The Role of mindfulness And Meta-parenting in parenting style and Parenting Stress

Subject Areas : Educational

Sakineh julaieha ¹ , Alireza Agha yousefi ² , Morteza Tarkhan ³

1 - Psychology, University of Payamenoor, Mazandaran, Iran.
2 - Academic member, University of Payamenoor, Qom, Iran.
3 - Academic member, University of Payamenoor, Mazandaran, Iran

Received: 2016-07-21 Accepted : 2017-10-04 Published : 2018-05-22

Keywords: mindfulness, parenting stress, Stress, parenting, meta-parenting,

Abstract :

The aim of this studywas to investigate the role of mindfulnessandmeta-parenting in effective parenting and parenting stress. The sample group included 196 parents of elementary school students in the academic year 2014-2015 in Pakdasht city who were selected by purposive sampling. Participants completed Parenting Style Questionnaire (Baumrind, 1973), Mindful Attention Awareness (Ryan and Brown, 2003), Meta-Parenting Questionnaire (Hawk & Holden, 2006) and Parenting Stress Index (Abidin, 1990). The data were analyzed by Pearson multiple regression analysis. The results showed that mindfulness andcomponentof meta-parenting (anticipation) can be predict authoritarian style and authoritative style. The results showed that mindfulness and componentof meta-parenting (anticipation and reflection) had predictive power forparental stress in child and parent context (P<0.01). But mindfulness and components of meta-parentingdid not predict permissive style.

References:

جولائیها، س.، زارع، ح.، و موسوی، س.(1396) ارزیابی ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی پرسشنامة فراوالدگری. مجلة علمی پژوهان دورة 16 شمارة 1 48-42.

بی‌طرف، ش.، شعیری، م.ر.، و حکیم جوادی، م. (1389). هراس اجتماعی، سبک‌های فرزندپروری و کمال‌گرایی. فصلنامة روان‌شناسی تحولی، روان‌شناسان ایرانی. 25، 82-75.

دادستان، پ.، احمدی ازغندی، ع.، و حسن‌آبادی ح.(1385) استرس والدگری و سلامت عمومی: پژوهشی دربارة رابطة تنیدگی حاصل از فرزندپروری با سلامت عمومی در مادران پرستار و خانه‌دار دارای کودکان خردسال. فصلنامة روان‌شناسی تحولی: روان‌شناسان ایرانی.2(4).

Abidin R.R. (1990). Introduction to the special issue: The stresses of parenting. Journal of Clinical Child psychology, 19, 298-301.

Azar, S. T., Stevenson, M. T., & Johnson, D. R. (2012). Intellectual disabilities and neglectful parenting: Preliminary findings on the role of cognition in parenting risk. Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 5(2), 94-129.‌

Benzies, K. M., Harrison, M. J., & Magill-Evans, J. (2004). Parenting stress, marital quality, and child behavior problems at age 7 years. Public Health Nursing, 21(2), 111-121.

Brodzinsky, D., &Pinderhughes, E. (2013). Parenting and child development in adoptive families. Handbook of Parenting, 1, 279-311.‌

Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological Well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84,822-848

Bugental, D. B., & Johnston, C. (2000). Parental and child cognitions in the context of the family. Annual Review of Psychology, 51, 315-344.

Buri, J. R. (1991). Parental authority questionnaire. Journal of Personality Assessment,57, 110–119.

Coatsworth, J. D., Duncan, L. G., Nix, R. L., Greenberg, M. T., Gayles, J. G., Bamberger, K. T., ... & Demi, M. A. (2015). Integrating mindfulness with parent training: Effects of the mindfulness-enhanced strengthening families program.Developmental Psychology, 51(1), 26.‌

DeGarmo, D. S., &Forgatch, M. S. (2012). A confidant support and problem solving model of divorced fathers’ parenting. American Journal of Community psychology, 49(1-2), 258-269.‌

Dumas, J. E. (2005). Mindfulness-based parent training: Strategies to lessen the grip of automaticity in families with disruptive children. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34, 779-791.

Duncan, L.G., Coatsworth, J. D, Greenberg, M.T. (2009). A model of mindful parenting: implications for parent-child relationships and prevention research. Clin Child FamPsychol Rev, 12(3): 255-70.

Ghorbani, N., Watson, P. J., & Bart L. W. (2009). Mindfulness in Iran and the United States: Cross-Cultural Structural Complexity and Parallel Relationships with Psychological Adjustment. CurrPsychol, 28, 211–224.

Goodnow, J. J. (2002). Parents' knowledge and expectations: Using what we know. In M.H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Vol. 3. Being and becoming a parent (2nd ed., pp. 439-460). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Hawk, C. K., & Holden, G. W. (2006). Meta-parenting: An initial investigation into a new parental social cognition construct. Parenting: Science and Practice, 6, 321-342

Holden, G. W., & Hawk, C. K. (2003). Meta-parenting in the journey of childrearing: A cognitive mechanism for change. In L. Kuczynski (Ed.), Handbook of dynamics in parentchild relations (pp. 189–210). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Horvath, C. A., & Lee, C. M. (2015). Parenting responses and parenting goals of mothers and fathers of adolescents. Marriage & Family Review, 51(4), 337-355.‌

Hurley, K. D., Huscroft-D’Angelo, J., Trout, A., Griffith, A., & Epstein, M. (2014). Assessing parenting skills and attitudes: A review of the psychometrics of parenting measures. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23(5), 812-823.‌

Linda, E., Carlson, B., &Kirk,W. (2005). Validation of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale in a cancer population. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 58, 29-33.

Loyd, B. H., &Abidin, R. R. (1985). Revision of the parenting stress index. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 10(2), 169-177.

Malveiro, M. V. D. S. G. (2013). Stress parental e perfil de funcionalidade/incapacidade: Um estudo com famílias de crianças dos 0 aos 6 anosapoiadaspelasequipas de intervençãoprecoce da zona de Setubal (Doctoral dissertation).‌

McCabe, J. E. (2014). Maternal personality and psychopathology as determinants of parenting behavior: A quantitative integration of two parenting literatures. Psychological Bulletin, 140(3), 722.‌

Merrifield, K. A., Gamble, W. C., & Yu, J. J. (2015). Using social cognitive theory to understand meta-parenting in parents of young children. Family Science, 6(1), 362-369.‌

Morgan, D. (2003). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: A new approach to preventing relapse.

Parent, J., McKee, L. G., Rough, J. N., & Forehand, R. (2016). The association of parent mindfulness with parenting and youth psychopathology across three developmental stages. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 44(1), 191-202.‌

Perry-Parrish, C., Copeland-Linder, N., Webb, L., &Sibinga, E. M. (2016). Mindfulness-Based Approaches for Children and Youth. Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care, 46(6), 172-178.‌

Rispoli, K. M., McGoey, K. E., Koziol, N. A., & Schreiber, J. B. (2013). The relation of parenting, child temperament, and attachment security in early childhood to social competence at school entry. Journal of School Psychology,51(5), 643-658.‌

Rote, W. M., & Smetana, J. G. (2014). 27 Parenting, Adolescent–Parent Relationships, and Social Domain Theory: Implications for Identity Development. The Oxford Handbook of Identity Development, 437.‌

Ryan, R. M., & Brown, K. W. (2003). Why WeDon’t Need Self-Esteem: on FundamentalNeed, Contingent Love, and Mindfulness.Psychological Inquiry, 14, 27-82.

Seifer, R., Dickstein, S., Parade, S., Hayden, L. C., Magee, K. D., & Schiller, M. (2014). Mothers’ appraisal of goodness of fit and children’s social development. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 38(1), 86-97.‌

Smith, J. (2015). The Impulsive, Disorganized Child: Solutions for Parenting Kids with Executive Functioning Difficulties.‌ 66-67.

Tamm, L., Holden, G. W., Nakonezny, P. A., Swart, S., & Hughes, C. W. (2012). Metaparenting: associations with parenting stress, child-rearing practices, and retention in parents of children at risk for ADHD. ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders, 4(1), 1-10.‌

Wahler, R. G. (2002). How do parents do it? Journal of Child and Family Studies, 11,253-254

Wallace, D. P., McCracken, L. M., Weiss, K. E., &Harbeck-Weber, C. (2015). The role of parent psychological flexibility in relation to adolescent chronic pain: Further instrument development. The Journal of Pain, 16(3), 235.