Agricultural Extension and Education Research: 4 (3)

Open Access Article

1 - Investigating the Effective Components of Participation in the Decision Making of the Staff of Tehran Green Space Research, Training and Consulting Centers in Development of Sustainable Urban Green Space
Maryam Bagheri Seyed Mehdi Mirdamadi Seyed Jamal Farajollah Hosseini Farhad Lashgarara

The present study conducted to investigate the effective components of participation in decision making of the staff of research, education and consulting centers of green space in Tehran in the development of sustainable urban green space. The statistical population of More

The present study conducted to investigate the effective components of participation in decision making of the staff of research, education and consulting centers of green space in Tehran in the development of sustainable urban green space. The statistical population of the study was 266 employees of ninety-two green space research, training and consulting centers in the 22 districts of Tehran Municipality. Based on the Cochran's formula, the sample size was estimated at 157 people. The data collection tool was a questionnaire whose validity reviewed and confirmed using the opinion of the members of the Faculty of Agricultural Extension and Education of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research Branch, and its reliability confirmed using combined reliability (0.81). The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that among the structural indicators of employee participation, the decision of the center for employee participation in decision- making and acceptance of the center's decisions is subject to employee participation in the decision-making process with factor loads of 0.69 and among structural indicators of employee recruitment methods. , The positive effect of empowering employees to participate in decision making with a factor load of 0.70, effective components of participation in decision making of staff of Tehran Green Space Research, Training and Consulting Centers in the development of sustainable urban green space. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Investigating Fundamental Educational Factors Affecting the Development of Rural Tourism Entrepreneurship in Ardal County by Using fs/QCA
Hamid Nazari علیرضا جمشیدی Seyed Skandar Seidaiy

Since the main purpose of development is to make an environment where all people can develop their capabilities. And this is only possible with sustainable educational and economic development. It is essential to recognize the influential educational factors in entrepre More

Since the main purpose of development is to make an environment where all people can develop their capabilities. And this is only possible with sustainable educational and economic development. It is essential to recognize the influential educational factors in entrepreneurship as one of the flourishing areas of the ability of community members to achieve this goal. The purpose of this study was to investigate the fundamental educational factors in rural tourism entrepreneurship development, which was of, applied type, nature and method was descriptive- survey. The population of the study is Ardel County residents over 20 years. By using Sample power SPSS software, 254 cases were selected according to the purpose of the study and cases study were selected by stratified random sampling. Research tool was a researcher made questionnaire containing 2 components and 45 items and its content and face validity were approved by experts and its reliability was determined 0/84 and 0/87 by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The fs / QCA fuzzy set comparative analysis used for the analysis. The results showed that access to entrepreneurship training centers along with risk-taking training, existence of a working group in training, existence of training on how to start a business and investment, and access to entrepreneurship training centers and resources in this field can lead to tourism entrepreneurship development. So that, Risk education variable is more effective than other variables and plays an important role in all the combinations and paths that affect tourism entrepreneurship development. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Explaining of Scenario, Strategies and Solutions for Development of Rural Tourism (The case study: Rijab tourism area)
zahra korani

The purpose of this study was to explain the scenario, strategies and solutions for development of rural tourism through mixed method. The data collected from tourism experts selected by snowball method.  For analyzing the data SWOT technique was used. Initially, i More

The purpose of this study was to explain the scenario, strategies and solutions for development of rural tourism through mixed method. The data collected from tourism experts selected by snowball method.  For analyzing the data SWOT technique was used. Initially, interviews conducted with 37 experts of tourism in order to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Rijab region for rural tourism development. In the second step, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats were presented to the experts in a questionnaire to determine the importance and status of each item. According to the respondents, the most important strengths of the region for the development of tourism are the presence of a beautiful and unique landscape with green space. The main disadvantage of the Rijab area is the inadequacy and inadequacy of accommodation and welfare facilities. The most important opportunity in Rijab was the presence of fish breeding pools and the significant threat of Rijab far and distance of the country's tourist centers .After analyzing the questionnaires, the weaknesses in the internal factors matrix and the external threats matrix were predominant, and the defensive model for rural tourism development in the Rijab area was higher. According to the defensive model, strategies were identified based on which executive strategies for rural tourism development in the Rajab area was a higher priority. The results of this research can be effective in providing tourism development strategies. Therefore, it is necessary for planners to develop rural tourism, especially in the Rijab region based on the priority of the mentioned executive strategies mentioned in the present research; they sh ould take action to eliminate them in order to develop tourism. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Investigating the Effective Factors on the Acceptance of using Biological Control by Citrus Growers against Mediterranean Fly Pest in Sari City
Asad Shahani

The purpose of this study was to examine the factors affecting the acceptance of biological control of of Mediterranean fly pest by citrus farmers in Sari city. This research is a survey type used a researcher-made questionnaire to collect the data. based on the Davis T More

The purpose of this study was to examine the factors affecting the acceptance of biological control of of Mediterranean fly pest by citrus farmers in Sari city. This research is a survey type used a researcher-made questionnaire to collect the data. based on the Davis Technology Acceptance Model (1989). The statistical population of this study consisted of all citrus farmers in Sari city amounting to 30614 people. Using Cochran's formula and stratified sampling with proportional allocation, 220 people were selected as samples. Data analysis was performed using Amos22 and SPSS23 software and structural equation modeling. The findings indicate that external factors had a positive and significant effect on «the perceived usefulness of biological methods against Mediterranean flies». Also, the finding of research showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between «Perceived usefulness» and «ease of use of biological methods against Mediterranean flies» with «attitudes towards the use», «ease of use» with «the perceived usefulness of biological method», «Perceived perception and attitude» with «decision to use the biological method» and «use of biological methods against the Mediterranean fly». Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Explaining the Economic, Social and Political Structure of Rural Poverty with a Fundamental Theory Approach (Case Study: Shamshir Village from Functions of Paveh City)
pooria saadollahi Koroush roosta َAhmad yaghoubi farani reza baradaran

The purpose of this study was to explain the economic, social and political structure of poverty in the village of Shamshir with a fundamental theory approach. The main question of the research was what factors explain the economic, social and political structure of pov More

The purpose of this study was to explain the economic, social and political structure of poverty in the village of Shamshir with a fundamental theory approach. The main question of the research was what factors explain the economic, social and political structure of poverty in Shamshir village? Research in terms of applied purpose, qualitative research method, methods used to collect data; Observation, unstructured interview, note-taking and focus group and data analysis method is the foundation of data theory. The research sampling was done using purposive sampling approach and theoretical sampling method and rural poor were interviewed under the auspices of the Imam Relief Committee and the Welfare Department of Paveh city. Interview data were analyzed in three stages of open, axial and selective coding to classify concepts and categories. Open codes containing 70 concepts and central codes including 24 categories were identified in the form of six dimensions of paradigm model including causal conditions, contextual conditions, main phenomenon, implicit conditions, strategies and consequences. Finally, government support, private and cooperative companies, and the economic policies of the government and other institutions are strategies to reduce poverty in Shamshir village. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Collective Management of Wells and its Challenges in Soltanieh
پریسا نجفلو jafar yaghoubi jaefar nikbahkht

The purpose of this study was to analayze the collective management of wells and its challenges in Soltanieh County. Grounded theory methodology was used in this study.The study population consisted of activists of 533 public wells in Soltanieh county. Data in this stud More

The purpose of this study was to analayze the collective management of wells and its challenges in Soltanieh County. Grounded theory methodology was used in this study.The study population consisted of activists of 533 public wells in Soltanieh county. Data in this study was collected by using semi-structured interviews with a sample of activists in the collective management of wells in Soltanieh County. Content analysis of interviews showed 57 open coding and 20 subcategoris in connection with challenges of participatory management of wells. Finally, two thematic categories were identified including procedural challenges and outcomes. The procedural challenges are the five axes of social barriers, knowledge and attitude weakness, financial barriers, reduced water reserves and weaknesses in government implementation. These challenges also have negative consequences for agriculture and the rural community. These are unwilling to equipping the farm with pressurized irrigation, willingness to dig an illegal well and doing office work with bribes. Manuscript profile

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