Evaluation of Anti-Fungal Activity of Boswellia Gum Coating and Its Effect on the Shelf Life of Fresh Hazelnut
Subject Areas : MicrobiologyM. Smaeil Nasrabadi 1 , S. Golghin 2 , E. Azadfar 3 , H. Nori Topkanlo 4
1 - Member of the Department of Food Science and Technology, Technical Girls College of Neyshabour, Neyshabur Branch, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran.
2 - PhD Student of Food Science and Technology, Neyshabour Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabour, Iran.
3 - PhD Student of Food Science and Technology, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran
4 - PhD Student of Food Science and Technology, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran
Keywords: Boswellia Gum, Edible Films, Hazelnut, Oxidative Reactions,
Abstract :
Introduction: Hazelnuts are rich in fat, protein, minerals and vitamins. If the conditions are unfavorable during storage, mold and aflatoxin production, moisture absorption and oxidative reactions will reduce the quality of the product. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hazelnut kernel coating with Boswellia gum on reducing these reactions. Materials and Methods: Boswellia gum was used in different concentrations of zero, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% to cover hazelnut kernels. Hazelnuts kernels were submerged in the prepared coating solutions for 30 seconds and then dried. The effect of oral coating of Boswellia gum on moisture absorption, oil oxidation and fungal growth of samples was studied during five months of storage. Results: The results showed that Boswellia gum significantly (p <0.05) reduced moisture absorption, fungi growth and percentage of Aspergillus mold development as compared to the control sample during storage. The gum also Boswellia significantly reduced peroxide and thiobarbituric acid indices compared to the control sample during storage. Conclusion: The results indicated that for Boswellia edible gum might be employed as a natural preservative hazelnut coating.
AACC. (2000). Approved methods of the American Association of the Cereal Chemist, 10th edition.
Abdelwahab, S. M., Abutalabi, E. A., El- Zalabani, S. M., Fouad, H. A., Depooter, H. L. & EL-Fallaha, B. (1987). The essential oil of olibanum. Planta Medica, 382 – 385.
Adinugraha, M. P. & Marseno, D. W. (2005). Synthesis and haracterization of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose from cavendish banana pseudostem (Musa cavendishii lambert). Carbohydrate Polymers, 62,164-169.
Alasalvar, C., Shahidi., F., Ohshima Wanasundara, U. & Yurttas, C. T. (2003). Turkish Tombul Hazelnut (corylus avellana L.). lipid Characterisitics and Oxidative Stability. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 51, 3797-3805.
Amini Rastabi, H. & Mirzaey, A. S. (2018). Effect of Farsi Gum Coating on Shelf Life of Walnut. Journal of Food Engineering Research. 17 (65), 101-111. [In Persian]
AOAC. (2005). Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington.
AOAC. (2007). Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington.
Belgheisi, S., Azizi, M., Zohourian, G. & Hadian, Z. (2009). Evaluation of the physical properties of the edible protein film of whey protein-monohydrate and its effect on moisture loss and sensory characteristics of fresh sheep meat. Journal of Nutrition and Food Technology, 3, 83-93. [In Persian]
Bourtoom, T. & chinnan, M. S. (2008). Preparation and properties of rice strarch- chitosan blend biodegradable film. LWT-Food Science & Technology, 41, 1633–1641
Büchele, B., Zugmaier, W. & Simmet, T. (2003). Analysis of pent acyclic triterpenic acids from frankincense gum resins and related pharmaceuticals by high performance liquid chromatography. Identification of lupeolic acid, a novel pent acyclic triterpene. Journal of Chromatography B, 791, 21–30.
Camarda, L., Dayton, T., Di Stefano, V., Pitonzo, R. & Schillaci, D. (2007). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of some oleo gum resin essential oils from Boswellia spp. (Burseraceae). Ann Chemistry, 97, 837 - 44.
Destaillats, F., Cruz-Hernandez, C., Giuffrida, F. & Dionisi, F. (2010). Identification of the botanical origin of pine nuts found in food products by gas-liquid chromatography analysis of fatty acid profile. Journal of agriculture and food chemistry, 58, 2082-2087.
Ghirardello, D., Contessa, C., Valentini, N., Zeppa, G., Rolle, L., Gerbi, V. & Botta, R. (2013). Effect of storage conditions on chemical and physical characteristics of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.). Postharvest Biology and Technology, 37-43
Gurses, M. (2006). Mycroflora and aflatoxin content of hazelnuts, walnuts, peanuts, almonds and chickpeas (leblebi) sold in Turkey. Internatural Journal of Food Properties, 9, 395-399.
Hayouni, E. A., Abedrabba, M., Bouix, M. & Hamdi, M. (2007). The effects of solvents and extraction method on the phenolic contents and biological activities in vitro of Tunisian Quercus Coccifera L. and Juniperus phoenicea L. fruit extracts. Food Chemistry, 105, 1126-1134.
Javanmard, M. & Ramezan, Y. (2009). Use of edible coating containing alcoholic extract of Zatariamultifora to inhibit Aspergillus flavus growth on pistachio nut. Journal ofMedicinal Plant, 30, 61-70. [In Persian]
Kang, H. J., Kim, S. J., You, Y.S., Lacroix, M. & Han, J. (2013). Inhibitory effect of soy protein coating formulations on walnut (Juglans regia L.) kernels against lipid oxidation. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 51, 393-396.
Kasali, A. A., Adio, A. M., Kundayo, O. E., Oyedeji, A. O., Adefenwa, A. O. E.M. & Adeniyi, B. A. (2010). Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Boswellia serrata Roxb. (Fam. Burseraceae) bark J. of Essential oil - Bearing Plants, 5, 173-175.
Leichtfried, D., Krist, S., Puchinger, L., Messner, K. & Buchbauer, G. (2004). Food Research Technology, 219-282.
Mothana, R. A. A., Hasson, S. S. Schultze, W., Mowitz, A. & Lindequist, U. (2011). Phytochemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oils of three endemic Soqotraen Boswellia species. Food Chemistry, 126, 1149-1154.
Maghsoudlou, A., Maghsoudlou, Y., Khomeiri, M. & Ghorbani, M. (2013). Evaluation of anti-fungal activity of chitosan and its effect on the moisture absorption and organoleptic characteristics of pistachio Nuts. Journal of Research and Innovation in Food Science and Technology, 1(2), 87-98. [In Persian]
Mohammadi, A. & Arabshahi- Delouee, S. (2017). Evaluation of active components and antioxidant activity of essential oil of Boswellia serrata. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 13 (14), 108-107. [In Persian]
Mohammadzadeh Milani, J., Nasrolaah Nattaj, L., Kaboosi, H. & Maleki, G. (2017). Effect of charkhak (Launaeaacanthodes) gum coating on shelf life of Peanuts. Journal of Food Sciences and Technology. [In Persian]
Ozdemir, F. & Akinci, I. (2004). Physical and nutritional properties of four major commercial Turkish hazelnut varieties. Journal of Food Engineering, 63, 341-347.
Peter, W., Wade, Y. & Nasson-R, M. (2011). Effects of Sonication and Edible Coating Containing Rosemary and Tea Extracts on Reduction of Peanut Lipid Oxidative Rancidity. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 4, 107-115.
Pokorny, J. & Diffenbacher, A. (1989). Determination of 2-thiobarbituric acid value: Direct method. Results of a collaborative study and standardized method. International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 61(6), 1165-1170.
Prakash, B., Singh, P., Kedia, A. & Dubey, N. K. (2012). Assessment of some essential oils as food preservatives based on antifungal, antiaflatoxin, antioxidant activity and in vivo efficacy in food system. Food Research International, 49, 201-208.
Rahimi, R., Shams-Ardekani, M. R. & Abdollahi, M. (2010). A review of the efficacy of traditional Iranian medicine for inflammatory bowel disease. World Journal Gastroenterology, 16(36), 4504.
Razavi, R., Maghsoudloo, Y., Ghorbani, M. & Alami, M. (2015). Antifungal effects of thyme hydroalcoholic extract and oral carboxy-methylcellulose coating on increasing the shelf life of fresh hazelnut kernels. Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, 12 (3), 49-39. [In Persian]
Razavi, R., Maghsoudlou, Y., Ghorbani, M. & Alami, M. (2016). Evaluation of CMC-based coatings with thyme extract (Thymus vulgaris) on physiochemical reactions of fresh hazelnut. Journal of Food Science and Technology. 51(13), 169-180. [In Persian]
Reveros, C. G., Mestrallet, M. G., Quiroga, P. R., Nepote, V. & Grosso, N. R. (2013). Preserving sensory attributes of roasted peanuts using edible coatings. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 48, 850-859.
Ribeiro, C., Vicente, A. A., Teixeira, J. A. & Miranda, C. (2007). Optimization of edible coating composition to retard strawberry fruit senescence. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 44, 63–70.
Rijkers, T., Ogbazghi, W., Wessel, M. & Bongers, F. (2006). The effect of tapping for frankincense on sexual reproduction in Boswellia papyrifera. Journal Application Ecology, 43(6), 1188-1195.
Sabbaghi, M., Maghsoudloo Khamiri, M. & Ziaeifar, A. (2014). The effect of a mixture of chitosan coating and green tea extract on oxidative and fungal activity of walnut kernel. Journal of Research and Innovation in Food Science and Industry, 3 (4), 374-361. [In Persian]
Schade, U. F., Engel, R. & Jackobs, D. (1991). Differential protective activities of site specific lipoxygenase inhibitorsin endotoxic shock and protection of tumor necrosis factor. International Journal Immunopharmacol, 13, 565-571.
Tavakolipour, H., Javanmard Dakheli, M. & Zirjany, L. (2011). Inhibitory effect of coating pistachio kernel based in whey protein concentrate (WPC) and thyme essential oil on aflatoxin production. Food science and Technology. 2:6.53-63.
Trezza, T. A. & Krochta, J. M. (2000). Color stability of edible coatings during prolonged storage. Journal of Food Science, 65, 1166-1169.
Valverde, J. M., Valero, D., Martinez-Romero, F., Guillean, S. & Serrano, M. (2005). Novel edible coating based on aloe vera gel to maintain table grape quality and safety. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,53(20), 7807-7813.
Ying, Z., Lei, Y., Yuangang, Z., Xiaoqiang, C., Fuji, W. & Fang, L. (2010). Oxidative stability of sunflower oil supplemented with carnosic acid compared with synthetic antioxidants during accelerated storage. Food Chemistry, 118, 656–662.
AACC. (2000). Approved methods of the American Association of the Cereal Chemist, 10th edition.
Abdelwahab, S. M., Abutalabi, E. A., El- Zalabani, S. M., Fouad, H. A., Depooter, H. L. & EL-Fallaha, B. (1987). The essential oil of olibanum. Planta Medica, 382 – 385.
Adinugraha, M. P. & Marseno, D. W. (2005). Synthesis and haracterization of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose from cavendish banana pseudostem (Musa cavendishii lambert). Carbohydrate Polymers, 62,164-169.
Alasalvar, C., Shahidi., F., Ohshima Wanasundara, U. & Yurttas, C. T. (2003). Turkish Tombul Hazelnut (corylus avellana L.). lipid Characterisitics and Oxidative Stability. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 51, 3797-3805.
Amini Rastabi, H. & Mirzaey, A. S. (2018). Effect of Farsi Gum Coating on Shelf Life of Walnut. Journal of Food Engineering Research. 17 (65), 101-111. [In Persian]
AOAC. (2005). Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington.
AOAC. (2007). Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington.
Belgheisi, S., Azizi, M., Zohourian, G. & Hadian, Z. (2009). Evaluation of the physical properties of the edible protein film of whey protein-monohydrate and its effect on moisture loss and sensory characteristics of fresh sheep meat. Journal of Nutrition and Food Technology, 3, 83-93. [In Persian]
Bourtoom, T. & chinnan, M. S. (2008). Preparation and properties of rice strarch- chitosan blend biodegradable film. LWT-Food Science & Technology, 41, 1633–1641
Büchele, B., Zugmaier, W. & Simmet, T. (2003). Analysis of pent acyclic triterpenic acids from frankincense gum resins and related pharmaceuticals by high performance liquid chromatography. Identification of lupeolic acid, a novel pent acyclic triterpene. Journal of Chromatography B, 791, 21–30.
Camarda, L., Dayton, T., Di Stefano, V., Pitonzo, R. & Schillaci, D. (2007). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of some oleo gum resin essential oils from Boswellia spp. (Burseraceae). Ann Chemistry, 97, 837 - 44.
Destaillats, F., Cruz-Hernandez, C., Giuffrida, F. & Dionisi, F. (2010). Identification of the botanical origin of pine nuts found in food products by gas-liquid chromatography analysis of fatty acid profile. Journal of agriculture and food chemistry, 58, 2082-2087.
Ghirardello, D., Contessa, C., Valentini, N., Zeppa, G., Rolle, L., Gerbi, V. & Botta, R. (2013). Effect of storage conditions on chemical and physical characteristics of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.). Postharvest Biology and Technology, 37-43
Gurses, M. (2006). Mycroflora and aflatoxin content of hazelnuts, walnuts, peanuts, almonds and chickpeas (leblebi) sold in Turkey. Internatural Journal of Food Properties, 9, 395-399.
Hayouni, E. A., Abedrabba, M., Bouix, M. & Hamdi, M. (2007). The effects of solvents and extraction method on the phenolic contents and biological activities in vitro of Tunisian Quercus Coccifera L. and Juniperus phoenicea L. fruit extracts. Food Chemistry, 105, 1126-1134.
Javanmard, M. & Ramezan, Y. (2009). Use of edible coating containing alcoholic extract of Zatariamultifora to inhibit Aspergillus flavus growth on pistachio nut. Journal ofMedicinal Plant, 30, 61-70. [In Persian]
Kang, H. J., Kim, S. J., You, Y.S., Lacroix, M. & Han, J. (2013). Inhibitory effect of soy protein coating formulations on walnut (Juglans regia L.) kernels against lipid oxidation. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 51, 393-396.
Kasali, A. A., Adio, A. M., Kundayo, O. E., Oyedeji, A. O., Adefenwa, A. O. E.M. & Adeniyi, B. A. (2010). Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Boswellia serrata Roxb. (Fam. Burseraceae) bark J. of Essential oil - Bearing Plants, 5, 173-175.
Leichtfried, D., Krist, S., Puchinger, L., Messner, K. & Buchbauer, G. (2004). Food Research Technology, 219-282.
Mothana, R. A. A., Hasson, S. S. Schultze, W., Mowitz, A. & Lindequist, U. (2011). Phytochemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oils of three endemic Soqotraen Boswellia species. Food Chemistry, 126, 1149-1154.
Maghsoudlou, A., Maghsoudlou, Y., Khomeiri, M. & Ghorbani, M. (2013). Evaluation of anti-fungal activity of chitosan and its effect on the moisture absorption and organoleptic characteristics of pistachio Nuts. Journal of Research and Innovation in Food Science and Technology, 1(2), 87-98. [In Persian]
Mohammadi, A. & Arabshahi- Delouee, S. (2017). Evaluation of active components and antioxidant activity of essential oil of Boswellia serrata. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 13 (14), 108-107. [In Persian]
Mohammadzadeh Milani, J., Nasrolaah Nattaj, L., Kaboosi, H. & Maleki, G. (2017). Effect of charkhak (Launaeaacanthodes) gum coating on shelf life of Peanuts. Journal of Food Sciences and Technology. [In Persian]
Ozdemir, F. & Akinci, I. (2004). Physical and nutritional properties of four major commercial Turkish hazelnut varieties. Journal of Food Engineering, 63, 341-347.
Peter, W., Wade, Y. & Nasson-R, M. (2011). Effects of Sonication and Edible Coating Containing Rosemary and Tea Extracts on Reduction of Peanut Lipid Oxidative Rancidity. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 4, 107-115.
Pokorny, J. & Diffenbacher, A. (1989). Determination of 2-thiobarbituric acid value: Direct method. Results of a collaborative study and standardized method. International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 61(6), 1165-1170.
Prakash, B., Singh, P., Kedia, A. & Dubey, N. K. (2012). Assessment of some essential oils as food preservatives based on antifungal, antiaflatoxin, antioxidant activity and in vivo efficacy in food system. Food Research International, 49, 201-208.
Rahimi, R., Shams-Ardekani, M. R. & Abdollahi, M. (2010). A review of the efficacy of traditional Iranian medicine for inflammatory bowel disease. World Journal Gastroenterology, 16(36), 4504.
Razavi, R., Maghsoudloo, Y., Ghorbani, M. & Alami, M. (2015). Antifungal effects of thyme hydroalcoholic extract and oral carboxy-methylcellulose coating on increasing the shelf life of fresh hazelnut kernels. Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, 12 (3), 49-39. [In Persian]
Razavi, R., Maghsoudlou, Y., Ghorbani, M. & Alami, M. (2016). Evaluation of CMC-based coatings with thyme extract (Thymus vulgaris) on physiochemical reactions of fresh hazelnut. Journal of Food Science and Technology. 51(13), 169-180. [In Persian]
Reveros, C. G., Mestrallet, M. G., Quiroga, P. R., Nepote, V. & Grosso, N. R. (2013). Preserving sensory attributes of roasted peanuts using edible coatings. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 48, 850-859.
Ribeiro, C., Vicente, A. A., Teixeira, J. A. & Miranda, C. (2007). Optimization of edible coating composition to retard strawberry fruit senescence. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 44, 63–70.
Rijkers, T., Ogbazghi, W., Wessel, M. & Bongers, F. (2006). The effect of tapping for frankincense on sexual reproduction in Boswellia papyrifera. Journal Application Ecology, 43(6), 1188-1195.
Sabbaghi, M., Maghsoudloo Khamiri, M. & Ziaeifar, A. (2014). The effect of a mixture of chitosan coating and green tea extract on oxidative and fungal activity of walnut kernel. Journal of Research and Innovation in Food Science and Industry, 3 (4), 374-361. [In Persian]
Schade, U. F., Engel, R. & Jackobs, D. (1991). Differential protective activities of site specific lipoxygenase inhibitorsin endotoxic shock and protection of tumor necrosis factor. International Journal Immunopharmacol, 13, 565-571.
Tavakolipour, H., Javanmard Dakheli, M. & Zirjany, L. (2011). Inhibitory effect of coating pistachio kernel based in whey protein concentrate (WPC) and thyme essential oil on aflatoxin production. Food science and Technology. 2:6.53-63.
Trezza, T. A. & Krochta, J. M. (2000). Color stability of edible coatings during prolonged storage. Journal of Food Science, 65, 1166-1169.
Valverde, J. M., Valero, D., Martinez-Romero, F., Guillean, S. & Serrano, M. (2005). Novel edible coating based on aloe vera gel to maintain table grape quality and safety. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,53(20), 7807-7813.
Ying, Z., Lei, Y., Yuangang, Z., Xiaoqiang, C., Fuji, W. & Fang, L. (2010). Oxidative stability of sunflower oil supplemented with carnosic acid compared with synthetic antioxidants during accelerated storage. Food Chemistry, 118, 656–662.