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Open Access Article
1 - Investigating the function of environmental advertising in urban spaces and its effect on promoting social resilience in Tehran city
Abbas Mohammadiyan Mohammadreza Ghaedi Alireza Biabannavard SarvestaniSocial resilience plays an important role in urban development and management today. This type of resilience is influenced by various conditions and indicators, of which advertising in the urban environment can be considered one of the most important; Because advertisem MoreSocial resilience plays an important role in urban development and management today. This type of resilience is influenced by various conditions and indicators, of which advertising in the urban environment can be considered one of the most important; Because advertisements visually and mentally create different conditions for citizens. In this research, the aim is to investigate the effects and function of urban environmental advertising on the promotion of social resilience in Tehran city. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on field data. The data collection tool was a questionnaire that was collected at the level of the statistical population (8,694,000 people) in different regions. Based on Cochran's formula, the sample size was determined to be 384 people. The structural and content validity of the verification tool as well as the reliability were confirmed with Cronbach's alpha above 0.70. The result showed that the function of urban environment advertising is positive on social resilience. Such that the advertising of the urban environment has the greatest impact on social resilience through the improvement of information to citizens with an amount equal to 0.601; They show the improvement of citizens' brand awareness with 0.580 and the reduction of citizens' expenses with 0.541. The result also showed that due to the poor state of social resilience in Tehran, awareness of urban people with education; healthy environment advertising; improving the power of organizing advertising; Empowerment to deal with risk and vulnerability and good governance with favorable policies are 5 effective indicators in promoting a resilient society according to urban environment advertising.Extended AbstractIntroduction:Environmental advertising is one of the most widely used advertising media, which includes a wide and diverse range of public arenas in urban spaces. This media, in addition to its positive aspects, if it is not properly organized, as one of the most important causes of visual pollution, it creates adverse effects on the quality of the urban environment and the mental comfort of citizens. Environmental advertising is a means of implementing marketing strategies that we face on a relatively large scale every day. In this regard, a lot of money is always spent on designing and implementing such advertisements, especially billboards in the city. In this research, the city of Tehran has been selected as a case study. Tehran metropolis has a special position due to its centrality and various economic and social characteristics. The topic of environmental advertising in this city also has a great place and all kinds of advertising can be seen in this city in different ways. Advertisements in Tehran have different visual and mental effects, which can be well imagined in the life of this city. A large part of environmental advertising in this city can be related to social resilience; Because social resilience happens as a result of knowledge, awareness, social capital and indicators like this. Considering that social resilience is one of the important issues in Tehran metropolis, various indicators and functions in this field should be studied and studied. Urban environmental advertising is also one of these important and basic issues. In this research, the aim is to investigate the effects and function of urban environmental advertising on the promotion of social resilience in the city of Tehran, so that effective strategies or indicators can be identified in this field by using the knowledge of the effects.Methodology:According to its nature, the research method is descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the research includes the citizens of Tehran. According to the statistics of 2015, there are 8,694,000 people. Based on Cochran's formula, the statistical sample for the statistical population at the individual level was calculated as 384 people. The sampling method is at the citizen level, which was done randomly. There are two types of information collection methods: library (documents) and field (survey). The research collection tool is a questionnaire. For analysis, the data are summarized, coded and categorized and finally processed to provide the basis for analyzes and connections between these data in order to answer the questions. The collected raw data was entered into SPSS software and finally the data was analyzed. The structural and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed, as well as reliability, with Cronbach's alpha coefficient greater than 0.70. The table below shows Cronbach's index and middle coefficient for different sections.Results and discussion:The test results of social resilience indicators show that all indicators were significant at a level less than 0.05. Examining the significance direction using the test mean confirms that the mean values for all social resilience indicators are lower than the test mean (3) and therefore it can be concluded that the social resilience of Tehran city has been assessed inappropriately. In this context, the maximum average values related to the index of participation in public benefit activities with a value of 2.356; Cooperation in neighborhood development programs with a value of 2.350 and the index of collective action and participation of citizens in neighborhood decision-making with a value of 2.221. The minimum average was also related to the index of residents' trust in each other with an average of 1.652. Comparing the minimum and maximum average indicators confirms the poor state of social resilience.The result showed that the correlation between urban environmental advertising and promoting social resilience is equal to 0.932, which is a direct correlation. But with all the effects of urban environmental advertising, they have the ability to explain 93% of the changes (variance) of tourism development, and 7% of the changes are explained by other factors or indicators. The improvement of information to citizens with an amount equal to 0.601 units predicts the variable of social resilience, which in fact includes the most impact of urban environment advertisements on social resilience. Also, they show the improvement of citizens' brand awareness with the amount of 0.580 units, which means predicting 58% of social resilience changes. Reduction of citizens' expenses, as the third effect of urban environmental advertising, predicts changes in social resilience with 0.541 units. The lowest impact of urban environment advertising on social resilience is related to two indicators of increasing communication between citizens and decision makers with an explanation of 0.074 and empowering citizens in the field of crises with an explanation of 0.129. In general, the effects of urban environment advertising on social resilience are positive, and urban environment advertising can have significant effects in promoting resilience and improving urban conditions.The result of the research showed that in order to promote a resilient society against urban environmental advertising, several strategies or indicators are effective, which are awareness of urban people with education; Advertising for a healthy environment, organizing advertising; Empowering citizens and good governance with favorable policies are among the most important.Conclusion:In general, the result of the research confirms that advertising of the urban environment can be a suitable strategy to promote social resilience, which is effective in various aspects, such as improving the knowledge of citizens, informing citizens, realizing transparency in urban management, and reducing social vulnerability. And... it can be realized in the urban environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - fehrest
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Open Access Article
3 - Investigation and analysis of effective indicators on Smart housing in Shiraz city
Hamid-Reza Rakhshaninasab Massoud Charrahi Mojtaba Soleimani DamanehProviding suitable housing in terms of safety, comfort and energy efficiency has been considered as the most important human demands, and in this context, the intelligent building system creates ideal conditions in buildings by using the latest technologies. In this reg MoreProviding suitable housing in terms of safety, comfort and energy efficiency has been considered as the most important human demands, and in this context, the intelligent building system creates ideal conditions in buildings by using the latest technologies. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to investigate the position of the indicators affecting smart housing in Shiraz city. The current research is descriptive-analytical in nature and practical in terms of purpose. Data collection has been done by two library and field methods. The statistical population of the research is the specialists and experts in the field of housing in Shiraz, and 72 experts were selected as the sample size using the Delphi sampling method. To analyze the data, one-sample t-tests, regression and structural equations were used. The results of the sample T-Tech test show that the index of energy consumption and optimization with the value of 3.12 and the index of hardware and software with the value of 2.75 have the highest and the lowest level of intelligence of residential buildings. . The results of the structural equations show that among the indicators of the technology dimension, the speed of data extraction in the building with a coefficient of 0.411, among the indicators of the energy consumption dimension, cutting off energy and gas in times of danger with a coefficient of (0.641) and in the hard dimension Software, control of equipment with an application with a coefficient of (0.412) have the greatest effect on the intelligence of residential buildings in Shiraz city, and in general, technology and data dimension with a coefficient of 0.502 and hardware dimension with a coefficient of 0.311 in optimal energy consumption and realization of smart building. is a transition In general, the residential buildings of Shiraz city are not in a good condition in terms of smart building, and considering the modern and high-rise residential buildings as well as the old and dilapidated structures, in order to improve the quality of life of the residents and save energy consumption and prevention. From upcoming events, it is necessary for city managers to pay attention to smart technology.Extended AbstractIntroduction: With the entry of superior technologies into the construction industry and the need to respond to the new needs of society, smart housing has been in the spotlight as an emerging but extremely attractive phenomenon. In all the countries of the first world, scientific and academic centers have implemented many research and operational projects for its better understanding and development, considering its advantages and also the reception of its users. Among the most important factors and features that have made it popular among consumers are security and safety, convenience and comfort, ease of management, management and energy saving, and helping to promote health and wellness (Mashayekhi et al., 2019: 186).The city of Shiraz is located in a hot area with limited energy resources, and in order to create stability and save energy consumption, increase safety and security, it is necessary to pay attention to building smartness. Therefore, the smart building in Shiraz city can create stability in the urban space so as to ensure security, safety, optimal energy consumption, resilience against risks, hence the aim of the current research is to investigate the status of smart building indicators in Shiraz metropolis. How many smart indicators do the buildings in Shiraz meet? And which of the areas of Shiraz metropolis has more favorable conditions in terms of smart residential building indicators?Methodology: The type of research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature. Data collection has been done in the form of library (books, articles, documents, etc.) and field (questionnaire) using the Delphi technique. The statistical population of the research includes specialists and experts in the urban area. The Delphi method was used to determine the sample size, and 72 people were selected as the sample size. Statistical methods of one-sample t-test, multivariate regression and structural equations have been used for analysis.Results and discussion: According to the results of the TTech test, it can be said that the information technology indicators of smart residential buildings in Shiraz city are exemplary, such as; The existence of three-dimensional models of construction information and the review and control of data related to building costs, because the alpha error level of the indicators is at the level of 5%, the significance or suitability has been confirmed at the level of 95% in the entire information technology component. In the smart residential buildings of Shiraz city, with a coefficient of 0.079 and a significance level of 0.217, it is not significant, it does not have favorable conditions.In general, according to the index and its results, the component of optimal energy consumption of residential buildings with a coefficient of 0.057 and a significance coefficient of 0.501 is not meaningful, and it shows that Shiraz city is not in a favorable condition from the perspective of energy consumption and its optimization.According to the results of the T-Tech test, it can be said that the hardware and software indicators of smart residential buildings in Shiraz city are such as; The existence of a comprehensive computer network in the building, the ability to adapt the equipment to changes in the building's uses, the use of intelligent systems in the building, the use of sensors and operators with local operation in the building, the building automation system, the use of monitoring and control of building equipment, the possibility of viewing and Monitoring the condition of the equipment through the software, controlling the equipment with a mobile phone or tablet application because the alpha error level of the indicators is more than 100%.In order to check more closely between the indicators and the main dimensions of the smart building, the structural equations were done in SMARTPLS. Technology and data indicators in the smart building 1- The speed of data extraction in the building with a coefficient of (0.411), 2) The ability to exchange building data with other systems with a coefficient (0.279), 3- the possibility of reporting data and information of all parts of the building (0.193), 4- existence of three-dimensional models of building information with a coefficient (0.259), 5- existence of a digital map of the building (0.371), 6- Monitoring and controlling the information of all building details (0.329), 7. Controlling data related to building costs (0.308) can be effective in controlling and optimal energy consumption.Among the indicators, energy consumption, energy and gas cut-off in times of danger with coefficient (0.641) and intelligent control of cooling and heating or coefficient (0.509) have the most effect, respectively. The results of examining the indicators in the hardware section show that the equipment control index with a mobile phone or tablet application has the most effect with a factor of (0.412) and overall technology and data with a factor of 0.502 and hardware with a factor of 0.311 in optimal energy consumption and The realization of the smart building is effective. The results of the structural analysis are given in the form of the following figure.Conclusion: The results of a single sample analysis of the components affecting smart buildings show that among the examined components, optimization component with a figure of 3.12 and hardware and software with a figure of 2.75 energy consumption and are respectively the highest and the lowest. They have a level of intelligence. The results of structural studies show that among the indices of the technology dimension, the data extraction speed index in the building with a coefficient of 0.411, among the indices of the energy consumption dimension, the index of energy and gas cut-off in times of danger with a coefficient of (0.641) and in the hardware dimension of the index Equipment control with application has more effects with a factor of (0.412) and in general, the dimension of technology and data with a factor of 0.502 and the dimension of hardware with a factor of 0.311 is effective in optimal energy consumption and the realization of a smart building. The inadequacy of the smart components of residential buildings in Shiraz city indicates that the platforms for smart building have not yet been provided in Shiraz city and a large part of the residential units in Shiraz are old and dilapidated. As a result, it is impossible to have smart components (hardware, energy management, technology) in these residential units, as a result, a significant part of the residential unit lacks such equipment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Feasibility of health tourism capacities in Maragheh city with emphasis on sustainable urban development
Ali Azar Roghayeh SaidiWith the development of urbanization and increasing mental pressures, citizens have also experienced increasing physical diseases. In this connection, health tourism assumes greater importance for people to use health and hygienic facilities. One of the areas in which c MoreWith the development of urbanization and increasing mental pressures, citizens have also experienced increasing physical diseases. In this connection, health tourism assumes greater importance for people to use health and hygienic facilities. One of the areas in which cities compete with each other is their capability of attracting domestic and foreign treatment tourists. The level of reference and stay of health tourists is considerably highest than other tourists, and this indicates the significance of health tourism. The health tourism sector is one of the principal components of urban economic strength that guarantees residents’ quality of life. The aim of the present study was to measure the feasibility of health tourism capacities in the city of Maragheh using sustainable urban development. The study was an applied study and fell under the quantitative and qualitative research. The data were obtained by using documentary and observational studies via a researcher-made questionnaire. Health tourism evaluation criteria included 27 variables of social-cultural, economic, and environmental (ecological) components. The statistical population of the study consisted of 384 people who were present at health tourism places. To analyze the data, the structural equation modeling and SPSS, AMOS, and MPLUS software were used. Findings revealed that the component of tourism economics with the factor loading of 0.95 held the highest effects on the sustainable health tourism, and the component of local culture (factor loading of 0.63), terminal equipment (factor loading of 0.62) held the lowest effects. As well, the component5 of sustainable tourism with the direct and indirect effects of 0.815 and 0.131 held the highest effects, while the component of the environment with the direct and indirect effects of 0.634 and 0.164 held the lowest effects on the development of sustainable tourism in the city of Maragheh. The economic component with the direct and indirect effects and the component of social-cultural with the direct and indirect effects of 0.702 and0.105 also contributed to the development of sustainable health tourism in the city. Exteded Abstract Introduction With the development of urbanization and increasing mental pressures, citizens have also experienced increasing physical diseases. In this connection, health tourism assumes greater importance for people to use health and hygienic facilities. One of the areas in which cities compete with each other is their capability of attracting domestic and foreign treatment tourists. The level of reference and stay of health tourists is considerably highest than other tourists, and this indicates the significance of health tourism. The health tourism sector is one of the principal components of urban economic strength that guarantees residents’ quality of life. The aim of the present study was to measure the feasibility of health tourism capacities in the city of Maragheh using sustainable urban development. Here, this study focuses on the eco-tourism and water-therapy dimension of the health tourism sector. Maragheh City enjoys numerous mineral water springs, and thus have favorable capacities in the health tourism sector. This is because of its geomorphological and geographical situation, the presence of expert physicians, being the treatment hub of the province, having centers of accommodation, and types of hotels. Thus, health tourism and the feasibility of infrastructure can affect the diversity of urban economies and employment, thereby producing much-needed currency as the main component of the secondary industry and contribute to the sustainable development. This city is the focal point of the study enjoys potential health tourism capacities (especially water therapy capacities).Methodology The study was an applied study and fell under the quantitative and qualitative research. The data were obtained by using documentary and observational studies via a researcher-made questionnaire. Health tourism evaluation criteria included 27 variables of social-cultural, economic, and environmental (ecological) components. The statistical population of the study consisted of 384 people who were present at health tourism places. To analyze the data, the structural equation modeling and SPSS, AMOS, and MPLUS software were used.Results and discussionField surveys and results from social-cultural correlation coefficients affecting the sustainable tourism therapy (health tourism) in the city of Maragheh indicated that there was a positive and significant correlation between municipality management component and health tourism sustainability. This suggests that the more the health tourism sector flourishes the more municipality management develops, and the thus the more sustainable health tourism in Maragheh City will be. There was a positive and significant relationship between all social-cultural components and the sustainable health tourism in Maragheh, with the significance level being 0.000 at the alpha rate of 0.05; and since the calculated error rate is less than 0.01, there is a significant relationship between all social-cultural components and the sustainable health tourism at 99% confidence level. Thus, the improvement of all the components from a tourism therapy point of view could lead to sustainable health tourism in the city of Maragheh.Results from the correlation coefficient of components affecting the sustainable tourism therapy (health tourism) in the city of Maragheh indicates that there was a positive and significant relationship between the economic component and the Maragheh’s health tourism sustainability. ConclusionFindings revealed that the component of tourism economics with the factor loading of 0.95 held the highest effects on the sustainable health tourism, and the component of local culture (factor loading of 0.63), terminal equipment (factor loading of 0.62) held the lowest effects. As well, the component5 of sustainable tourism with the direct and indirect effects of 0.815 and 0.131 held the highest effects, while the component of the environment with the direct and indirect effects of 0.634 and 0.164 held the lowest effects on the development of sustainable tourism in the city of Maragheh. The economic component with the direct and indirect effects and the component of social-cultural with the direct and indirect effects of 0.702 and0.105 also contributed to the development of sustainable health tourism in the city. It was also found that health tourism could lead to employment (especially when the city of Maragheh holds the highest unemployment rate in the province and the entire country). Findings showed that the most important problems in the city were weak tourism infrastructure, private sector’s investors’ unwillingness to invest, and the lack of support by city officials to increase tourism attractions in the city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - A new look at the function of the street: providing a conceptual model of High Streets for All approach (Case Study: comparing Imam Khomeini Street and Foroughi Street in Tabriz)
Mana Vahidbafandeh Javad Imani Shamloo Melika Fadavi The high and main streets of the city are the heart of cities nowadays. Today, these vital arteries are facing new social, environmental and economic challenges and must deal with the uncertainty of the city. Now the impo More The high and main streets of the city are the heart of cities nowadays. Today, these vital arteries are facing new social, environmental and economic challenges and must deal with the uncertainty of the city. Now the important question is how to design and plan the main streets of the city in such a way that it meets the different expectations of society and at the same time, it can be compatible with future developments. Many planners and urban designers in the world are thinking of creating strategies to restore the role of high streets to their original position as a place to serve visitors, businesses and stakeholders that all people can use. The high streets for all approach is a popular approach in urban studies in recent years. Nevertheless, so far, it has not been mentioned in the research field of Persian texts and sources in the specialized field of urban planning. Although this approach is successful in global experiences. The purpose of this research is to look at the function of the street by presenting a conceptual model of the high streets. In addition, to validate and better introduce this new approach, two critical streets of Tabriz City (Imam Khomeini Street and Foroughi Street) have been compared from the perspective of this approach. The general approach of this research is descriptive-analytical. Collecting information and field data through a questionnaire and the sample size based on Cochran's formula is 384 people. The research findings show that the essential components of the "High Street for All" approach are more vital in Imam Khomeini Street than in Foroughi Street, and only Foroughi Street has a higher priority in the two indicators of "personal branding, presence of famous commercial brands." To create a High Street for all streets, it should be a strength at the comprehensive level of spaces in all dimensions, including the relationship between humans and the environment.Extended AbstractIntroduction:The High Streets for All mission seeks to stitch the actual uses of the city back together following decades of dispersal and separation and invites us to rethink how we live and move around the city. High streets are the places most people can walk to or get the bus from; they provide common access points to the city’s cycle routes, bus and overground systems. High streets are essential places of employment. This research seeks to know whether the idea of High streets for all is applicable in the cities and streets of Iran and the world. So far, many cities worldwide, such as London, the founder of this concept, have succeeded in implementing it, and these streets have become public places for everyone. In the current research, the theoretical foundations are aimed at the functional revitalization of urban streets. For this purpose, the sources are based on creating a conceptual model according to the contextual-cultural conditions of the case examples. Then, an evaluation was done on Foroughi Street and Imam Khomeini Street in Tabriz, both of which are commercial and essential streets of the city. This comparison aims to find the best high street for basics close to the High Street for everyone.Methodology:The statistical population in this research includes the entire city of Tabriz (according to the definition of urban scale for High Streets) and the sampling is from different people of the city according to the context of the subject. The size of the statistical population of Cochran's formula according to the population of Tabriz city (1,727,476 people) and taking into account the error level of 5% is equal to 384 people. After collecting the field data, Spss software was used to analyze each component in case samples to analyze the mean using descriptive statistics methods. Considering the normality of the data in both samples, the standard deviation was used T-test for two independent models (independent two-sample t-test). Also, collecting information through document study and using the latest sources in the relevant field.Results and discussion:Based on the studies and tests conducted, most of the average data indicate the high potential and parameters of the "High Street for All" approach in Imam Khomeini Street. About 14 leading indicators had a high statistical average in this sample. Still, in contrast to Foroghi Street, due to the presence of a new context in the component of economic sustainability (personal branding, presence of commercial brands), it has a very high average, which indicates the strength of the element (sustainability Economic) on this street. In general, it can be said that the hypothesis of the research is confirmed according to the investigations carried out, and Imam Khomeini Street is considered a well-equipped street with a high average in most of the indicators and from this point of view, it has a lot of potential for the growth and design of businesses.Conclusion:High streets are social; they promote mutual friendship and cultural exchange. At once, global and local high streets offer everyday experiences and opportunities for social interaction worldwide. Designers tell us they particularly value this opportunity to be around other people. This opportunity is significant to socially vulnerable groups like older people or new neighbors looking to make friends. The streets of the "High street for all" are one of the modern city's most characteristic features and the city's most familiar public property. Well-equipped streets are places where most of the city's people from every class and income group can walk. Shared access points to bike and bus routes indicate high access to these streets. Paying attention to the economic dimensions of sustainable cities, including supporting creative businesses through cooperative work centers and holding start-ups, is also one of the new topics of this approach. According to the investigations and the successful experiences of the world, this example of streets can be very successful in promoting and improving presence in urban spaces. Based on this, this approach can act as a strong driver in the direction of balance and creating inclusive spaces in the streets of Iran. This research tried to introduce this functionally successful approach with sample evaluation. We hope that sufficient attention will be paid to it in future research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Measuring of residents' satisfaction with the quality of housing in urban neighborhoods with the approach of spatial justice: The case study on District 2 of Tehran
Ali Hosseini Norika Yolyeh San VansanThe most important function of any city is its residential role, and for this reason, the qualitative characteristics of housing play an essential role in the quality of urban spaces and social-spatial justice. With the rapid growth of urbanization in the last century, MoreThe most important function of any city is its residential role, and for this reason, the qualitative characteristics of housing play an essential role in the quality of urban spaces and social-spatial justice. With the rapid growth of urbanization in the last century, especially in underdeveloped societies, followed by the natural growth of the population, migration and the shrinking of the household dimension, causing serious challenges in the city, including the reduction of housing quality and inequality in various physical, environmental, service, social and economic dimensions. has been Region 2 of Tehran city has a diversity of residential and housing quality due to its north-south orientation and stretching from the city center to the northernmost urban parts of Tehran. Housing is one of the vital needs of humans, for this reason, residents' satisfaction with the quality of housing in urban areas can be analyzed, and neglecting this important issue can cause housing inequality. The aim of the current research is to analyze the residents' satisfaction with the quality of housing at the level of neighborhoods in the 2nd district of Tehran. The research method of this research is descriptive-analytical with an applied nature, and it has been done in the collection of information through documentary and survey methods using the questionnaire method. The collected data were done using the sample t-test, satisfaction level of housing quality indicators, Pearson's correlation test and finally factor analysis. The findings show that the studied indicators (access, structural features, amenities, economic features, social features and environmental health) have a significant relationship with the research topic and even the components of each indicator. The results of the residents' satisfaction also indicate that the area is favorable in terms of having the indicators studied in the research. Finally, ten factors for housing quality can be identified from the perspective of street quality, building type, housing demand, cultural level, amenities, access to the station and transportation lines, quietness of the place, sound and air quality, ethnic and racial ratio, and municipal fees and taxes. The results of Pearson's correlation analysis indicate that the highest correlation was related to the indicators of amenities with accessibility and economic characteristics.Extended AbstractIntroduction: The extent of the housing problem and its existing dimensions, including its quantity and quality in terms of scale and size, and in terms of various social, economic, cultural, physical, etc. dimensions, have given great importance to this sector. Housing is one of the basic needs of a family, which must meet their human needs and desires. If its lack is felt, it will lead to many serious crises in a stable society. According to the mentioned topics, the housing should provide advantages such as the location that includes proximity to the workplace, shopping, business and schools, the environment that expresses the quality of the neighborhood such as security and beauty, the ability of investment that expresses the capital reserve. Due to the characteristic of the housing in that it is immobile, it acquires characteristics from its surroundings that are in addition to its physical shape and dimension, so it is possible that a housing has high quality, but due to being far from services and jobs, from a social point of view, it has There is no value or its level is low, which of course, this problem can be seen in all rich and poor countries. The commercialization of urban housing, the culture of housing demand and rapid urbanization have caused the value and quality of housing to flourish, especially in metropolitan cities. The issue of housing quality has received much attention in recent years and has become the subject of scientific research in all fields, which indicates the quality of urban spaces and spatial justice, as well as expressing the general social, economic and environmental characteristics of different regions. Housing has always been the biggest concern of households because it is considered both as capital and as the main factor of quality of life, and this issue is more prominent in underdeveloped countries. So it is possible to consider the quality of real estate as a measure of the general quality of life that a citizen expects when buying a particular house in a particular urban area.Methodology: The present research, in terms of purpose, is fundamental and applied and has an interpretive and analytical nature and in terms of method. In the collection of information, it has been done by documentary and survey method using the questionnaire method. Based on Cochran's (2007) methodological approach, we distributed 350 questionnaires through a cluster sampling method that represents the northern, middle and southern parts of this region in the form of neighborhood units in these three parts. We did this to have a more accurate conclusion. SPSS software was used to analyze the data and explain the relationships between the research components. After the demographic survey of the respondents of this area, we investigated the status of the research indicators from the T-Tech test from the citizens' point of view. Finally, factor analysis was performed to determine the most important indicators.Results and discussion: Qualitative findings showed that the means housing and its existing dimensions, including quantity and quality in terms of scale and size and in terms of different social, economic, cultural and physical dimensions. In other words, and in short, the most important function of any city is its residential role, and this is why the qualitative characteristics of housing can play a fundamental role in the quality of urban spaces and social-spatial justice. In this regard, the present research has been conducted with the aim of analyzing the satisfaction of residents with the quality of housing with the approach of spatial justice in the 2nd district of Tehran in six indicators of accessibility, structural features, amenities, economic features, social features and environmental health.Conclusion: One of the objectives of the current research was to measure the satisfaction of residents with housing quality by using housing quality indicators in the 2nd district of Tehran according to the special characteristics of this area, using a sample T-Tech test for all the components of the desired indicators to explain the relationship between They got done. The results of the test show the appropriate level of satisfaction of the residents with the housing quality in all components. Therefore, the results of the research show that the urban neighborhoods with the indicators studied in the research regarding the quality of housing can have a good satisfaction from the residents. Another goal of this research was zoning neighborhoods according to housing quality by using residents' satisfaction with indicators. Among the six indicators that were considered regarding the quality of housing, the results of residents' satisfaction indicate that the 2nd district of Tehran is favorable in terms of having the indicators studied in the research. In the first three indicators, i.e. accessibility, structural features and amenities, very high satisfaction has caused the desirability of the region, but in the next three indicators, i.e. economic features, social features and environmental health, despite the satisfaction and desirability, fewer neighborhoods in the 2nd district of Tehran are satisfied. have had a very high Based on the results obtained from the correlation analysis in the 2nd district of Tehran, the highest correlation is related to the indicators of comfort facilities with access and economic characteristics. In the current research, the results of factor analysis show that the first factor shows the highest load for street quality variables.The naming of other factors is as follows; The second factor is the type of buildings, the third factor is housing demand, the fourth factor is cultural level, the fifth factor is comfort facilities, the sixth factor is access to the station and transportation lines, the seventh factor is the solitude of the place, the eighth factor is sound and air quality, the ninth factor is ethnic and racial factor and the factor It is worth mentioning the tenth of municipal duties and taxes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Investigating the effects of resilience indicators and formulating effective strategies on eco-oriented sustainability (Study case: Faizabad neighborhood of Kermanshah city)
Mirsalar Habibi seyedali Nouri seyedjamalodin daryabariCities are always exposed to serious risks and damages, which shows the importance of risk management and prediction. Resilience is an approach that can help improve urban areas and their response in the face of crisis. The assessment of cities in terms of different ind MoreCities are always exposed to serious risks and damages, which shows the importance of risk management and prediction. Resilience is an approach that can help improve urban areas and their response in the face of crisis. The assessment of cities in terms of different indicators and their status can provide a suitable framework for managers. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of resilience indicators and developing effective strategies for their modification based on eco-oriented sustainability. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on field data. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population is made up of 4830 residents of Faiz Abad neighborhood. Based on Cochran's formula, the sample size was determined to be 356 people. Also, 50 related experts were used to formulate the strategy. The structural and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed as well as the reliability with Cronbach's alpha above 0.70. The results show that the most effective indicators in improving resilience are related to the environmental health index with a value of 0.95. Also, the index of social belonging has the ability to explain 0.85, environmental and spatial threats 0.85, economic infrastructure 0.82, social participation 0.80 and economic welfare also has 0.78 in the field of improving the resilience of Faiz Abad neighborhood. The results showed that 7 strategies can be emphasized in order to improve urban resilience based on the eco-oriented approach that including supporting and facilitating the prosperity of the economic foundations of the neighborhood, promoting social capital and education, planning the development of neighborhood tourism, reconstruction, development and creation of physical spaces, renovation facilities and incentive schemes, neighborhood environmental health, reforming and reviewing the interaction of institutions with people.Extended AbstractIntroduction:With the development of urbanization and the increase of urban population, managers and urban planners should pay more attention to the challenges caused by development in urban areas. One of the challenges facing urban managers and planners is natural or human crises. Crises are the product of unsustainable development compared to balancing the social, economic and natural environment. Urban crises, by adversely affecting the three indicators of society, economy and environment, cause great and sometimes irreparable damages to urban areas, which is one of the basic priorities of all urban planners in terms of identifying, planning and optimal management of crises; Therefore, making urban communities resilient is of particular importance. Faizabad neighborhood is one of the old neighborhoods located in the old context of Kermanshah city. This neighborhood has an economic function and valuable historical structures such as residential buildings Rande Kash, Manzi Yazdi, Teke Biglarbigi, Sarai Tawakkel, Bazaar, Teke Faiz Abad, Zorkhane Alamdar have historical and identity value. On the other hand, this neighborhood has an unfavorable physical and environmental condition, a significant percentage of the buildings in the neighborhood are dilapidated and of poor quality. Therefore, if a crisis occurs in this neighborhood, its effect will be double, so the resilience of this neighborhood is necessary to reduce the effect of the crisis. Therefore, in this research, considering the important location of this ancient fabric in Kermanshah city, it has been tried to influence various resilience indicators based on eco-oriented sustainability and provide effective strategies in order to improve them in this neighborhood.Methodology:According to its nature, the research method is descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the intended research includes citizens living in Faiz Abad neighborhood and experts familiar with the subject. According to the statistics of the improvement and modernization plan of 2010, there are 4830 citizens living in the central part of Kermanshah. Based on Cochran's formula, the statistical sample for the statistical population of citizens at the individual level was calculated as 356 people. The sampling method is at the level of citizens, which is done randomly. A statistical sample of 50 experts was also selected. There are two types of information collection methods: library (documents) and field (survey). The research collection tools are questionnaires and interviews. For analysis, the data are summarized, coded and categorized and finally processed to provide the basis for analyzes and connections between these data in order to answer the questions. The collected raw data was entered into SPSS, AMOS software and finally the data was analyzed.Results and discussion:The results of structural equation modeling have been used to investigate the effectiveness of various components or indicators of urban resilience. Examining the model shows that the drawn model has the ability to measure the effectiveness of resilience components; Because the factor loading of 18 investigated indicators was equal to 0.75 and more than 3, and this indicates the influence and role of social, economic, environmental, physical and institutional indicators (a total of 18 factors) in urban resilience. In total, it can be said that the 18 examined indicators including place belonging, social participation, resources and human capital, economic support, economic infrastructure, economic well-being, etc. can be effective in improving resilience. Examining the role of 18 in improving urban resilience shows that the total effect value is 0.75, and in total, the analyzed indicators can account for about 0.75% of the variance, role-playing and positive effects in improving urban resilience (Faizabad neighborhood). ) to explain. Based on the results of this model, the most effective is related to the environmental health index with an explanation of 0.95. The index of social belonging can explain 0.85, environmental and spatial threats can explain 0.85, economic infrastructure can explain 0.82, social participation can explain 0.80, and economic prosperity also can explain 0.78 in the field of neighborhood resilience. It has Faizabad.The results of various factors show that 7 strategies are effective in improving urban resilience components based on eco-oriented sustainability in Faiz Abad neighborhood of Kermanshah city. These 7 strategies include supporting and facilitating the prosperity of the economic foundations of the neighborhood; improving social capital and education; neighborhood tourism development planning; Reconstruction, development and creation of desirable physical spaces; Renovation facilities and incentive plans; Health of the neighborhood environment; reforming and revising the interaction of institutions with people. Therefore, the mentioned strategies have been proposed from different aspects of economic, social, physical and environmental resilience, and they have tried to emphasize all aspects of urban resilience. In addition, at the level of the examined solutions or factors, the solution of promoting public belief in the government with a factor load of 0.873 is recognized as the most effective solution in the direction of urban resilience. Two indicators of the development and creation of social groups and non-governmental organizations with a factor load of 0.868 and also the continuous development of physical restoration with a priority of habitable residential buildings with a factor load of 0.816 in the second and third ranks of effective solutions in the direction of improving the components of urban resilience are knownAccording to the stated contents, in order to improve the urban resilience components based on eco-oriented sustainability in Faiz Abad neighborhood of Kermanshah city, 7 strategies have been mentioned that can be effective in this field.Conclusion:The general result of this research confirms that various indicators can be effective in the urban resilience of Faizabad neighborhood. These indicators affect different social, economic, physical and environmental aspects of resilience. In this context, two indicators of environmental health and social belonging have the most impact on urban resilience. Also, in line with the improvement of urban resilience components based on eco-oriented sustainability in Faiz Abad neighborhood of Kermanshah city; Supporting and facilitating the prosperity of the neighborhood's economic platforms; improving social capital and education; neighborhood tourism development planning; Reconstruction, development and creation of desirable physical spaces; Renovation facilities and incentive plans; Health of the neighborhood environment, reforming and revising the interaction of institutions with people, were recognized as key strategies. According to what was said, the resilience of Faiz Abad neighborhood requires a good and systematic management perspective in order to achieve a level of improvement and good performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Developing the Conceptual Model of Local Empowering of Informal Settlements Using Fundamental Point of View
majid javadi nima jahanbin Arman Heidari Omran Kohzadi SeifabadThe most important effect of the growth and expansion of urbanization is the massive migration to the cities, the emergence of the crisis of marginalization and the emergence of informal settlements. Poverty, illiteracy, low level of awareness, unemployment rate, inform MoreThe most important effect of the growth and expansion of urbanization is the massive migration to the cities, the emergence of the crisis of marginalization and the emergence of informal settlements. Poverty, illiteracy, low level of awareness, unemployment rate, informal residence, informal employment, etc. are among the fundamental problems of informal settlements. The biological vulnerability of these environments against the crisis is another characteristic of these settlements.The purpose of this research is to present a conceptual model of local empowerment of informal settlements. Therefore, the current research was conducted in the category of qualitative research and with the approach of foundational data theory. In order to analyze the qualitative data, meta-composite method and content analysis were used together. The data collection method is document study and semi-structured interview. nvivo software was used for qualitative data analysis and coding.Based on documentary studies and the use of meta-synthesis method, the theoretical framework of the research and the initial conceptual model of local empowerment were presented. The main components of local empowerment are: governance, participation and trust, culture and community, identity, perception of the environment and vitality. Based on the questions raised in the interview process, 937 referrals were provided. 19 sub-themes were extracted by multiple revisions and integration of codes based on similarity during several stages of data summarization. Based on the discovery of cause and effect relationships between the components, the spiral model was presented as the final conceptual model of indigenous empowerment of informal settlements, which has 6 cycles.Extended AbstractIntroduction:In Iran, as in other developing countries, we have witnessed the growth and expansion of urbanization and the subsequent emergence of informal settlements, the most important effect of which is massive migration to cities and the emergence of the crisis of marginalization. Poverty, illiteracy, low level of awareness, unemployment rate, informal residence, informal employment, etc. are among the fundamental problems of informal settlements. The population growth percentage of Yasouj city based on calculations from the latest official data is equal to 1.6%, which is one of the highest growth rates among the provincial centers of the country and has had one of the highest urban population growth and spatial expansion in the last 4 decades. . The population of immigrants who entered Yasuj during the years 2010-2015 was equal to 18,715 people, which caused the emergence of informal settlements and the need for reform programs, especially local empowerment, as an unavoidable necessity. According to the statistics, there are more than 80,000 marginal residents in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces, of which nearly 60,000 people live in Yasouj city, and this has disrupted the urban and rural balance, which can be considered an irreparable crisis in the future.Methodology:The current research is of the "parallel single method" type. It should be noted that the parallel single method design (like Morse's typology) uses two qualitative methods at the same time, one of which is the basic method and the other is the complementary method, then the results are combined with each other. Therefore, the method of conducting this research includes two steps as follows: A) Qualitative part (first part - basic part) [meta-composition]: to present the initial conceptual model of local empowerment of informal settlements b) Qualitative part (second part - supplementary part) [content analysis]: to explain the components of the conceptual model of indigenous empowerment of informal settlements (conceptual model of indigenous empowerment of informal settlements). Nvivo software was used for qualitative data analysis.Results and discussion:The findings of the research in the first part indicate 937 references, which were extracted through multiple reviews of 6 themes and 19 sub-themes.In accordance with the themes and sub-themes and the discovery of cause and effect relationships, the spiral model was presented in the first step as a secondary model of "Native Empowerment of Informal Settlements".The structure of the mentioned model includes six cycles, which are governance, participation and trust, culture and community, identity, perception of the environment and vitality of the model structure.In the second part, first, the components presented by the T-Test were compared with the theoretical mean, and then, by the multivariate regression test, the regression equations were presented to investigate the relationship between the components. The regression equations answer the level of support of the empowerment components of the biological quality of informal settlements, which was declared as the result in most of the regression equations.Conclusion:Institutional planning, formation of interdepartmental headquarters and strengthening the role and duties of institutions were presented as sub-themes of governance.The literature on empathy and synergy and participation in institutions are other important components in the participation sector. Paying attention to faith and human dignity and civic responsibility and promotion of endogenous social interactions are the main axes of the indigenous empowerment framework.Other important axes are looking at the past and paying attention to the historical precedent, adjustment and stabilization of tradition in planning.Other axes corresponding to the six cycles of the spiral model are given in the form of the final framework of indigenous empowerment of the informal settlement with an emphasis on the native origin of the residents. According to the cycles of the spiral model, the text of the final interview was prepared and 39 components were used to develop the final framework.Presented. Among the residents, the social customs of the elders and influential people of the tribe have an acceptable and influential position in helping to solve issues related to various areas of the residents' lives, and in solving the problems and dilemmas of the tribe members with the residents of other tribes living in the settlement.It is effective according to the existence of tribal blood and social interactions and relative and causal relations between clan members and other clans of the settlement, in the case of educating the residents and familiarizing them with the culture of the city and citizenship and taking advantage of the social potential of influential and organized people.The role of these people in the form of non-governmental organizations can be useful as mediators facilitating relations between service providers on behalf of the government and the people in order to solve problems and pave the way for the empowerment of residents. Respecting the tribal values and looking back, actions such as creating a house-neighborhood (formation of the local management core) for local actions (bottom-up approach) are important in the local empowerment of the informal settlement.Therefore, by recognizing local-traditional institutions, urban planners and designers have strengthened the belief in collective wisdom among residents and have included human dignity in planning.On the other hand, the design considerations for the optimal use of natural potential (congruence of the plan and context) and the principled design in accordance with the conditions, in inducing a sense of readability and belonging to the place, were evaluated positively, which managers and urban planners should pay due attention to in the aspect of physical planning. Manuscript profile
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