In this paper, a three-layer optimization strategy for flexible energy management of the active distribution system under the high penetration of wind and solar renewable energy sources is introduced, in which microgrids are responsible for providing the flexibility ser
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In this paper, a three-layer optimization strategy for flexible energy management of the active distribution system under the high penetration of wind and solar renewable energy sources is introduced, in which microgrids are responsible for providing the flexibility services to the main distribution network. In the proposed strategy, microgrid operators provide flexibility services through distributed generation resources, electrical storage systems, smart homes, and electric vehicles. In the first layer of the proposed strategy, smart homes are planned considering the energy and flexibility markets and then announce their final plan to the microgrid operator. In the second layer, microgrids plan their service area according to the plans received from smart homes and then send their participation plan in the energy and flexibility markets to the main distribution network operator. Eventually, in the third layer, the main distribution network operator plans the energy and flexibility markets according to the plans received from the microgrids. The proposed three-stage strategy is modeled as a mixed integer linear programming problem and solved by CPLEX solver in GAMS. The proposed optimization strategy has been implemented on several case studies and the simulation results demonstrate that this strategy can effectively provide the flexibility capacities required for sustainable operation through cheap resources within microgrids, thereby significantly reducing the daily costs of microgrids and distribution network.
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