Cold Plasma Hydrogenation of Soybean Oil using Hydrogen-Nitrogen Gas Composition

Subject Areas : Chem

zoha sirati ¹ , Maryam Gharachorloo ^{2 *} , Hamidreza Ghomi Marzdashti ³ , Reza AZIZINEZHAD ⁴

1 - Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hesarak, Ashrafi Esfahani, Tehran, Iran.
3 - 2Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
4 - استادیار گروه بیوتکنولوژی و به‏نژادی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

Received: 2024-02-16 Accepted : 2024-05-31 Published : 2024-06-19

Keywords: trans fatty acid, cold plasma, physicochemical properties, soybean oil, hydrogenation,

Abstract :

Abstract: Introduction: Due to the high content of unsaturated fatty acids in soybean oil, the possibility of oxidation occurrence in this product is high and its application in the food industry is limited. Therefore, to increase oxidative stability and extend food applications of soybean oil, various modification processes have been investigated. Among modification processes, the hydrogenation process using the cold plasma technology has been considered to produce the partially hydrogenated oil with very low trans fatty acids. Materials and methods: this research evaluated the effect of surface dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma on physicochemical properties of soybean oil at 15 kV voltage and 50% hydrogen- 50% nitrogen gas composition for 13-hour treatment. The samples were taken at the certain intervals to measure fatty acid composition, iodine value, refractive index, carotenoid content, melting point, peroxide value, tocopherol content, and sterol content during the treatment. Findings: After a 13-h treatment, the results showed an decrease in the content of unsaturated fatty acids, carotenoid content, refractive index, iodine value and total sterol content from 58.62% to 40.24%, from 26.38 ppm to 6.32 ppm, from 1.4672 to 1.4400, from 129.64 to 100.45 and from 2636.51 ppm to 2315.86 ppm and an increase in peroxide value from 2.4 to 5.8 meq O2/kg oil and melting point to 7°C, respectively (p<0.05). In addition, the content of trans fatty acids was detected in very small content (0.85%). Conclusion: According to the obtained results, surface dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma treatment can be used as a new technology for the hydrogenation of oils along with bleaching oil.

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