List of Articles Ein-allah Khademi

• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  1 - Structural Justification as the Achievement of Audi's Internalism
  Mohsen Shams Amirhossein Mansouri Nouri abdollah salavati Einollah Khademi
  The conventional tripartite definition of knowledge represents it as "true justified belief" and implies that three conditions are necessary to know something namely truth, justification and belief. Here justification has proved to be more controversial than the other t More

  The conventional tripartite definition of knowledge represents it as "true justified belief" and implies that three conditions are necessary to know something namely truth, justification and belief. Here justification has proved to be more controversial than the other two. Epistemologists usually recognize only two types namely doxastic and situational. This is where the Audi's categorization stands out; he proposes four types and speaks of propositional and structural types as well. Structural Justification is an Innovation and the result of Audi's internalist view in justification. Internalism and externalism are two rival views for explaining epistemology and justification. Audi Believes in Accessibilism weak internalism in justification and Structural Justification is the conclusion of his special internalist approach to justification. Given that one of the major criticisms leveled at internalism rests upon its indefinite and mental nature, Audi’s formulation of a definite mental process leading to doxastic justification has successfully reinforced the internalists’ stance. In this research, content analysis method has been used. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  2 - “Internalism intending to Justification and Externalism to episteme": The Achievement of Audi's Dualistic Approach to Epistemology
  Mohsen Shams Amirhossein Mansouri Nouri abdollah salavati ٍEinollah Khademi
  During the past fifty years the internalism/externalism dichotomy in regard with justification and knowledge has been controversial, and inclination toward either of them has been considered as epistemological view of contemporary epistemologists. In opposition to exter More

  During the past fifty years the internalism/externalism dichotomy in regard with justification and knowledge has been controversial, and inclination toward either of them has been considered as epistemological view of contemporary epistemologists. In opposition to externalism, internalism assumed all factors of justification and knowledge are internal affairs. Robert Audi has a combinatory theory: "internalism about Justification and externalism about Knowledge". The central problem under investigation in this paper is the possibility and origins of Audi's view and how it can be distinguished from the others. Like Gattier, Audi takes a critical position against the tripartite definition of knowledge, discussing the differences between the foundations of knowledge vs. justification, and argued that knowledge, due to its dependence on truth, is not accessible like justification. The combinatory of the theory and its elaboration in regard with justification and knowledge is based on both Audi's dualistic view toward epistemology and his belief in the difference of the accessibility of two parallels in epistemology i.e. justification and knowledge. He has regarded the justification as an internal and the episteme as external. Audi’s doctrine is the combined and detailed one on the nature of justification and episteme.   Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  3 - An Approach to Mentality in Fakhr Razi's Psychology
  fatemeh malbubi einollah khademi abdollah salavati Reza Dargahifar
  In the contemporary era, thinkers abandoned the issue of the mind in a way that gives rise to the idea that it is essence or material, and addressed the issue of what are mental states, what are their characteristics? On the other hand, Islamic thinkers has always been More

  In the contemporary era, thinkers abandoned the issue of the mind in a way that gives rise to the idea that it is essence or material, and addressed the issue of what are mental states, what are their characteristics? On the other hand, Islamic thinkers has always been concerned to the human soul. Fakhr Razi, a famous Muslim theologian, has significant opinions in the discussion of philosophical psychology. He considers the soul to be different from the body, and he has studied a number of soul states and some of their characteristics. The current research deals with the question: what is the relationship between the states and qualities of the soul from Fakhr Razi's point of view and mentality in the contemporary philosophy of mind? In this search, some similarities between Fakhr Razi's opinions and contemporary mentality will be clarified; Emotional states such as pain and pleasure, and perceptual states from the point of view of Fakhr have certain characteristics such as the phenomenality and direct experience of these states for the soul. He has criticized Ibn Sina for not paying attention to these states in the definition of pleasure and pain. He also paid attention to science, which is one of the cognitive states, and it seems that by proposing the addition theory, he intended the consciousness for soul. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  4 - Criticism of reason, its position and levels in Ibn Tufail's epistemological system
  Zahra Haj Amini Amirhossein Mansouri Nouri Einollah Khademi
  basic question: "What is reason, its place and levels in Ibn Tufail's epistemological system?" authors have tried to answer this question by describing, analyzing and criticizing the story of Hayi Bin Yaqzan - the only surviving work of Ibn Tufail. Durin More

  basic question: "What is reason, its place and levels in Ibn Tufail's epistemological system?" authors have tried to answer this question by describing, analyzing and criticizing the story of Hayi Bin Yaqzan - the only surviving work of Ibn Tufail. During this investigation, it can be deduced: from Ibn Tufail's point of view, knowledge is "absolute knowledge" and reaching it with the tool of reason, which is "a tool for organizing the system of problems, finding answers for them, and turning partial answers into general perceptions." May be. From Ibn Tufail's point of view, on the way to the ultimate knowledge, a person goes through the following stages with the benefit of practical and theoretical reason: a. observation (experience); b. referring to previous knowledge; J. Causation; d. astonishment E. guess; F. Generalization; G. classification; H. generalization; i. Similar Ibn Tufail introduced the intellect as a means of acquiring knowledge, which can be improved through the stages of experience (first reasonable understanding), abstraction, second reasonable understanding and intuition, and he considers this improvement to be one of the goals of human education; And based on the celibacy of the human soul, he explains its levels. Although there are criticisms of Ibn Tufail in this direction; including: the lack of internal coherence of these stages (despite the possibility of creating coherence by preserving the story components); But it seems that in general, Ibn Tufail has been able to provide an acceptable arrangement for the rational course in the path of human education. Manuscript profile