first three indicators, i.e. accessibility, structural features and amenities, very high satisfaction has caused the desirability of the region, but in the next three indicators, i.e. economic features, social features and environmental health, despite the satisfaction and desirability, fewer neighborhoods in the 2nd district of Tehran are satisfied. have had a very high Based on the results obtained from the correlation analysis in the 2nd district of Tehran, the highest correlation is related to the indicators of comfort facilities with access and economic characteristics. In the current research, the results of factor analysis show that the first factor shows the highest load for street quality variables.The naming of other factors is as follows; The second factor is the type of buildings, the third factor is housing demand, the fourth factor is cultural level, the fifth factor is comfort facilities, the sixth factor is access to the station and transportation lines, the seventh factor is the solitude of the place, the eighth factor is sound and air quality, the ninth factor is ethnic and racial factor and the factor It is worth mentioning the tenth of municipal duties and taxes.

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