Due to the enhancement of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) in industrial countries, the present animal modeling study in Rat was carried out to compare the effect of Eugenol and Nano-Eugenol on molecular expression and histopathological conditions. The neonatal Wistar rats wer
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Due to the enhancement of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) in industrial countries, the present animal modeling study in Rat was carried out to compare the effect of Eugenol and Nano-Eugenol on molecular expression and histopathological conditions. The neonatal Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n =10 per group). Normal Saline, 100 microliters per day, was used in the sham group (G1). Animals in model groups as G2 received CFA and Bovine collagen type II (CII). Rats of group III (G3) received Eugenol and Chitosan Nanoparticle, and group IV (G4) received Eugenol (100 microliters per day). After treatment, the rats were sacrificed, and Matrix Metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), paw score, and Rheumatoid Factor (RF) were assessed supported by a cartilage histopathology analysis. Arthritic rats showed severe joint hyperplasia, stiffness, increased paw volume, and clinical symptoms. A substantial decrease in the rate of TNF-α, RF, and MMP-9 protein has been detected in G3 and G4. However, the level of the IL-10 gene expression increased in the G2. In G3, there was a substantial improvement in arthritis symptoms, biochemical markers, and joint histological abnormalities as compared to G4. In rats, Eugenol and Nano-Eugenol reduced and improved the inflammatory symptoms and cartilage destruction caused by rheumatoid arthritis, indicating that Eugenol can be used as an effective herbal substance to remedy the traditional treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. These results suggest that Eugenol may have therapeutic potential for autoimmune diseases
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