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        1 - The Impact of Financial Development Shocks and Domestic Credit of Financial Sectors on the Shadow Economy Using the Vector Autoregression (VAR) Model
        Zahra Pour Mohsen Yekta Abatari maryam khoshnevis
        There is a lot of evidence today that informal economic activities are growing in the world, and therefore Study of shadow economy, as one of the main components in orienting and defining economic policies, has always been a concern for economists, but in this field, th More
        There is a lot of evidence today that informal economic activities are growing in the world, and therefore Study of shadow economy, as one of the main components in orienting and defining economic policies, has always been a concern for economists, but in this field, the impact of development of financial markets and internal credits on the volume of the shadow economy has been dealt in less.Development of financial markets play a considerable role in providing required credit to entrepreneurs and business corporations so they impress shaping economic activities and continual of economic transactions. This research aims in investigating the effects of shocks in financial development and domestic credit on the shadow economy, conducted using the VAR auto-regression model for country (Iran) from 1372 to 1395 (1993 to 2016). Instantaneous response functions and variance analysis shows the effect of bank credit shocks on the shadow economy. The analysis of the results suggests that financial development, the ratio of private sector domestic credit to GDP and the ratio of financial sector domestic credit to GDP in studied years, impose a long time negative and significant effect on the country shadow economy. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Dynamic Relationship between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Iran
        Maryam Khoshnevis Asma Shiri Azam Shiri
        The relationship between causation of energy use and economic growth is one of the important issues of energy economy, which has been studied extensively. However, previous studies in Iran have ignored the nonlinear behavior of these two variables, which can be as a res More
        The relationship between causation of energy use and economic growth is one of the important issues of energy economy, which has been studied extensively. However, previous studies in Iran have ignored the nonlinear behavior of these two variables, which can be as a result of structural failures. In this research, the self-monitoring regression model of time parameters with probability fluctuations (TVP-VAR) is used to determine the inter-annual dynamics between the real GDP of Iran (oil, non-oil), electricity consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions in 1972-2014. The results show that the TVP-VAR model is used to study the dynamic relationship between power consumption, real GDP, and greenhouse emissions. In addition, analyzing the successive responses of GDP time, energy consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions to structural shocks suggests that these responses depend on the severity of GDP structural fluctuations, power consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions. In fact, the existence of a one-way non-linear relationship has led to economic growth as a result of energy use. This finding means that decision-makers should consider the fluctuations of real GDP, electric shock, greenhouse gas emissions, and the relationship between time-varying patterns of Real GDP, consumption electricity and emissions of greenhouse gases when deciding on energy policies. Manuscript profile