Investigating the Effect of Self-Conscious Emotions (Pride, Shame and Guilt) on the Creativity of University Students

Subject Areas : Creativity and innovation from psychological, epistemological, educational and pedagogical

Ali Grayely ¹ , Alireza Khorakian ² , Yaghob Maharati ³

1 - کارشناس ارشد، گروه مدیریت، دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصادی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
2 - استادیار، گروه مدیریت، دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصادی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران
3 - استادیار، گروه مدیریت، دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصادی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد؛ ایران

Received: 2016-08-01 Accepted : 2017-02-27 Published : 2017-04-21

Keywords: Creativity, Innovation, pride, shame, guilt,

Abstract :

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of self-conscious emotions (pride, shame, guilt) on the level of creativity of the students in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Method: This study is an applied research by purpose and it is a survey research by method. The statistical population for this research includes Ferdowsi University of Mashhad’s post-graduate students. A questionnaire consisting of 40 questions with answers ranging 1 to 5 on the Lickert scale was used as a means for data gathering. The 272 questionnaires were collected by using random sampling. To assure of content validity a pilot test was performed. Construct validity was examined using confirmatory factor analysis. In order to test reliability, Cronbach’s alpha and the composite reliability coefficient were measured. For the analysis of data, structural equations modeling and partial least squares were used. Results: The result from hypothesizes assessment show that the authentic pride (0.346), hubristic pride (-0.195), shame (-0.177), guilt (0.204) have an effect on students’ creativity. Since the significant number for these entire variable are out of the range of 96/1±, it can be said that all four hypothesizes are approved. Conclusions: The findings show that authentic pride and guilt have a significant positive effect on creativity while hubristic pride and shame have a significant negative effect on creativity.

References:

جهانیان، رمضان؛ حدادی، طاهره (1394). بررسی رابطه بین سرمایه فکری با نوآوری و خلاقیت منابع انسانی در سازمان. فصلنامه علمی، پژوهشی ابتکار و خلاقیت در علوم انسانی، 5 (1) : 65-92.

رحمان زاده، سید علی (1395). عوامل سازمانی مؤثر بر ارتقای خلاقیت و نوآوری در سازمان صدا و سیما. فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی ابتکار و خلاقیت در علوم انسانی، 6 (3): 1-34.

کردنائیج، اسدالله؛ زالی، محمدرضا؛ هومن، حیدرعلی؛ شمس، شهاب الدین (1388). ابزارسنجشویژگیهایشخصیتیکارآفرینانایرانی، تهران.

مهرابی زاده هنرمند، مهناز؛ طالب زاده، علیرضا (1380). بررسی رابطۀ ابهام و تعارض نقش با خشنودی و دلبستگی شغلی. مجلۀ روان شناسی، 5 (17): 44-55.  

Bennis, W., & Biederman, P. W. (1997). Organizing genius: The secrets of creative collaboration. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

Cheng, J. T., Tracy, J. L., & Henrich, J. (2010). Pride, personality, and the evolutionary foundations of human social status. Evolution and Human Behavior, 31, 334–347.

Cohen, T. R., Wolf, S. T., Panter, A. T., &Insko, C. A. (2011). Introducing the GASP scale: A new measure of guilt and shame proneness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100(5), 947-966.

Damian, R., & Robins, R. (2013). Aristotle's virtue or dante's deadliest sin? The influence of authentic and hubristic pride on creative achievement. Learning and Individual Differences, 26, 156-160.

Damian, R., Robins, R., & Hess, Y. (2010, January). Who's the most creative of them all? How trait authentic vs. hubristic pride relate to creative vs. analytical task performance. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Las Vegas, NV.

DeVanna, M. A., &Tichy, N. (1990). Creating the competitive organization of the 21st century: The boundaryless corporation. Human Resource Management, 29, 445–471.

Ekman, P. (2003). Emotions revealed. New York: Times Books.

Erikson, E. H. (1950). Childhood and society. New York: Norton.

Freud, S. (1953b). Three essays on the theory of sexuality. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 7, pp. 153-243). London: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1905)

Gehm, T.L., & Scherer, K.R. (1988). Relating situation evaluation to emotion differentiation: Nonmetric analysis of cross-cultural questionnaire data. In K. R. Scherer (Ed.), Facets of emotion: Recent research (pp. 61-77). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Ghorbani, M., Liao, Y., Çayköylü, S., & Chand, M. (2013). Guilt, shame, and reparative behavior: The effect of psychological proximity. Journal of Business Ethics, 114(2), 311-323.‏

Global Innovation Index. (2013). 2013 country rankings. Retrieved from http://www.globalinnovationindex.org/content.aspx?page=data-analysis

González-Gómez, H. V., & Richter, A. W. (2015). Turning shame into creativity: the importance of exposure to creative team environments. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 126, 142-161.‏

Gouthier, M. H., & Rhein, M. (2011). Organizational pride and its positive effects on employee behavior. Journal of Service Management, 22(5), 633-649.‏

Ho, S. Y., Tong, E. M., & Jia, L. (2016). Authentic and hubristic pride: Differential effects on delay of gratification. Emotion, 16(8), 1147.‏ ‏

Levinson, C. A., Byrne, M., & Rodebaugh, T. L. (2016). Shame and guilt as shared vulnerability factors: Shame, but not guilt, prospectively predicts both social anxiety and bulimic symptoms. Eating behaviors, 22, 188-193.

Lewis, M. (2000). Self-conscious emotions: Embarrassment, pride, shame, and guilt. In M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland-Jones (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (2nd ed., pp. 623–636). New York: Guilford Press.

Lewis, M., Takai-Kawakami, K., Kawakami, K., & Sullivan, M. (2010). Cultural Differences in Emotional Responses to Success and Failure. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 34(1), 53-61.

Liljander, K., Polsa, P., & Van Riel, A. (2009). Modeling consumer responses to an apparel store band: Store image as a risk reducer, journal of retailing and Consumer Services, 16, 281- 290

Mueller, C. M., & Dweck, C. S. (1996). Praise for intelligence can undermine children’s motivation and performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 33–52.

Mumford, M. D., Scott, G. M., Gaddis, B., & Strange, J. M. (2002). Leading creative people: Orchestrating expertise and relationships. The Leadership Quarterly, 13, 705–750.

Sawyer, R. (2012). Explaining creativity: The science of human innovation (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.

Shalley, C. E. (1991). Effects of productivity goals, creativity goals, and personal discretion on individual creativity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 179–185.

Simonton, D. K. (1994). Greatness: Who makes history and why. New York: Guilford.

Soroa, G., Balluerka, N., Hommel, B., & Aritzeta, A. (2015). Assessing interactions between cognition, emotion, and motivation in creativity: The construction and validation of EDICOS. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 17, 45-58.‏

Tangney, J. P., & Dearing, R. L. (2002). Shame and guilt. New York: Guilford Press.

Tracy, J. L., & Robins, R. W. (2004). Putting the self into self-conscious emotions: A theoretical model. Psychological Inquiry, 15, 103–125.

Tracy, J. L., & Robins, R. W. (2007). The psychological structure of pride: A tale of two facets. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 506–525.

Wu, W. W. (2010). Linking Bayesian networks and PLS path modeling for causal analysis. Expert Systems with Applications, 37(1), 134-139.