The impact of leisure curriculum on leisure skills of the male secondary school students in Mashhad
Subject Areas : Research in Curriculum PlanningAbdolhamid Kam 1 , Maghsood Amin Khandaghi 2 , Ali Mashhadi 3
1 - 4 کارشناس ارشد روانشناسی بالینی، واحد ایلام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایلام، ایران
2 - 4 کارشناس ارشد روانشناسی بالینی، واحد ایلام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایلام، ایران
3 - 4 کارشناس ارشد روانشناسی بالینی، واحد ایلام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایلام، ایران
Keywords: leisure awareness, Self-regulation, self-awareness, Curriculum, Leisure Time, decision making, social skills,
Abstract :
Because of the importance of adulthood and the vast amount of leisure time during this period, the leisure curriculum has been highly noticed. Since leisure activities are of the necessities of students' life, this research was conducted to study about the effect of leisure curriculum on Leisure Skills.The research method was quasi-experimental and one group pretest -posttest design was used. The statistical population was composed of 2996 male secondary school students in Mashhad who had participated in recreation programs during the summer. The sample size consisted of 268 student were selected by Kukran formula. Cluster random sampling was used, too. To collect the data, a questionnaire (including126 questions) was utilized to measure the skills of leisure time including self-awareness, leisure awareness, decision making, social skills and the self-regulatory. The validity of the instrument was obtained through content validity and its reliability was measured by Cronbach's alpha as 0/76. For data analysis, t-test was used. The results indicated that leisure curriculum significantly increased the students' leisure skills (p>0.000). in other words, leisure curriculum has a great impact on students' leisure skills.
Ahmadi, H(2005). Guide the design and implementation of complementary and extracurricular activities in elementary. Tehran: Azmon Nenis Publication[Persian] Akbarian, M, Rafie, H, Sajadi, H, Karimlo, M(2008).Quality of Spending Leisure Times predictors of drug use among the unemployed. Social Welfare Quarterly. 9(34). 173-186[Persian] Amestoy, A.V., Del-Rosal, R.S. & Toscano, E.V(2008). The leisure experience. The journal of socio-economics, 37, P. 64-78. Amjadian, K(1999). Needs of high school students in Tehran.in Parents of students in elementary, middle and secondary state PTA project, Family Research Center. [Persian] Ataei Saeedi , H; Naseri Rad, M ; Mohebbi, S(2009).Evaluation of Effectiveness of Leisure Time Programs for Girl Students (The Case Study of Northern Khorasan Province. women's Strategic Studies. 44.1-33[Persian] Azimi M, Piri M, Zavvar T(2013). Relationship of academic burnout and self-regulated learning with academic performance of high school students. Research in Curriculum planning. 2 (38) :116-128 Babadi, A(2003). ). Life Skills Test, M.Sc. Thesis in Tehran University. [Persian] Bartko, W.T., & Eccles, J.S.,(2003). Adolescent participation in structured and unstructured activities: A person oriented analysis. Journal youth and adolescence. 32, P. 233-245. Brown, J.M. (1998). Self regulation and the addictive behaviors.In W.R. Miller & N. Heather (eds.), treating addictive behaviors (2nd ed., PP. 61-74). New York: Plenum press. Bull, C. Hoose, J., & Wead, M.(2003). Leisure studies, Harlow: Prentice Hall. Caldwell, L. (2002). Integrating leisure education into after school programs.Symposium presented at the California Park and Recreation Society annual conference. Los Angeles, CA. Calloway, J. (1995). Making the connection between leisure and at-risk youth in today’s society. In A. McKenney & J. Dattilo, (Eds), Effects of an intervention within a sport context on the prosocial behavior and antisocial behavior of adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders.Therapeutic Recreation Journal.35, 2, P. 123-140 Campbell, D.T,& Stanley,J.C.(1963). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for research. Chicago: Rand McNally. Cross, G. (2004). Encyclopedia of recreation and leisure in America, New York: Frank menchasa.P. 46-164. D’Attilo, J. (1999).Leisure education program planning.Venture Publishing, State College, PA. 35,2, P.123-140. D’Attilo, J. (2002). Inclusive leisure services: responding to the rights of people with disabilities. State college, PA: Venture Eisner,W Elliot.(1979). The educational imagination on the design and evaluation of schools programs.Upper saddle river, New Jersey Columbus, ohio, Elhampoor, H, Pakseresht, M(2002). The pattern of Spending Leisure Time in Students of Shiraz Chamran University. Education and Psychology. 3(4). 44-64.[Persian] Farineau, H.M., & Mcwey, L.M.(2001). The relationship between extracurricular activities and delinquency of adolescents in foster care.Journal of children and youth services review, 33, P. 963-968. Finn, P.R.(2006). An Evaluation of the effect of a leisure education curriculum on delinquents motivation, knowledge and behavior changes related to boredom. Orlando, Florida. P. 48-80. Fkoohi, N. Ansari Mahabad, F (2003). Leisure and Cultural character formation: case study of two high school girls in Tehran. Journal of Anthropology.3(2).11-23. [Persian] Fredricks, J.A., & Eccles, J.S.(2006). extracurricular participation associated with beneficial outcomes? Concurrent and longitudinal relations.Developmental psychology, 42, P. 698- 713. Ghaem, H, Mohammad Salehi, N , Mohammad Beigi, A(2008). Assessment of Spending Leisure Time in Students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Iranian Journal of Medical Education.1(1). 71-80. [Persian] Haji-Kazemi, E,Haghani, H, Nikpoor, S(2003). Study on Leisure of parents of children points of views Tehran hidhschools. [Persian] Homan, H(1994). Statistical Inference in Behavioral Research. Tehran: Paras Publication[Persian] Hoseini, M, Rahimi, L, Ajorlo, Z, Majidi, Z, R,zbahani, N(2005). Assessment of Spending Leisure Time in Women in the area covered by the population research center Dr. Mohammed Gharib in Arak city. Medical and Paramedical.9(2). 17-21[Persian] Iwasaki, Y., & Mannell, R.C.(2000). Hierarchical dimensions of leisure stress coping .leisure sciences, 22,P. 163-181. Jun, J., & Kyle, H.T(2011). The effect of identity/fasilitation on the ex perience of constraints to leisure and constraint negotiation.Journal of leisure research.43, P. 176-204. Khajeh Noori, B & Moghadas, A(2008). social and cultural factors influencing the amount Spending of leisure time, the study of high school students Abadeh city.Social research. 8(2). 133-156[Persian] Lewy, A(2004). Fundamentals of educational planning and school curriculum, Translated by Mashaiekh, F. Tehran: Madreseh Publication[Persian] Mahoney, J.L., & Stattin, H. (2000). Leisure activities and adolescent antisocial behavior: the role of structure and social context. Journal of adolescence, 23, P.113-127. Metzelaars, G.J., (1995).The relationship among college satisfaction, Leisureeducation. Mirhashemi Malek, M, Shokri, B, Ghayedmohammadi, M(2007). The Duration and Quality of Spending Leisure Times by Staff of Islamic Azad University. Curriculum Planning,4(13). 77-98[Persian] Mosapoor, N(2006).Principles of Secondary Education Planning. Mashhad: Behnashr Mundy, J. and Odum, L.(1997). Leisure education, theory and practice. Jahn wiley & sons, new York. Mundy,J.,(1998). Leisure education theory and practice.Sagamore publishing, Florida state university,P. 49-69. National Youth Organization(2004). National report on youth and leisure. Tehran: National Youth Organization[Persian] Negley, S. (2002).Understanding the value of leisure.Wellness Reproductions.Retrieved,2002. Pesavento, L.C. (2002). Leisure Education In the Schools. Paper presented to the American Association for Leisure and Recreation at the American Association of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance Convention, San Diego, CA. Pooresmaeil, E(2006).Productivity of leisure with respect to the opinions of sociologists and compare it with the teachings of a revealed. Religious Studies. 14. 183-207 Posner, G.J.(2004). Analyzing the curriculum.McGraw-Hill Humanities/social sciences/languages. P. 3-11. Rabbani, R , Shiri, H(2010). Leisure Time and Social Identity. Iranian Journal of Cultural Research.4. 209 242[Persian] Ryan, J.P., Marshal, J.M., Herz, D., & Hernandez, P.M. (2008).Juvenile delinquency in child welfare: investigating group home effects. Children and youth services review, 30, P. 1088-1099. Safi, A(2001). Organization and laws in education. Tehran: Samt Publication [Persian] Sandford, R.A., Duncombe, R., & Armour, K.M. (2008).The role of physical activity/sport in tackling youth disaffection and anti-social behavior.Education review, 60, P.419-435. Sellick, J. Stensrud, C. And Jorgenson, L. (2002).Leisure education: models and curriculum development.california state university, Sacramento, P. 2-32. Shoarinejad, A(2002).The role of extracurricular activities in adolescent education. Tehran: Etelaat Publication[Persian] Shulruf, B. (2011). Do extracurricular activities in school improve educational outcomes? A critical review and meta-analysis of the literature. Int rev educ. 56, P. 591-612 Soltani, F, Ahmadi, Gh, Shah Talebi, B(2010). A Study of the way Spending Leisure Time of University Instructors of Islamic Azad & State University of Shahrekord. Research in Curriculum planning. 1 (27):259-276 Taghipoor, A(2002). Introduction to instructional and curriculum planning. Tehran: Agah Taller. (2002).The status of children and youth. (n.d.) Retrieved December 1, 2002, from http://www.cominguptaller.org/report/chapter1.htm Thompson, A.M., Humbert, M.L., & Mirwald, R.L. (2003).Alongitudinal study of the impact of childhood and adolescent physical activity experiences on adult physical activity perceptions and behaviours, qualitative health research, 13, P. 358-377. Trainor, S., Delfabbro,P., Anderson, S., & Winefield, A(2010). Leisure activities and adolescent psychological well- being .Journal of adolescent, 33, P. 173-186. Wegner, Lisa. Alan J, Flisher. Marti, muller.& Carl, Lombard(2006). Leisure boredom and substance use among high school students in south Africa, journal of leisure reaserch. 38, 2, P.249-266. Zarei, A, Tindnevis, F(2003). Comparison Spending Leisure Time in Medical Students with other universities. Sport and Movement Science. 1(2).18
_||_