Evaluation of phytochemical, antioxidant and enzymatic inhibitory content of extracts obtained with different solvents from Salvia hypoleuca Benth.
Subject Areas : Phytochemistry
Behvar Asghari
1
,
Sudabeh Mafakheri
2
,
Majid Ghorbani Nohooji
3
1 - Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
3 - Assistant Professor, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
Keywords: Antioxidant, Extract, Enzyme inhibition, Metabolite content, Salvia hypoleuca Benth,
Abstract :
Various species of Salvia has been used in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries.In this study, aerial parts of Salvia hypoleuca L. which is an endemic plant to Iran were collected during the flowering stage in the summer of 2020 from Alamut city of Qazvin province. In the present study, the total content of phenolic, flavonoid, saponin and tannins, four hexane, ethyl acetate, methanolic and aqueous extracts prepared by maceration method were investigated. The antioxidant properties of these extracts were measured by DPPH, ABTS, phosphomolybdenum and iron chelating methods. In addition, α-amylase, α-glucosidase and tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory effects of the plant were measured by spectrophotometry. Based on the results, ethyl acetate extract of the plant had the highest phenolic and saponin content with values of 87.07 mg gallic acid g-1 and 163.84 mg quillaja saponin g-1, respectively. The aqueous extract of the plant exhibited the highest amounts of flavonoids and condensed tannins content with 33.97 and 5.34 mg quercetin and catechin g-1 in the extract, respectively. Ethyl acetate extract indicated the highest ABTS radical scavenging, total antioxidant, ferrous ion chelating activities, as well as inhibitory effects of α-amylase, α-glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibition properties. The high potential of ethyl acetate extract in biological properties, like antioxidant and antiradical activities could be attributed to its high metabolite contents especially, phenolic and saponin compounds. Thus, it could be concluded that this plant is a rich source of functional secondary metabolites and ethyl acetate is the best extractant solvent. The results of this study confirmed the potential of Salvia hypoleuca for medicinal uses, especially for diabetes and skin diseases.
References:
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Habib, K.D., Giti, B. and Ali, M., 2016. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oil from Salvia hypoleuca at different growth stages. Nusantara Bioscience, 8(2): 145-149.
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Mafakheri, S. and Asghari, B., 2018. Effect of seaweed extract, humic acid and chemical fertilizers on morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of Trigonella foenum-graecum Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 20(7): 1505-1516.
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Ali, L., Khan, S., Nazir, M., Raiz, N., Naz, S., Zengin, G., Mukhtar, M., Parveen, S., Shazmeen, N., Saleem, M. and Tareen, R.B., 2021. Chemical profiling, in vitro biological activities and Pearson correlation between phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of Caragana brachyantha f. South African Journal of Botany, 140: 189-193.
Asghari, B., Habibzadeh, F., Ghorbani Nohooji, M., 2019. Persian Thyme (Thymus persicus): a plant containing active metabolites with antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-Alzheimer effects. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 18(70): 97-109.
Asghari, B., Mafakheri, S., Zengin, G., Dinparast, L. and Bahadori, M.B., 2020. In-depth study of phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, enzyme inhibitory and antiproliferative properties of Achillea filipendulina: a good candidate for designing biologically-active food products. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 14: 2196-2208.
Asghari, B., Salehi, P., Farimani, M.M. and Ebrahimi, S.N., 2015. α-glucosidase inhibitors from fruits of Rosa canina Records of natural products, 9(3): 276-283.
Bahadori, M.B., Valizadeh, H., Asghari, B., Dinparast, L., Bahadori, S. and Moridi Farimani, M., 2016. Biological activities of Salvia santolinifolia a multifunctional medicinal plant. Current Bioactive Compounds, 12(4): 297-305.
Baghaenezhad, M., Mollania, N. and Kazemi-Noreini, S., 2021. Antioxidant capacities, antimicrobial activity, phenolic contents and α-amylase inhibitory of Salvia leriifolia extracts from Sabzevar. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science, 1-9.
Bekir, J., Mars, M., Souchard, J.P. and Bouajila, J., 2013. Assessment of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinesterase and cytotoxic activities of pomegranate (Punica granatum) leaves. Food and chemical toxicology, 55: 470-475.
Bigdeli, M., Rustaiyan, A., Nadimi, M. and Masoudi, S., 2005. Composition of the essential oil from roots of Salvia hypoleuca from Iran. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 17(1): 82-83.
Brown, A., Anderson, D., Racicot, K., Pilkenton, S.J. and Apostolidis, E., 2017. Evaluation of phenolic phytochemical enriched commercial plant extracts on the in vitro inhibition of α-glucosidase. Frontiers in nutrition, 4, Article. 56.
Chaita, E., Lambrinidis, G., Cheimonidi, C., Agalou, A., Beis, D., Trougakos, I., Mikros, E., Skaltsounis, A.L. and Aligiannis, N., 2017. Anti-melanogenic properties of Greek plants. A novel depigmenting agent from Morus alba Molecules, 22(4): 514.
Chen, X.X., Shi, Y., Chai, W.M., Feng, H.L., Zhuang, J.X. and Chen, Q.X., 2014. Condensed tannins from Ficus virens as tyrosinase inhibitors: structure, inhibitory activity and molecular mechanism. PLoS One, 9(3): e91809.
Craft, B.D., Kerrihard, A.L., Amarowicz, R. and Pegg, R.B., 2012. Phenol‐based antioxidants and the in vitro methods used for their assessment. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 11(2): 148-173.
Davies, K.M. and Espley, R.V., 2013. Opportunities and challenges for metabolic engineering of secondary metabolite pathways for improved human health characters in fruit and vegetable crops. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 41(3): 154-177.
Doughari, J.H., Ndakidemi, P.A., Human, I.S. and Benade, S., 2012. Antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiverotoxic potentials of extracts of Curtisia dentata. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 141(3): 1041-1050.
Eidi A, Parivar K, Mazouji A, Akhtari Z., 2006. Antinociceptive effects of essential oil of Salvia hypoleuca in mice. Medical Sciences, 16(3): 165-169.
Elzaawely, A.A., Xuan, T.D. and Tawata, S., 2005. Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Rumex japonicus H OUTT. aerial parts. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 28(12): 2225-2230.
Fallah Huseini, H., Asghari, B., Asgarpanah, J., Babai Zarch, A. and Eghbali Zarch, T., 2013. Effect of polar and nom-polar Aloe vera leaf extracts on α-amylase and α-glucosidases inhibitory activity In vitro. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 12(48): 160-169.
Firuzi, O., Miri, R., Asadollahi, M., Eslami, S. and Jassbi, A.R., 2013. Cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and phenolic contents of eleven Salvia species from Iran. Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research: Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 12(4): 801-810.
Forman, H.J. and Zhang, H., 2021. Targeting oxidative stress in disease: Promise and limitations of antioxidant therapy. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 1-21.
Gheshlaghpour, J., Asghari, B., Khademian, R. and Sedaghati, B., 2021. Silicon alleviates cadmium stress in basil (Ocimum basilicum) through alteration of phytochemical and physiological characteristics. Industrial Crops and Products, 163: 113338.
Gourlay, G. and Constabel, C.P., 2019. Condensed tannins are inducible antioxidants and protect hybrid poplar against oxidative stress. Tree Physiology, 39(3): 345-355.
Habib, K.D., Giti, B. and Ali, M., 2016. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oil from Salvia hypoleuca at different growth stages. Nusantara Bioscience, 8(2): 145-149.
Han, Y., Chi, J., Zhang, M., Zhang, R., Fan, S., Huang, F., Xue, K. and Liu, L., 2019. Characterization of saponins and phenolic compounds: antioxidant activity and inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase in different varieties of colored quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd). Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 83(11): 2128-2139.
Hedge, I.C., 1982. Salvia in: K. H. Rechinger, Ed., flora Iranica. Academische Druck-U. Verlagsantalt, Graze, Vol. 150: 403-476.
Jain, P., Bhuiyan, M.H., Hossain, K.R. and Bachar, S.C., 2011. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of local seeded banana fruits. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 5(11): 1398-1403.
Jamzad, Z. 2012. Lamiaceae in flora of Iran. (1st). Tehran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Press, 1074.
Javdan, N. and Estakhr, J., 2012. Anti-ocular-inflammatory effects of Salvia hypoleuca extract on rat endotoxin-Induced uveitis. Current Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 4(1): 33-39.
Jin, Q., Han, X.H., Hong, S.S., Lee, C., Choe, S., Lee, D., Kim, Y., Hong, J.T., Lee, M.K. and Hwang, B.Y., 2012. Antioxidative oligostilbenes from Caragana sinica. bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 22(2): 973-976.
Khattab, R., Goldberg, E., Lin, L. and Thiyam, U., 2010. Quantitative analysis and free-radical-scavenging activity of chlorophyll, phytic acid, and condensed tannins in canola. Food chemistry, 122(4): 1266-1272.
Kocak, M.S., Sarikurkcu, C., Cengiz, M., Kocak, S., Uren, M.C. and Tepe, B., 2016. Salvia cadmica: Phenolic composition and biological activity. Industrial Crops and Products, 85: 204-212.
Li, M., Li, Q., Zhang, C., Zhang, N., Cui, Z., Huang, L. and Xiao, P., 2013. An ethnopharmacological investigation of medicinal Salvia plants (Lamiaceae) in China. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, 3(4): 273-280.
Lin, L., Dong, Y., Zhao, H., Wen, L., Yang, B. and Zhao, M., 2011. Comparative evaluation of rosmarinic acid, methyl rosmarinate and pedalitin isolated from Rabdosia serra (MAXIM.) HARA as inhibitors of tyrosinase and α-glucosidase. Food chemistry, 129(3): 884-889.
Lopresti, A.L., 2017. Salvia (sage): a review of its potential cognitive-enhancing and protective effects. Drugs in R&D, 17(1): 53-64.
Lu, Y. and Foo, L.Y., 2002. Polyphenolics of Salvia-a review. Phytochemistry, 59(2): 117-140.
Mafakheri, S. and Asghari, B., 2018. Effect of seaweed extract, humic acid and chemical fertilizers on morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of Trigonella foenum-graecum Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 20(7): 1505-1516.
Masum, M.N., Yamauchi, K. and Mitsunaga, T., 2019. Tyrosinase inhibitors from natural and synthetic sources as skin-lightening agents. Reviews in Agricultural Science, 7: 41-58.
Mendez, M., Rodríguez, R., Ruiz, J., Morales-Adame, D., Castillo, F., Hernández-Castillo, F.D. and Aguilar, C.N., 2012. Antibacterial activity of plant extracts obtained with alternative organics solvents against food-borne pathogen bacteria. Industrial Crops and Products, 37(1): 445-450.
Mobinikhaledi, A., Asghari, B. and Jabbarpour, M., 2015. Design and synthesis of new benzimidazole and pyrimidine derivatives as α-glucosidase inhibitor. Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research: IJPR, 14(3): 723-731.
Monsef Esfahani, H.R., Amirshahrokhi, K., Babaei Boroujeni, H. and Dehpour, A., 2020. Anti-anxiety effect of Salvia hypoleuca. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy, 7(2): 1-4.
Moradi-Afrapoli, F., Asghari, B., Saeidnia, S., Ajani, Y., Mirjani, M., Malmir, M., Bazaz, R.D., Hadjiakhoondi, A., Salehi, P., Hamburger, M. and Yassa, N., 2012. In vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of phenolic constituents from aerial parts of Polygonum hyrcanicum. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20(1): 1-6.
Nenadis, N., Wang, L.F., Tsimidou, M. and Zhang, H.Y., 2004. Estimation of scavenging activity of phenolic compounds using the ABTS+ assay. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 52(15): 4669-4674.
Nguyen, H.X., Nguyen, N.T., Nguyen, M.H.K., Le, T.H., Van Do, T.N., Hung, T.M. and Nguyen, M.T.T., 2016. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of flavonoids from Artocarpus heterophyllous. Chemistry Central Journal, 10(1): 1-6.
Nickavar, B., Mojab, F. and Asgarpanah, J., 2005. Volatile composition of the essential oil of Salvia hypoleuca International Journal of Aromatherapy, 15(1): 51-53.
Okawa, M., Kinjo, J., Nohara, T. and ONO, M., 2001. DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity of flavonoids obtained from some medicinal plants. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 24(10): 1202-1205.
Omoruyi, B.E., Bradley, G. and Afolayan, A.J., 2012. Antioxidant and phytochemical properties of Carpobrotus edulis (L.) bolus leaf used for the management of common infections in HIV/AIDS patients in Eastern Cape Province. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 12(1): 1-9.
Pan, F., Su, T.J., Cai, S.M. and Wu, W., 2017. Fungal endophyte-derived Fritillaria unibracteata wabuensis: diversity, antioxidant capacities in vitro and relations to phenolic, flavonoid or saponin compounds. Scientific Reports, 7(1): 1-14.
Pérez-Torres, I., Castrejón-Téllez, V., Soto, M.E., Rubio-Ruiz, M.E., Manzano-Pech, L. and Guarner-Lans, V., 2021. Oxidative stress, plant natural antioxidants, and obesity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(4): 1786.
Saeidnia, S., Ghamarinia, M., Gohari, A.R. and Shakeri, A., 2012. Terpenes from the root of Salvia hypoleuca DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20(1): 1-6.
Seyoum, A., Asres, K. and El-Fiky, F.K., 2006. Structure–radical scavenging activity relationships of flavonoids. Phytochemistry, 67(18): 2058-2070.
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