The cytotoxic effect of Spirulina extract on gastric and prostate cancer cell lines
Subject Areas :
Food Science and Technology
F. Khodaverdipour
1
(
M.Sc. Graduate of Microbiology, Faculty of basic sciences, Department of Biology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
)
Ali Sharifzadeh
2
(
Associate Professor,, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
)
Accepted : 0621-03-23
Published : 2022-01-21
Keywords:
gastric cancer,
Spirulina,
prostate cancer,
Cellular toxicity,
Abstract :
The AGS cell line contains gastric cancer cells, which are among the most common cancers in the world. The DU145 cell line also includes prostate cancer cells, the second leading cause of death in men after lung cancer. This study was designed to assess the cytotoxicity of spirulina extract on AGS and DU145 cell lines. In this in vitro trial, cell lines AGS and DU145 were used. Gastric and prostate cancer cell lines were prepared and cultured from the Iranian Center for Biological and Genetic Resources. The cells were divided into treatment and control groups. The effect of spirulina extract on the treated group was determined using the MTT method. According to MTT results, Spirulina extract has anti-cancer activity and more than 50% reduction in cell density against AGS and DU145 cell lines; While it did not show any significant effect on healthy cells (P< 0.05). The results of this study indicate that Spirulina extract has a good potential to control cancer cells.
References:
Akao, Y., Ebihara, T., Masuda, H., Saeki, Y., Akazawa, T., Hazeki, K. et al. (2009). Enhancement of antitumor natural killer cell activation by orally administered Spirulina extract in mice. Cancer Science, 100(8): 1494-1501.
Baghestani, A.R., Hajizadeh, E. and Fatemi, S.R. (2010). Application of Bayes method in determining of the risk factors on the survival rate of gastric cancer patients. Koomesh, 11(2): 129-132. [In Persian]
Bobescu, E., Balan, A., Moga, M.A., Teodorescu, A., Mitrica, M. and Dima, L. (2020). Are there any beneficial effects of Spirulina supplementation for metabolic syndrome components in postmenopausal women? Marine Drugs,18(2):1-20.
Capelli, B. and Cysewski, G.R. (2010). Potential health benefits of Spirulina Nutrafoods, 9(2): 19-26.
Chacón‐Lee, T. and González‐Mariño, G. (2010). Microalgae for “healthy” foods—possibilities and challenges. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 9(6): 655-675.
Fleischauer, A.T., Simonsen, N. and Arab, L. (2003) Antioxidant supplements and risk of breast cancer recurrence and breast cancer-related mortality among postmenopausal women. Nutrition and Cancer, 46(1): 15-22.
Gantar, M. and Svirčev, Z. (2008). Microalgae and cyanobacteria: food for thought 1. Journal of Phycology, 44(2): 260-268.
Ge, Y., Kang, Y., Dong, L., Liu, L. and Yuan, G. (2019). The efficacy of dietary Spirulina as an adjunct to chemotherapy to improve immune function and reduce myelosuppression in patients with malignant tumors. Translational Cancer Research, 8(4): 1065-1073.
Hghshenas, B., Nami, Y., Abdullah, N., Radiah, D., Rosli, R. and Khosroshahi, A.Y. (2015). Anticancer impacts of potentially probiotic acetic acid bacteria isolated from traditional dairy microbiota. Food Science and Technology, 60: 690-697.
Hghshenas, B., Abdullah, N., Nami, Y., Radiah, D., Rosli, R. and Khosroshahi, A.Y. (2014). Different effects of two newly-isolated probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 15HN and Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis 44Lac strains from traditional dairy products on cancer cell lines. Anaerobe, 30: 51-59.
Harlev, , Nevo, E., Lansky, E.P., Lansky, S. and Bishayee, A. (2012). Anticancer attributes of desert plants: a review. Anti-Cancer Drugs, 23(3): 255-271.
Huang, J.Q., Sridhar, S., Chen, Y. and Hunt, R.H. (1998). Meta-analysis of the relationship between Helicobacter pylori seropositivity and gastric cancer. Gastroenterology ,114 (6): 1169-1167.
Ismail, M.F., Ali, D.A., Fernando, A., Abdraboh, M.E.,Gaur, R.L., Ibrahim, W.M. et al. (2009). Chemoprevention of rat liver toxicity and carcinogenesis by Spirulina. International Journal of Biological Science, 5(4): 377-387.
Jemal, A., Bray, F., Center, M.M., Ferlay, J., Ward, E. and Forman, D. (2011). Global cancer statistics. Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 61(2): 69-90.
Kasper, D., Fauci, A., Hauser, S., Longo, D., Jameson, J. and Loscalzo, J. (2015). Harrison’s principles of internal medicine. 19th USA. 579-583.
Koníckova, R., Vankova, K., Vaníkova, J., Vanova, K., Muchova, L., Subhanova, I. et al. (2014). Anti-cancer effects of blue-green alga Spirulina platensis, a natural source of bilirubin-like tetrapyrrolic compounds. Annals of Hepatology, 13(2): 273-283.
Li, X.L., Wong, Y.S., Xu, G. and Chan, J.C. (2015). Selenium-enriched Spirulina protects INS-1E pancreatic beta cells from human islet amyloid polypeptide-induced apoptosis through suppression of ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and PI3/AKT pathway. European Journal of Nutrition, 54(4): 509-522.
Miller, G.J. (2000). Prostate cancer among the Chinese: pathologic, epidemiologic, and nutritional considerations. Advanced therapy of prostate disease. London, BC Decker.18-27.
Nami, Y., Abdullah, N., Hghshenas, B., Radiah, D., Rosli, R. and Khosroshahi, A.Y. (2014). A newly isolated probiotic Enterococcus faecalis strain from vagina microbiota enhances apoptosis of human cancer cells. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 117(2): 498-508.
Nami, Y., Abdullah, N., Hghshenas, B., Radiah, D., Rosli, R. and Khosroshahi, A.Y. (2014). Probiotic potential and biotherapeutic effects of newly isolated vaginal Lactobacillus acidophilus 36YL strain on cancer cells. Anaerobe, 28: 29-36.
Noori, M. and Kashani, B. (2018). Targeted cancer therapy. Tehran University Medical Journal,76(4): 231-240.
Pan, R., Lu, R., Zhang, Y., Zhu, M., Zhu, W., Yang, R. et al. (2015). Spirulina phycocyanin induces differential protein expression and apoptosis in SKOV-3 cells. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 81: 951-959.
Rzymski, P., Niedzielski, P., Kaczmarek, N., Jurczak, T. and Klimaszyk, P. (2015). The multidisciplinary approach to safety and toxicity assessment of microalgae-based food supplements following clinical cases of poisoning. Harmful Algae, 46: 34-42.
Tai, M.H., Chang, C.C., Olson, L.K. and Trosko, J.E. (2005). Oct4 expression in adult human stem cells: evidence in support of the stem cell theory of carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis, 26(2): 495-502.
Wallace, J. (2000). Increasing agricultural water use efficiency to meet future food production. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 82: 105-119.
Zabaleta, J. (2012). Multifactorial etiology of gastric cancer. Methods in Molecular Biology, 863: 411-35.
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Akao, Y., Ebihara, T., Masuda, H., Saeki, Y., Akazawa, T., Hazeki, K. et al. (2009). Enhancement of antitumor natural killer cell activation by orally administered Spirulina extract in mice. Cancer Science, 100(8): 1494-1501.
Baghestani, A.R., Hajizadeh, E. and Fatemi, S.R. (2010). Application of Bayes method in determining of the risk factors on the survival rate of gastric cancer patients. Koomesh, 11(2): 129-132. [In Persian]
Bobescu, E., Balan, A., Moga, M.A., Teodorescu, A., Mitrica, M. and Dima, L. (2020). Are there any beneficial effects of Spirulina supplementation for metabolic syndrome components in postmenopausal women? Marine Drugs,18(2):1-20.
Capelli, B. and Cysewski, G.R. (2010). Potential health benefits of Spirulina Nutrafoods, 9(2): 19-26.
Chacón‐Lee, T. and González‐Mariño, G. (2010). Microalgae for “healthy” foods—possibilities and challenges. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 9(6): 655-675.
Fleischauer, A.T., Simonsen, N. and Arab, L. (2003) Antioxidant supplements and risk of breast cancer recurrence and breast cancer-related mortality among postmenopausal women. Nutrition and Cancer, 46(1): 15-22.
Gantar, M. and Svirčev, Z. (2008). Microalgae and cyanobacteria: food for thought 1. Journal of Phycology, 44(2): 260-268.
Ge, Y., Kang, Y., Dong, L., Liu, L. and Yuan, G. (2019). The efficacy of dietary Spirulina as an adjunct to chemotherapy to improve immune function and reduce myelosuppression in patients with malignant tumors. Translational Cancer Research, 8(4): 1065-1073.
Hghshenas, B., Nami, Y., Abdullah, N., Radiah, D., Rosli, R. and Khosroshahi, A.Y. (2015). Anticancer impacts of potentially probiotic acetic acid bacteria isolated from traditional dairy microbiota. Food Science and Technology, 60: 690-697.
Hghshenas, B., Abdullah, N., Nami, Y., Radiah, D., Rosli, R. and Khosroshahi, A.Y. (2014). Different effects of two newly-isolated probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 15HN and Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis 44Lac strains from traditional dairy products on cancer cell lines. Anaerobe, 30: 51-59.
Harlev, , Nevo, E., Lansky, E.P., Lansky, S. and Bishayee, A. (2012). Anticancer attributes of desert plants: a review. Anti-Cancer Drugs, 23(3): 255-271.
Huang, J.Q., Sridhar, S., Chen, Y. and Hunt, R.H. (1998). Meta-analysis of the relationship between Helicobacter pylori seropositivity and gastric cancer. Gastroenterology ,114 (6): 1169-1167.
Ismail, M.F., Ali, D.A., Fernando, A., Abdraboh, M.E.,Gaur, R.L., Ibrahim, W.M. et al. (2009). Chemoprevention of rat liver toxicity and carcinogenesis by Spirulina. International Journal of Biological Science, 5(4): 377-387.
Jemal, A., Bray, F., Center, M.M., Ferlay, J., Ward, E. and Forman, D. (2011). Global cancer statistics. Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 61(2): 69-90.
Kasper, D., Fauci, A., Hauser, S., Longo, D., Jameson, J. and Loscalzo, J. (2015). Harrison’s principles of internal medicine. 19th USA. 579-583.
Koníckova, R., Vankova, K., Vaníkova, J., Vanova, K., Muchova, L., Subhanova, I. et al. (2014). Anti-cancer effects of blue-green alga Spirulina platensis, a natural source of bilirubin-like tetrapyrrolic compounds. Annals of Hepatology, 13(2): 273-283.
Li, X.L., Wong, Y.S., Xu, G. and Chan, J.C. (2015). Selenium-enriched Spirulina protects INS-1E pancreatic beta cells from human islet amyloid polypeptide-induced apoptosis through suppression of ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and PI3/AKT pathway. European Journal of Nutrition, 54(4): 509-522.
Miller, G.J. (2000). Prostate cancer among the Chinese: pathologic, epidemiologic, and nutritional considerations. Advanced therapy of prostate disease. London, BC Decker.18-27.
Nami, Y., Abdullah, N., Hghshenas, B., Radiah, D., Rosli, R. and Khosroshahi, A.Y. (2014). A newly isolated probiotic Enterococcus faecalis strain from vagina microbiota enhances apoptosis of human cancer cells. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 117(2): 498-508.
Nami, Y., Abdullah, N., Hghshenas, B., Radiah, D., Rosli, R. and Khosroshahi, A.Y. (2014). Probiotic potential and biotherapeutic effects of newly isolated vaginal Lactobacillus acidophilus 36YL strain on cancer cells. Anaerobe, 28: 29-36.
Noori, M. and Kashani, B. (2018). Targeted cancer therapy. Tehran University Medical Journal,76(4): 231-240.
Pan, R., Lu, R., Zhang, Y., Zhu, M., Zhu, W., Yang, R. et al. (2015). Spirulina phycocyanin induces differential protein expression and apoptosis in SKOV-3 cells. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 81: 951-959.
Rzymski, P., Niedzielski, P., Kaczmarek, N., Jurczak, T. and Klimaszyk, P. (2015). The multidisciplinary approach to safety and toxicity assessment of microalgae-based food supplements following clinical cases of poisoning. Harmful Algae, 46: 34-42.
Tai, M.H., Chang, C.C., Olson, L.K. and Trosko, J.E. (2005). Oct4 expression in adult human stem cells: evidence in support of the stem cell theory of carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis, 26(2): 495-502.
Wallace, J. (2000). Increasing agricultural water use efficiency to meet future food production. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 82: 105-119.
Zabaleta, J. (2012). Multifactorial etiology of gastric cancer. Methods in Molecular Biology, 863: 411-35.
