Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of Nano-Eugenol arthritis rheumatoid in the animal model

Subject Areas : Journal of Comparative Pathobiology

N.  Jabbari, ¹ (Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.)
Z.  Eftekhari, ² (Research & Production Complex, Quality Control Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Alborz- Iran)
N.  Hayati Roodbarii ³ (Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.)
K.  Parivar ⁴ (Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.)

Received: 2022-05-21 Accepted : 2022-05-21 Published : 2021-11-22

Keywords:

Abstract :

Due to the enhancement of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) in industrial countries, the present animal modeling study in Rat was carried out to compare the effect of Eugenol and Nano-Eugenol on molecular expression and histopathological conditions. The neonatal Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n =10 per group). Normal Saline, 100 microliters per day, was used in the sham group (G1). Animals in model groups as G2 received CFA and Bovine collagen type II (CII). Rats of group III (G3) received Eugenol and Chitosan Nanoparticle, and group IV (G4) received Eugenol (100 microliters per day). After treatment, the rats were sacrificed, and Matrix Metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), paw score, and Rheumatoid Factor (RF) were assessed supported by a cartilage histopathology analysis. Arthritic rats showed severe joint hyperplasia, stiffness, increased paw volume, and clinical symptoms. A substantial decrease in the rate of TNF-α, RF, and MMP-9 protein has been detected in G3 and G4. However, the level of the IL-10 gene expression increased in the G2. In G3, there was a substantial improvement in arthritis symptoms, biochemical markers, and joint histological abnormalities as compared to G4. In rats, Eugenol and Nano-Eugenol reduced and improved the inflammatory symptoms and cartilage destruction caused by rheumatoid arthritis, indicating that Eugenol can be used as an effective herbal substance to remedy the traditional treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. These results suggest that Eugenol may have therapeutic potential for autoimmune diseases

References:

1. Yu MB, Firek A, Langridge WH. Predicting methotrexate resistance in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Inflammopharmacology. 2018;26(3):699-708.


2. Hirata A, Ota R, Hata T, Hamada T, Nishihara M, Uchiyama K, et al. Prescribing Trends of Biologic Disease-Modifying Anti-rheumatic Drugs Using a Claims Database from 6 Million People in Japan. Clinical drug investigation. 2021;41(11):967-74.


3. Haro-González JN, Castillo-Herrera GA, Martínez-Velázquez M, Espinosa-Andrews H. Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, chemical composition, food applications, and essential bioactivity for human health. Molecules. 2021;26(21):6387


4. Aranaz I, Alcántara AR, Civera MC, Arias C, Elorza B, Heras Caballero A, et al. Chitosan: An overview of its properties and applications. Polymers. 2021;13(19):3256.

5. Rahman SU, Gong H, Mi R, Huang Y, Han X, Chen Z. Chitosan Protects Immunosuppressed Mice Against Cryptosporidium parvum Infection Through TLR4/STAT1 Signaling Pathways and Gut Microbiota Modulation. Frontiers in immunology. 2021;12:784683-.


6. Das SC, Rahman MA, Das Gupta S. In-silico analysis unravels the structural and functional consequences of non-synonymous SNPs in the human IL-10 gene. Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics. 2022;23(1):10.


7. Xu J, Zhang M-Y, Jiao W, Hu C-Q, Wu D-B, Yu J-H, et al. Identification of Candidate Genes Related to Synovial Macrophages in Rheumatoid Arthritis by Bioinformatics Analysis. International Journal of General Medicine. 2021;14:7687.


8. Luan J, Hu Z, Cheng J, Zhang R, Yang P, Guo H, et al. Applicability and implementation of the collagen‑induced arthritis mouse model, including protocols. Experimental and therapeutic medicine. 2021;22(3):1-10.


9. Richmond J, Morton D, Hawkins P. Guideline 20: Guidelines for the Housing of Rats in Scientific Institutions. Orange, Australia: Animal Research Review Panel. 2007.


10. Kim MY, Ha H-K, Ayu IL, Han K-S, Lee W-J, Lee M-R. Manufacture and physicochemical properties of chitosan oligosaccharide/A2 β-casein nano-delivery system entrapped with resveratrol. Food science of animal resources. 2019;39(5):831.


11. Bento R, Pagán E, Berdejo D, de Carvalho RJ, García-Embid S, Maggi F, et al. Chitosan nanoemulsions of cold-pressed orange essential oil to preserve fruit juices. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 2020;331:108786.


12. Wang X, Shen Y, Zhuang X, Wang N, Zhang Q, Zhu L, et al. Jintiange Capsule Alleviates Rheumatoid Arthritis and Reverses Changes of Serum Metabolic Profile in Collagen-Induced Arthritic Rats. Journal of Inflammation Research. 2021;14:6685.


13. Wahba MG, Messiha BA, Abo-Saif AA. Protective effects of fenofibrate and resveratrol in an aggressive model of rheumatoid arthritis in rats. Pharmaceutical Biology. 2016;54(9):1705-15.


14. Kim D-k, Nishida H, An SY, Shetty AK, Bartosh TJ, Prockop DJ. Chromatographically isolated CD63+ CD81+ extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stromal cells rescue cognitive impairments after TBI. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2016;113(1):170-5.


15. Meurot C, Martin C, Sudre L, Breton J, Bougault C, Rattenbach R, et al. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, exerts analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-degradative actions in osteoarthritis. Scientific reports. 2022;12(1):1-15.


16. He X, Huang L, Qiu S, Yin X, Shen Y, Wu Y, et al. β-Endorphin attenuates collagen-induced arthritis partially by inhibiting peripheral pro-inflammatory mediators. Experimental and therapeutic medicine. 2018;15(4):4014-8.


17. Song Z, Wang J, Su Q, Luan M, Chen X, Xu X. The role of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the metastasis and development of hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngology. 2021;87:521-8.


18. Hsiao H-B, Wu J-B, Lin W-C. Anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory effects of (−)-epicatechin-3-O-β-d-allopyranoside, a constituent of Davallia formosana. Phytomedicine. 2019;52:12-22


19. Sabry M, Mostafa S, Kamar S, Rashed L, Estaphan S. The cross-talk between matrix metalloproteinase-9, RANKL/OPG system and cardiovascular risk factors in ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Plos one. 2021;16(10):e0258254.


20. Infante M, Padilla N, Alejandro R, Caprio M, Della-Morte D, Fabbri A, et al. Diabetes-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs: The Roles of DMARDs as Glucose-Lowering Agents. Medicina. 2022;58(5):571.


21. Strehl C, Bijlsma JW, De Wit M, Boers M, Caeyers N, Cutolo M, et al. Defining conditions where long-term glucocorticoid treatment has an acceptably low level of harm to facilitate implementation of existing recommendations: viewpoints from an EULAR task force. Annals of the rheumatic diseases. 2016;75(6):952-7..


22. Wang M, Dai T, Li S, Wang W. Eugenol suppresses the proliferation and invasion of TNF-α-induced fibroblast-like synoviocytes via regulating NF-κB and COX-2. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2022.


23. Huang X, Liu Y, Lu Y, Ma C. Anti-inflammatory effects of eugenol on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory reaction in acute lung injury via regulating inflammation and redox status. International immunopharmacology. 2015;26(1):265-71.


24. Magalhães CB, Casquilho NV, Machado MN, Riva DR, Travassos LH, Leal-Cardoso JH, et al. The anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative actions of eugenol improve lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury. Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology. 2019;259:30-6.


25. Abd El Motteleb DM, Selim SA, Mohamed AM. Differential effects of eugenol against hepatic inflammation and overall damage induced by ischemia/re-perfusion injury. Journal of immunotoxicology. 2014;11(3):238-45.


26. Yeh J, Hsu J, Hong Y, Wu J, Liang J, Wu B, et al. Eugenolol and glyceryl-isoeugenol suppress LPS-induced iNOS expression by down-regulating NF-κB AND AP-1 through inhibition of MAPKS and AKT/IκBα signaling pathways in macrophages. International journal of immunopathology and pharmacology. 2011;24(2):345-56.


27. de Paula Porto M, Da Silva GN, Luperini BCO, Bachiega TF, de Castro Marcondes JP, Sforcin JM, et al. Citral and eugenol modulate DNA damage and pro-inflammatory mediator genes in murine peritoneal macrophages. Molecular biology reports. 2014;41(11):7043-51.


28. Stojanovic S, Stamenkovic B, Stoimenov TJ, Nedovic J, Zivkovic V, Despotovic M, et al. Association of tumor necrosis factor–α (G-308A) genetic variant with matrix metalloproteinase–9 activity and joint destruction in early rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical Rheumatology. 2017;36(7):1479-85.


29. Oliviero F, Scanu A, Ramonda R, Frallonardo P, Sfriso P, Dayer JM, et al. IL‐1ß and IL‐8 are scavenged by the hexadecylamide derivative of hyaluronic acid: A new mechanism. Journal of biomedical materials research Part A. 2015;103(9):2823-9.


30. Magyari L, Varszegi D, Kovesdi E, Sarlos P, Farago B, Javorhazy A, et al. Interleukins and interleukin receptors in rheumatoid arthritis: Research, diagnostics and clinical implications. World journal of orthopedics. 2014;5(4):516.