Application of Pomegranate Peel Extract (PPE) with Sodium Alginate (Alg-Na) Coating on Fruit Decay Control and Quality Postharvest of Sweet Lemon Fruit cv Mahali
Subject Areas : Microbiology
L.
Taherpour
1
(M. Sc. Student of Food Science and Technology, Yasooj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasooj, Iran.)
M.
Hosseinifarahi
2
(Assistant Professor of Horticultural Science, Yasooj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasooj, Iran.)
M.
Radi
3
(Associate Professor of Food Science and Technology, Yasooj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasooj, Iran.)
Keywords: Alg-Na 1%, Pomegranate Peel Extract (PPE), Sweet Lemons, Vitamin C, Weight loss,
Abstract :
Introduction: Replacement of synthetic pesticides and antifungal compounds with naturalones for reducing the decay of agricultural products is a challenge in the industry.Materials and Methods: In order to investigate the effects of sodium alginate (Alg-Na) andpomegranate peel extract (PPE) on reduction of decay and improving the postharvest qualityof sweet lemon fruit, an experiment based on Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with sixtreatments and three replications was conducted. Treatments included Control (C), SodiumAlginate (Alg-Na 1%), PPE, PPE/Water ratio of 1:1, PPE/Water ratio of 1:2, PPE/Water ratioof 2:1 combined with Alg-Na 1%. Treated fruits were kept for 35 days at 20 oC and the fruitcharacteristics were evaluated at seven day intervals. Traits such as weight loss%, fruitfirmness (N), total acidity (TA %), pH, TSS%, vitamin C, fruit skin color (a*, b* and L*) andorganoleptic properties were measured.Results: The results showed that postharvest application of PPE and Alg-Na 1% hadsignificant effect on maintenance of sweet lemon in storage as compared to untreated fruits.The lowest fruit decay and microbial concentration was obtained in fruit treated with PPE andAlg-Na 1% as compared to other treatments. The lowest weight loss% was obtained in fruittreated with PPE and Alg-Na 1% and the highest was observed in untreated fruits. Fruittreated with PPE and Alg-Na 1% showed the highest fruit firmness at the end of storageperiod as compared to the control. The highest vitamin C at the end of storage was observedin fruit treated with PPE and Alg-Na 1%. The sensory test showed that consumer'sacceptability was increased by increasing the PPE concentration plus at Alg-Na 1%.Conclusion: Our study suggests that the use of PPE combined alginate coating has thepotential to maintain sweet lemon quality and extend its postharvest life to 35 days.
Afshari-Jouybari, H. & Farahnaky, A. (2011). Evaluation of Photoshop software potential for food colorimetry. Journal of Food Engineering, 106(2), 170-175.
Ahmad, I. & Beg, A. Z. (2001). Antimicrobial and phytochemical studies on 45 Indian medicinal plants against multi-drug resistant human pathogens. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 74(2), 113-123.
Ahmadzade, G. R., Ghiafe, D. M., Tanoori, T. & Sheykholeslami, Z. (2012). Effect of selected edible coatings of soy protein isolate, whey protein concentrate, carrageenan and alginate to extend shelf life of fresh-cut pears (Pyrus communis). Innovation in Food Science and Technology, 4(3), 47- 54.
Akhtar, S., Ismail, T., Fraternale, D. & Sestili, P. (2015). Pomegranate peel and peel extracts: Chemistry and food features. Food Chemistry, 174, 417-425.
Ansorena, M. R., Marcovich, N. E. & Roura, S. I. (2011). Impact of edible coatings and mild heat shocks on quality of minimally processed broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) during refrigerated storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 59(1), 53-63.
Aviram, M. & Dornfeld, L. (2001). Pomegranate juice consumption inhibits serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity and reduces systolic blood pressure. Atherosclerosis, 158(1), 195-198.
Azarakhsh, N., Osman, A., Ghazali, H. M., Tan, C. P. & Mohd Adzahan, N. (2014). Lemongrass essential oil incorporated into alginate-based edible coating for shelf-life extension and quality retention of fresh-cut pineapple. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 88, 1–7.
Basiri, S., Shekarforoush, S. S., Aminlari, M. & Akbari, S. (2015). The effect of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) on the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and quality of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) during refrigerated storage. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 60(2), 1025-1033.
Díaz-Mula, H. M., Serrano, M. & Valero, D. (2012). Alginate coatings preserve fruit quality and bioactive compounds during storage of sweet cherry fruit. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 5(8), 2990-2997.
Fan, Y., Xu, Y., Wang, D., Zhang, L., Sun, J., Sun, L. & Zhang, B. (2009). Effect of alginate coating combined with yeast antagonist on strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa) preservation quality. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 53(1–2), 84–90.
FAO. (2016). Citrus fruit statistics 2015. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation. Rome, 53 page.
Hernández-Muñoz, P., Almenar, E., Del Valle, V., Velez, D. & Gavara, R. (2008). Effect of chitosan coating combined with postharvest calcium treatment on strawberry (Fragaria× ananassa) quality during refrigerated storage. Food Chemistry, 110(2), 428-435.
Hosseini Farahi, M. & Haghanifard, Z. (2017). Effects of aloe vera gel, salicylic acid and hot water on fruit decay and quality properties of sweet lemon fruit during storage. Journal of Crop Production and Processing, 7 (3), 63-78.
Hosseinifarahi, M., Radi, M., Bagheri, F. & Jamshidi, E. (2018). Evaluation of postharvest quality and organoleptic characteristics of strawberry with application of aloe vera gel, acetic acid and UV-B irradiation. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 19 (1), 99-114.
Jiang, T. (2013). Effect of alginate coating on physicochemical and sensory qualities of button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) under a high oxygen modified atmosphere. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 76, 91-97.
Jiang, T., Feng, L. & Wang, Y. (2013). Effect of alginate/nano-Ag coating on microbial and physicochemical characteristics of shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) during cold storage. Food Chemistry, 141(2), 954-960.
Jongen, W. (Ed.). (2005). Improving the safety of fresh fruit and vegetables. CRC Press.
Khan, A. S., Singh, Z., Abbasi, N. A. & Swinny, E. E. (2008). Pre‐or post-harvest applications of putrescine and low temperature storage affect fruit ripening and quality of ‘Angelino’plum. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 88(10), 1686-1695. Kharchoufi, S., Parafati, L., Licciardello, F., Muratore, G., Hamdi, M., Cirvilleri, G. & Restuccia, C. (2018). Edible coatings incorporating pomegranate peel extract and biocontrol yeast to reduce Penicillium digitatum postharvest decay of oranges. Food Microbiology, 74, 107-112.
Larrigaudiere, C., Pons, J., Torres, R. & Usall, J. (2002). Storage performance of clementines treated with hot water, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate dips. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 77(3), 314-319.
Maftoonazad, N. & Ramaswamy, H. S. (2005). Postharvest shelf-life extension of avocados using methyl cellulose-based coating. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 38(6), 617-624.
Maftoonazad, N., Ramaswamy, H. S. & Marcotte, M. (2008). Shelf‐life extension of peaches through sodium alginate and methyl cellulose edible coatings. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 43(6), 951-957.
Martinez‐Romero, D., Serrano, M., Carbonell, A., Burgos, L., Riquelme, F. & Valero, D. (2002). Effects of postharvest putrescine treatment on extending shelf life and reducing mechanical damage in apricot. Journal of Food Science, 67(5), 1706-1712.
Mirjalili, S. (2015). A review on biochemical constituents and medicinal properties of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Journal of Medicinal Plants, 4 (56),1-22
Mostofi, Y. & Najafi, F. (2005). Analytical laboratory methods in horticultural sciences. Vol 1. University of Tehran Press. 136 p
Nafussi, B., Ben-Yehoshua, S., Rodov, V., Peretz, J., Ozer, B. K. & D'hallewin, G. (2001). Mode of action of hot-water dip in reducing decay of lemon fruit. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49(1), 107-113.
Nair, M. S., Saxena, A. & Kaur, C. (2018). Effect of chitosan and alginate based coatings
enriched with pomegranate peel extract to extend the postharvest quality of guava (Psidium guajava L.). Food Chemistry, 240, 245-252.
Naseh, Gh., Hassanpour-Fard, M., Bodhankar, S. & Dikshit M. (2010). Pomegranate, Bottle gourd, Antibacterial activity, Tetracycline. Journal of Birjand University Medical Science, 17 (4), 257-264
Nicosia, M. G. L. D., Pangallo, S., Raphael, G., Romeo, F. V., Strano, M. C., Rapisarda, P., Droby, S. & Schena, L. (2016). Control of postharvest fungal rots on citrus fruit and sweet cherries using a pomegranate peel extract. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 114, 54-61.
Noda, Y., Kaneyuki, T., Mori, A. & Packer, L. (2002). Antioxidant activities of pomegranate fruit extract and its anthocyanidins: delphinidin, cyanidin, and pelargonidin. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(1), 166-171.
Olivas, G. I., Mattinson, D. S. & Barbosa-Cánovas, G. V. (2007). Alginate coatings for preservation of minimally processed ‘Gala’apples. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 45(1): 89-96.
Oms-Oliu, G., Soliva-Fortuny, R. & Martín-Belloso, O. (2008). Edible coatings with antibrowning agents to maintain sensory quality and antioxidant properties of fresh-cut pears. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 50(1), 87-94.
Osorio, E., Floresa, M., Hernàndeza, D., Venturab, J., Rodrìguezb, R. & Aguilarb, C.N. (2010). Biological efficiency of polyphenolic extracts from pecan nuts shell (Carya Illinoensis), pomegranate husk (Punica granatum) and creosote bush leaves (Larrea tridentata Cov.) against plant pathogenic fungi. Industrial Crops and Products, 31, 153– 157
Perez-Gago, M. B., Serra, M. & Del Rio, M. A. (2006). Color change of fresh-cut apples coated with whey protein concentrate-based edible coatings. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 39(1), 84-92.
Qadir, A. & Hashinaga, F. (2001). Inhibition of postharvest decay of fruits by nitrous oxide. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 22(3), 279-283.
Radi, M., Jouybari, H. A., Mesbahi, G., Farahnaky, A. & Amiri, S. (2010). Effect of hot acetic acid solutions on postharvest decay caused by Penicillium expansum on Red Delicious apples. Scientia Horticulturae, 126(4), 421-425.
Rao, T. R., Baraiya, N. S., Vyas, P. B. & Patel, D. M. (2016). Composite coating of alginate-olive oil enriched with antioxidants enhances postharvest quality and shelf life of Ber fruit (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk. Var. Gola). Journal of Food Science and Technology, 53(1), 748-756.
Rojas-Graü, M. A., Tapia, M. S., Rodríguez, F. J., Carmona, A. J. & Martin-Belloso, O. (2007). Alginate and gellan-based edible coatings as carriers of antibrowning agents applied on fresh-cut Fuji apples. Food Hydrocolloids, 21(1), 118-127.
Rongai, D., Sabatini, N., Pulcini, P., Di Marco, C., Storchi, L. & Marrone, A. (2018). Effect of pomegranate peel extract on shelf life of strawberries: computational chemistry approaches to assess antifungal mechanisms involved. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 55(7), 2702-2711.
Sadeghipour, M., Badii, F., Behmadi, H. & Bazyar, B. (2012). The effect of methyl cellulose based active edible coatings on the storage life of tomato. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 35(9), 89-98.
Salahvarzi, Y., Tehranifar, A. & Jahanbakhsh, V. (2011). Relation of antioxidant and antifungal activity of different parts of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) extracts with its phenolic content. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 27(1), 47-56. doi: 10.22092/ijmapr.2011.6562
Sandhya, S., Khamrui, K., Prasad, W. & Kumar, M. C. T. (2018). Preparation of pomegranate peel extract powder and evaluation of its effect on functional properties and shelf life of curd. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 92, 416-421.
Sarkhosh, A., Zamani, Z., Fatahi, R., Ghorbani, H. & Hadian, J. (2007). A Review on Medicinal Characteristics of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2 (22), 13-24
Sayari, M., Babalar, M., Kalantari, S., Alizadeh, H. & Asgari, M. (2009). Effects of salicylic acid on chilling resistance and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity in ‘Malase saveh’ pomegranate (Punica granatum) during cold storage. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 40(3).
Smilanick, J. L. & Sorenson, D. (2001). Control of postharvest decay of citrus fruit with
calcium polysulfide. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 21(2), 157-168.
Takma, D. K. & Korel, F. (2017). Impact of preharvest and postharvest alginate treatments enriched with vanillin on postharvest decay, biochemical properties, quality and sensory attributes of table grapes. Food Chemistry, 221, 187-195.
Tayel, A. A., El-Baz, A. F., Salem, M. F. & El-Hadary, M. H. (2009). Potential applications of pomegranate peel extract for the control of citrus green mould. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 116(6), 252-256.
Tehranifar, A., Selahvarzia, Y., Kharrazia, M. & Bakhshb, V. J. (2011). High potential of agro-industrial by-products of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) as the powerful antifungal and antioxidant substances. Industrial Crops and Products, 34, 1523–1527.
Valero, D., Díaz-Mula, H. M., Zapata, P. J., Guillén, F., Martínez-Romero, D., Castillo, S. & Serrano, M. (2013). Effects of alginate edible coating on preserving fruit quality in four plum cultivars during postharvest storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 77, 1-6.
Voravuthikunchai, S. P., Sririrak, T., Limsuwan, S., Supawita, T., Iida, T. & Honda, T. (2005). Inhibitory effects of active compounds from Punica granatum pericarp on verocytotoxin production by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157: H7. Journal of Health Science, 51(5), 590-596.
Yaman, Ö. & Bayoιndιrlι, L. (2002). Effects of an edible coating and cold storage on shelf-life and quality of cherries. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 35(2), 146-150.
Zapata, P. J., Guillén, F., Martínez‐Romero, D., Castillo, S., Valero, D. & Serrano, M. (2008). Use of alginate or zein as edible coatings to delay postharvest ripening process and to maintain tomato (Solanum lycopersicon Mill) quality. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 88(7), 1287-1293.
Zarbakhsh, S. & Rastegar, S. (2017). The Effect of Salicylic Acid and Gum Arabic on Some Qualitative and Quantitative Characteristics of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam During Storage. Journal of Food Technology and Nutrition, 14(2), 78-98.
Zivanovic, S., Buescher, R. W. & Kim, K. S. (2000). Textural changes in mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) associated tissue ultrastructure and composition. Journal of Food Science, 65, 1404–1408.
Afshari-Jouybari, H. & Farahnaky, A. (2011). Evaluation of Photoshop software potential for food colorimetry. Journal of Food Engineering, 106(2), 170-175.
Ahmad, I. & Beg, A. Z. (2001). Antimicrobial and phytochemical studies on 45 Indian medicinal plants against multi-drug resistant human pathogens. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 74(2), 113-123.
Ahmadzade, G. R., Ghiafe, D. M., Tanoori, T. & Sheykholeslami, Z. (2012). Effect of selected edible coatings of soy protein isolate, whey protein concentrate, carrageenan and alginate to extend shelf life of fresh-cut pears (Pyrus communis). Innovation in Food Science and Technology, 4(3), 47- 54.
Akhtar, S., Ismail, T., Fraternale, D. & Sestili, P. (2015). Pomegranate peel and peel extracts: Chemistry and food features. Food Chemistry, 174, 417-425.
Ansorena, M. R., Marcovich, N. E. & Roura, S. I. (2011). Impact of edible coatings and mild heat shocks on quality of minimally processed broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) during refrigerated storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 59(1), 53-63.
Aviram, M. & Dornfeld, L. (2001). Pomegranate juice consumption inhibits serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity and reduces systolic blood pressure. Atherosclerosis, 158(1), 195-198.
Azarakhsh, N., Osman, A., Ghazali, H. M., Tan, C. P. & Mohd Adzahan, N. (2014). Lemongrass essential oil incorporated into alginate-based edible coating for shelf-life extension and quality retention of fresh-cut pineapple. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 88, 1–7.
Basiri, S., Shekarforoush, S. S., Aminlari, M. & Akbari, S. (2015). The effect of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) on the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and quality of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) during refrigerated storage. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 60(2), 1025-1033.
Díaz-Mula, H. M., Serrano, M. & Valero, D. (2012). Alginate coatings preserve fruit quality and bioactive compounds during storage of sweet cherry fruit. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 5(8), 2990-2997.
Fan, Y., Xu, Y., Wang, D., Zhang, L., Sun, J., Sun, L. & Zhang, B. (2009). Effect of alginate coating combined with yeast antagonist on strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa) preservation quality. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 53(1–2), 84–90.
FAO. (2016). Citrus fruit statistics 2015. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation. Rome, 53 page.
Hernández-Muñoz, P., Almenar, E., Del Valle, V., Velez, D. & Gavara, R. (2008). Effect of chitosan coating combined with postharvest calcium treatment on strawberry (Fragaria× ananassa) quality during refrigerated storage. Food Chemistry, 110(2), 428-435.
Hosseini Farahi, M. & Haghanifard, Z. (2017). Effects of aloe vera gel, salicylic acid and hot water on fruit decay and quality properties of sweet lemon fruit during storage. Journal of Crop Production and Processing, 7 (3), 63-78.
Hosseinifarahi, M., Radi, M., Bagheri, F. & Jamshidi, E. (2018). Evaluation of postharvest quality and organoleptic characteristics of strawberry with application of aloe vera gel, acetic acid and UV-B irradiation. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 19 (1), 99-114.
Jiang, T. (2013). Effect of alginate coating on physicochemical and sensory qualities of button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) under a high oxygen modified atmosphere. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 76, 91-97.
Jiang, T., Feng, L. & Wang, Y. (2013). Effect of alginate/nano-Ag coating on microbial and physicochemical characteristics of shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) during cold storage. Food Chemistry, 141(2), 954-960.
Jongen, W. (Ed.). (2005). Improving the safety of fresh fruit and vegetables. CRC Press.
Khan, A. S., Singh, Z., Abbasi, N. A. & Swinny, E. E. (2008). Pre‐or post-harvest applications of putrescine and low temperature storage affect fruit ripening and quality of ‘Angelino’plum. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 88(10), 1686-1695. Kharchoufi, S., Parafati, L., Licciardello, F., Muratore, G., Hamdi, M., Cirvilleri, G. & Restuccia, C. (2018). Edible coatings incorporating pomegranate peel extract and biocontrol yeast to reduce Penicillium digitatum postharvest decay of oranges. Food Microbiology, 74, 107-112.
Larrigaudiere, C., Pons, J., Torres, R. & Usall, J. (2002). Storage performance of clementines treated with hot water, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate dips. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 77(3), 314-319.
Maftoonazad, N. & Ramaswamy, H. S. (2005). Postharvest shelf-life extension of avocados using methyl cellulose-based coating. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 38(6), 617-624.
Maftoonazad, N., Ramaswamy, H. S. & Marcotte, M. (2008). Shelf‐life extension of peaches through sodium alginate and methyl cellulose edible coatings. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 43(6), 951-957.
Martinez‐Romero, D., Serrano, M., Carbonell, A., Burgos, L., Riquelme, F. & Valero, D. (2002). Effects of postharvest putrescine treatment on extending shelf life and reducing mechanical damage in apricot. Journal of Food Science, 67(5), 1706-1712.
Mirjalili, S. (2015). A review on biochemical constituents and medicinal properties of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Journal of Medicinal Plants, 4 (56),1-22
Mostofi, Y. & Najafi, F. (2005). Analytical laboratory methods in horticultural sciences. Vol 1. University of Tehran Press. 136 p
Nafussi, B., Ben-Yehoshua, S., Rodov, V., Peretz, J., Ozer, B. K. & D'hallewin, G. (2001). Mode of action of hot-water dip in reducing decay of lemon fruit. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49(1), 107-113.
Nair, M. S., Saxena, A. & Kaur, C. (2018). Effect of chitosan and alginate based coatings
enriched with pomegranate peel extract to extend the postharvest quality of guava (Psidium guajava L.). Food Chemistry, 240, 245-252.
Naseh, Gh., Hassanpour-Fard, M., Bodhankar, S. & Dikshit M. (2010). Pomegranate, Bottle gourd, Antibacterial activity, Tetracycline. Journal of Birjand University Medical Science, 17 (4), 257-264
Nicosia, M. G. L. D., Pangallo, S., Raphael, G., Romeo, F. V., Strano, M. C., Rapisarda, P., Droby, S. & Schena, L. (2016). Control of postharvest fungal rots on citrus fruit and sweet cherries using a pomegranate peel extract. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 114, 54-61.
Noda, Y., Kaneyuki, T., Mori, A. & Packer, L. (2002). Antioxidant activities of pomegranate fruit extract and its anthocyanidins: delphinidin, cyanidin, and pelargonidin. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(1), 166-171.
Olivas, G. I., Mattinson, D. S. & Barbosa-Cánovas, G. V. (2007). Alginate coatings for preservation of minimally processed ‘Gala’apples. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 45(1): 89-96.
Oms-Oliu, G., Soliva-Fortuny, R. & Martín-Belloso, O. (2008). Edible coatings with antibrowning agents to maintain sensory quality and antioxidant properties of fresh-cut pears. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 50(1), 87-94.
Osorio, E., Floresa, M., Hernàndeza, D., Venturab, J., Rodrìguezb, R. & Aguilarb, C.N. (2010). Biological efficiency of polyphenolic extracts from pecan nuts shell (Carya Illinoensis), pomegranate husk (Punica granatum) and creosote bush leaves (Larrea tridentata Cov.) against plant pathogenic fungi. Industrial Crops and Products, 31, 153– 157
Perez-Gago, M. B., Serra, M. & Del Rio, M. A. (2006). Color change of fresh-cut apples coated with whey protein concentrate-based edible coatings. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 39(1), 84-92.
Qadir, A. & Hashinaga, F. (2001). Inhibition of postharvest decay of fruits by nitrous oxide. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 22(3), 279-283.
Radi, M., Jouybari, H. A., Mesbahi, G., Farahnaky, A. & Amiri, S. (2010). Effect of hot acetic acid solutions on postharvest decay caused by Penicillium expansum on Red Delicious apples. Scientia Horticulturae, 126(4), 421-425.
Rao, T. R., Baraiya, N. S., Vyas, P. B. & Patel, D. M. (2016). Composite coating of alginate-olive oil enriched with antioxidants enhances postharvest quality and shelf life of Ber fruit (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk. Var. Gola). Journal of Food Science and Technology, 53(1), 748-756.
Rojas-Graü, M. A., Tapia, M. S., Rodríguez, F. J., Carmona, A. J. & Martin-Belloso, O. (2007). Alginate and gellan-based edible coatings as carriers of antibrowning agents applied on fresh-cut Fuji apples. Food Hydrocolloids, 21(1), 118-127.
Rongai, D., Sabatini, N., Pulcini, P., Di Marco, C., Storchi, L. & Marrone, A. (2018). Effect of pomegranate peel extract on shelf life of strawberries: computational chemistry approaches to assess antifungal mechanisms involved. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 55(7), 2702-2711.
Sadeghipour, M., Badii, F., Behmadi, H. & Bazyar, B. (2012). The effect of methyl cellulose based active edible coatings on the storage life of tomato. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 35(9), 89-98.
Salahvarzi, Y., Tehranifar, A. & Jahanbakhsh, V. (2011). Relation of antioxidant and antifungal activity of different parts of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) extracts with its phenolic content. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 27(1), 47-56. doi: 10.22092/ijmapr.2011.6562
Sandhya, S., Khamrui, K., Prasad, W. & Kumar, M. C. T. (2018). Preparation of pomegranate peel extract powder and evaluation of its effect on functional properties and shelf life of curd. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 92, 416-421.
Sarkhosh, A., Zamani, Z., Fatahi, R., Ghorbani, H. & Hadian, J. (2007). A Review on Medicinal Characteristics of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2 (22), 13-24
Sayari, M., Babalar, M., Kalantari, S., Alizadeh, H. & Asgari, M. (2009). Effects of salicylic acid on chilling resistance and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity in ‘Malase saveh’ pomegranate (Punica granatum) during cold storage. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 40(3).
Smilanick, J. L. & Sorenson, D. (2001). Control of postharvest decay of citrus fruit with
calcium polysulfide. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 21(2), 157-168.
Takma, D. K. & Korel, F. (2017). Impact of preharvest and postharvest alginate treatments enriched with vanillin on postharvest decay, biochemical properties, quality and sensory attributes of table grapes. Food Chemistry, 221, 187-195.
Tayel, A. A., El-Baz, A. F., Salem, M. F. & El-Hadary, M. H. (2009). Potential applications of pomegranate peel extract for the control of citrus green mould. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 116(6), 252-256.
Tehranifar, A., Selahvarzia, Y., Kharrazia, M. & Bakhshb, V. J. (2011). High potential of agro-industrial by-products of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) as the powerful antifungal and antioxidant substances. Industrial Crops and Products, 34, 1523–1527.
Valero, D., Díaz-Mula, H. M., Zapata, P. J., Guillén, F., Martínez-Romero, D., Castillo, S. & Serrano, M. (2013). Effects of alginate edible coating on preserving fruit quality in four plum cultivars during postharvest storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 77, 1-6.
Voravuthikunchai, S. P., Sririrak, T., Limsuwan, S., Supawita, T., Iida, T. & Honda, T. (2005). Inhibitory effects of active compounds from Punica granatum pericarp on verocytotoxin production by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157: H7. Journal of Health Science, 51(5), 590-596.
Yaman, Ö. & Bayoιndιrlι, L. (2002). Effects of an edible coating and cold storage on shelf-life and quality of cherries. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 35(2), 146-150.
Zapata, P. J., Guillén, F., Martínez‐Romero, D., Castillo, S., Valero, D. & Serrano, M. (2008). Use of alginate or zein as edible coatings to delay postharvest ripening process and to maintain tomato (Solanum lycopersicon Mill) quality. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 88(7), 1287-1293.
Zarbakhsh, S. & Rastegar, S. (2017). The Effect of Salicylic Acid and Gum Arabic on Some Qualitative and Quantitative Characteristics of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam During Storage. Journal of Food Technology and Nutrition, 14(2), 78-98.
Zivanovic, S., Buescher, R. W. & Kim, K. S. (2000). Textural changes in mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) associated tissue ultrastructure and composition. Journal of Food Science, 65, 1404–1408.