Determining the priority of flood risk zoning using geographic information system in Babolrud watershed (Mazandaran province)

Subject Areas : Applications in natural hazard and disaster

Karim Solaimani ^{1 *} , Behrooz Mohseni ²

1 - RS & GIS
2 - Assistant Professor, Research Department of Natural Resources, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Gorgan, Iran

Received: 2022-06-22 Accepted : 2022-11-15 Published : 2024-09-29

Keywords: Land use change, Downstream, Zoning, Flooding, Flood flow coefficient.,

Abstract :

Due to the increase of flood incidents in recent years, the correct assessment of flood risk is one of the important components of flood reduction in urban areas. The purpose of this research is to create updated flood risk maps in the Babolrud watershed using synoptic station data and physiographic information (elevation, area, slope). Then, by using Geographical Information System (GIS), Landsat 8 satellite image and superimposition of layers (area, slope, land use, drainage density), flood potential was zoned. In order to prepare a flood risk map in the Babolrood watershed, the main factors affecting the occurrence of floods in the region were selected using relevant published sources and the opinions

of professors and experts, and a map of each factor was prepared by GIS software. The results of flood risk zoning showed that B2 sub- watershed has a higher flood potential than other watersheds. Sub- watershed B11121, B211INT, B11121INT and B211 were then identified in the next priorities in terms of flooding, respectively. Finally, based on the flood intensity index method, sub- watershed B11121, B211INT and B1INT with the highest flood flow coefficient were identified as the most flood sub- watershed. The results obtained from flood zoning in the region showed that the highest percentage of the watetshed area with 43.33% is allocated to zones with moderate flooding. In between, the lowest percentages are assigned to very low (0.64%) and high (7.33%) areas zones, respectively. According to the provided land use map, most of the flooded zones are related to residential areas or rainfed agricultural lands. Watercourses with ranked 3 and 4 are known as flood zones and flood control areas to the downstream areas. Watercourses with a rating of 5 and above are located in flood plains or river reaches and usually have shallow and widespread floods. Also, in some areas of the watershed, which have a relatively high altitude, the amount of runoff increases and causes flooding in the area. Therefore, monitoring the withdrawal of river loan resources in order not to destroy the river bed and constructions (Land use change) are among the priority proposals in this watershed.

References:

1. Abedini M, Fathi M H. 2017. Flood Risk Mapping and Evaluation by using the Analytic Network Process Case Study: (Khiav Chai Catchment). Journal of Hydrogeomorphology, 2 (3): 99-120. (In Persian).
2. Azadtalab M, Shahabi H, Shirzadi A, Chapi K. 2020. Flood hazard mapping in Sanandaj using combined models of statistical index and evidential belief function. Journal of Motaleate Shahri, 9 (36): 27-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.801. (In Persian).
3. Azizi E, Mostafazadeh R, Hazbavi Z. Esmali Ouri A, Mirzaie Sh, Huang G, Qian, X. 2022. Spatial distribution of flood vulnerability index in Ardabil province, Iran. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-022-02264-5.
4. Das S. 2018. Geographic information system and AHP-based flood hazard zonation of Vaitarna basin, Maharashtra, India. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 11: 576. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-018-3933-4.
5. Esfandiary Darabad F, Layeghi S, Mostafazadeh R, Haji Kh. 2021. The zoning of flood risk potential in the Ghotorchay watershed with ANP and WLC multi-criteria decision making methods. Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazards, 8 (2): 135-150. https://doi.org/ 10.52547/jsaeh.8.2.135. (In Persian).
6. Farooq M, Shafique M, Khattak M S. 2019. Flood Hazard Assessment and Mapping of River Swat Using HEC-RAS 2D Model and High-Resolution 12-M Tandem-X DEM (Worlddem). Natural Hazards, 97: 477–492. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-019-03638-9.
7. Fathalizadeh B, Abedini M, Rajabi M. 2020. Investigating the Causes and Hazards of flood in Zunuzchay Watershed Using HEC-HMS Hydrological Model and Fuzzy Logic. Quantitative Geomorphological Research, 9 (1): 134-155. https://doi.org/10.22034/GMPJ.2020.109539. (In Persian).
8. Ghaffari G, Solaimani K, Mosaedi A. 2007. Flood Hazard Zoning and Damage Assessment Using HEC-GeoRAS (Case Study: Babolrood River). Journal of the Iranian Natural Resources, 60 (2): 439-451. (In Persian).
9. Hossain B, Sohel M S, Ryakitimbo C M. 2020. Climate Change Induced Extreme Flood Disaster in Bangladesh: Implications on People’s Livelihoods in the Char Village and Their Coping Mechanisms. Progress in Disaster Science, 6, 100079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100079.
10. Kenyon W, Hill G, Shannon P. 2008. Scoping the Role of Agriculture in Sustainable Flood Management. Land Use Policy, 25 (3): 351–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2007.09.003.
11. Kheirizadeh M, Maleki J, Amonia, H. 2013. Zoning of flood risk potential in Mordeghachai catchment using ANP model. Quantitative Geomorphological Research, 1 (3): 39-56. (In Persian).
12. Kourgialas NN, Karatzas GP. 2011. Flood management and a GIS modelling method to assess flood-hazard areas: a case study”. Hydrolgy Science Journal, 56 (2): 212–225. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2011.555836.
13. Malek Mohammadi B, Tajrishi M. 1999. How to determine the rate of flood insurance in urban areas of Iran , Quarterly Journal of Insurance Industry (Proceedings of the Seminar on Insurance and Natural Disasters). Insurance Research Journal (Former Insurance Industry), 55: 1-18. (In Persian).
14. Mirzaei Sh, Esmali A, Mostafazadeh R, Ghorbani A, Mirzaei S. 2017. Flow modelling and determination of sub-watersheds contribution in flood hydrograph in Amoughin watershed, Ardabil province. Journal of Natural Environmental Hazards, 7 (18): 89-108. (In Persian).
15. Mishra K, Sinha R. 2020. Flood risk assessment in the Kosi megafan using multi-criteria decision analysis: A hydro-geomorphic approach. Geomorphology, 350:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.106861.
16. Mostafazadeh R, Mehri S. 2018. Trends in Variability of Flood Coefficient in River Gauge Stations of Ardabil Province, Iran. Journal of Watershed Management Research, 9 (17): 82-95. (In Persian).
17. Mostafazadeh R, Mirzaei Sh, Nadiri P. 2016. Curve Number Determination using Rainfall and Runoff Data and its Variations with Rainfall Components in a Forested Watershed. J. Water and Soil Sci (Sci. & Technol. Agric. & Natur. Resour.), 21 (4): 15-28. (In Persian).
18. National Irrigation and Drainage Committee of Iran and National Committee for Natural Disaster Reduction. 2000. Guide to non-structural methods of flood management. No. 40.
19. Ogato G S, Bantider A, Abebe K, Geneletti D. 2020. Geographic information system (GIS)-Based multicriteria analysis of flooding hazard and risk in Ambo Town and its watershed, West shoa zone, oromia regional State, Ethiopia. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 27: 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2019.100659.
20. Parvaresh E, Mahdavi R, Malekian A, Esmaeilipoor Y, Holisaz A. 2018. Prioritizing of effective factors in flooding potential using Electre IIIMethod and Flood Flow Coefficient (Case study: Sarkhoon Subwatersheds of Bandarabbas). Arid Biome Scientific and Research Journal, 8 (1): 75-87. https://dx.doi.org/10.29252/aridbiom.8.1.75. (In Persian).
21. Rahman A, Mahmood S, Dawood M, Rahman G, Chen F. 2019. Impact of Climate Change on Flood Factors and Extent of Damages in the Hindu Kush Region. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Natural Hazard Science; Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK, 36 pp. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389407.013.316.
22. Rahmani Sh, Azizian A, Samadi A. 2019. Determining flood hazard level of mazandaran sub-basins using a gis-based distributed method. Journal of Hydraulics, 14 (1): 123-139. https://doi.org/10.30482/jhyd.2019.155838.1342. (In Persian).
23. Saeed M, Li H, Ullah S, Rahman A, Ali A, Khan R, Hassan W, Munir I, Alam S. 2021. Flood Hazard Zonation Using an Artificial Neural Network Model: A Case Study of Kabul River Basin, Pakistan. Sustainability, 13 (24): 13953. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413953.
24. Solaimani K, Darvishi Sh. 2020. Zoning and Monitoring of Spring 2019 Flood Hazard in Khuzestan Using Landsat-8 Data. Eco-Hydrology journal, 7 (3): 563-842. https://doi.org/10.22059/ije.2020.302703.1333. (In Persian).
25. Solaimani K. 2020. Final report of the flood risk zoning project in Mazandaran province. (Case study: Babolrood watershed). General Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of Mazandaran-Sari Province, 410 pp. (In Persian).
26. Tahmasebi M R, Shabanlou S, Rajabi A, Yosefvand F. 2021. Flood probability zonation using a comparative study of two well-known random forest and support vector machine models in northern Iran. Journal of Water and Irrigation Management, 11 (2): 223-235. https://doi.org/10.22059/jwim.2021.317527.856. (In Persian).
27. Telvari, A. 1997. Flood Control Management and Flood Mitigation. Expert Workshop on Rivers Flood Control. Hamadan, 15 and 16 May, pp: 59-50. (In Persian).
28. Ullah K, Zhang J. 2020. GIS-Based Flood Hazard Mapping Using Relative Frequency Ratio Method: A Case Study of Panjkora River Basin, Eastern Hindu Kush, Pakistan. PLoS ONE, 15 (3): e0229153. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229153.
29. Valizadeh Kamran Kh, Delire Hasannia R, Azari Amgani Kh. 2019. Flood zoning and its impact on land use in the surrounding area using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) images. Journal of RS and GIS for Natural Resources, 10 (3): 59-75. https://girs.bushehr.iau.ir/article_668470_1132929.html?lang=en. (In Persian).
30. Wu Y, Zhong P, Zhang Y, Xu B, Ma B, Yan, K. 2015. Integrated flood risk assessment and zonation method: a case study in Huaihe River basin, China. Natural Hazards, 78 (1): 635-651. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-015-1737-3.
31. Yahaya S. 2008. Multicriteria Analysis for Flood Vulnerable Areas in Hadejia-jama are River Basin, Nigeria. Annual Conference Portland, Oregon. ASPRS 2008 Annual Conference Portland, Oregon. April 28-May 2.
32. Zali M, Solaimani K, Habibnejad Roshan M, Miryaghoubzadeh M H. 2022. Comparison and prioritization of flooding in Nekarood sub-basins using morphometric method in GIS. Journal of RS and GIS for Natural Resources, 13 (2): 6- 10. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.26767082.1401.13.2.2.2.